Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: mwachidule malongosoledwe, chithunzi, mbiri, adiresi, kutsegula maola

Ya kuona zambiri Turkey, mwina wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ambiri anapita ndi Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Am'deralo kuzitcha izo Aya Sofia. Iwo amasangalala kusonyeza nyumba izi zazikulu alendo onse wokayendera dzikolo. Imeneyi si ngozi. Hagia Sophia ku Istanbul, amene chithunzi wokometsedwera mu timabuku onse a mabungwe kuyenda - nyumba zazikulu ndi mbiri wolemera, zomangamanga wapadera ndi mamangidwe chosiyana a m'midzi.

Nyumba iyi chipembedzo umboni zinthu zambiri mbiri ya Constantinople wakale (pakalipano Istanbul), mbiri yake ndi zonse zosiyanasiyana ndi zambiri zomvetsa chisoni zochitika - zivomezi ndi chiwonongeko, moto ndi nkhondo. Komabe Cathedral anapirira ndipo lero analimbikitsa ukulu wake osati m'deralo, komanso alendo ambiri mumzindawo.

Hagia Sophia ku Istanbul: mbiri ya chilengedwe

Ambiri angaoneke kuti zaka zoposa 1000 mu chipinda chino unali mpingo waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse Orthodox. Nyumba yoyamba pa malo Cathedral analipo anabwera ku 360, mu ulamuliro wa Constantine. Ndi Basil yaing'ono chidafundidwa ndi denga matabwa ndipo anali kuvundikira kake.

M'chaka 404, nyumbayi inali kuwotchedwa pa zipolowe. Theodosius II analamula kuti m'maulendo mu 415. The tchalitchi chatsopano anali naves asanu, ndipo analinso ndi denga matabwa. M'chaka 532, pambuyo kugalukira otchuka (chiwembu Nick), nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Justinian anawonongedwa ndi nyumbayo.

About amene anamanga mipingo yapita, zinasungidwa deta odalirika. Koma mayina a anayambitsa nyumba panopa zimadziwika bwino. Iwo Anzemios ndi Isidoros. Hagia Sophia ku Constantinople (Istanbul) anamangidwira chifukwa cha Justinian chomwecho. Kamangidwe ka nyumbayi latsopano anali zimasiyana matchalitchi akuluakulu analipo.

Kachisi

Cathedral mpingo anauika chaka 532, ndipo zaka zisanu kenaka (mu 537) anadutsa pa utumiki choyamba pansi arches ake. Pasanafike Hagia Sophia anakhala kudzachita kwamuyaya kwa coronation wa mafumu a Roma. Mu July 1054 mu mpanda wa kachisi uyu ndi nthumwi ya Leo IX (Papa) - Cardinal Humbert ndi mabishopu, Mihail Kirulary unachotsa mzake kuchokera mu mpingo (anathematized). zinachitikazi inachititsa magawano mu Katolika ndi Orthodox.

Pomanga mzikiti ndi

Mu nthawi ya pakati pa zaka 1204 ndi 1261, Istanbul anali kulamulidwa ndi Akhristu. Panthawi imeneyi, mumzindawo, ndipo mpingo kwambiri kuonongeka. Popeza anagonjetsa Constantinople mu 1453, Sultan Mehmed linayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo Chisilamu. kumanga Cathedral bwino anagwirizana, mitengo yonyamulira zina akhala anaika. Motero, m'dziko la Aya Sofia Mosque. Mu ulamuliro wa Sultan Mehmed madrasah unamangidwapo - sukulu Muslim, chimene chinafika mpaka m'zaka XVII.

chilengedwe owonetsera zakale

Mu XIX m'ma (1847-1849 gg.) Kenako kukhazikitsanso zinachitika mu Cathedral lapansi. Fossati abale, amene panthawiyo anali amisiri kuchotsedwa Bay, kumene kamodzi anapemphera kwa mafumu. Inali kumpoto kwa kachisi mu kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono, ndipo Ufumuyo kumanzere kwa mihrab lapansi. Mu 1935, a Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) anatsimikizidwa nyumba Museum Mustafa Ataturk.

Popeza 2006, pambuyo apilo ambiri okhulupirika boma, onyamula miyambo Muslim analoledwa mu kachisi. azambiriyakale mpingo kuti anali Hagia Sophia ku Istanbul anali malo akazembe a Russian kalonga Vladimir anadziwa ndi lingaliro la Orthodox chipembedzo. Kugwedezeka ndi kukongola kwa utumiki ikuchitika pano, iwo akulangizidwa mkulu kutembenuka kukhala Akristu Woyera Lazaro.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati Hagia Sophia ku Istanbul?

Kachisi wokongola ali mu mawonekedwe a quadrilateral oblong. Ndipamene timipata atatu (otsika) - lonse, awiri mbali - kuchepera. The tchalitchi ali sredokrestiem quadrangular, amene pamwamba mzikiti a. The mzikiti yaikulu dongosolo kachisi ndi lodabwitsa a zomangamanga achipembedzo a nthawiyo.

Malinga ofufuza Turkey mphamvu makoma Cathedral zimatheka ndi kuwonjezera njira ya (nyumbayi) Tingafinye wa zouma masamba phulusa. Lonse pakati kanjira, lalikulu pa maziko a, ndi njanjira pa ngodya ndi mizati inayi, amene propped mmwamba arches yaikulu wokutidwa ndi lathyathyathya mzikiti (31 m). pamwamba ake ndi mamita 51 kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka. Dome akupanga zozungulira arches. Mu mbali m'munsi ili mipata mezharochnyh kudula kudzera arched mazenera 40. Izi amalenga kumverera kwa zone chachikulu kuwala, yomwe ili pansi pa mzikiti lapansi.

Ngakhale mfundo za ntchito ya zomangamanga amakono nyumba ali ndi kukula chidwi kwambiri mamita -75h68. Ambiri mwa mapulani ndi luso njira kuti anali woyamba ntchito pamene iwo anamanga Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), kenako ntchito zomangamanga chipembedzo padziko lonse.

Chokongoletsera mkati

Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), imafotokoza mwachidule zomwe alendo mungapeze mu timabuku mabungwe kuyenda kapena atsogoleri mzinda, n'zochititsa chidwi chifukwa cha kukula kwake obweretsa pamene kulowa mkati.

Mumtima Temple mapeto kwa zaka zambiri. Iye nthawizonse zakhala mwanaalirenji. Makoma zophimbidwa zithunzi (ngati zokongoletsera ndi nyimbo phunziro). Ntchito yomanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabo, kutenga woyamba apansi awiri a imvi mdima, pafupifupi wakuda. Pafupi ndi mzikiti (mu tiers chapamwamba) khoma ngati adayikamo golide.

Mbali yaikulu ya zomangamanga lodabwitsali ndi osakaniza amafunika Muslim ndi Orthodox zipembedzo. Anayi medallions lalikulu mu maina script Arabic kusindikizidwa mneneri Muhammad, Mulungu ndi pokhapokhapo choyamba. Pakati medallions ndi Orthodox Zojambula pakhoma ndi nkhope ya Virgin.

A kuganiza kwambiri alendo onse kuyendera ambabala yosanja kachisi. Choncho Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) amaoneka otchuka kwambiri. Pano mukhoza amasirira kukongola kwa nyumba imeneyi wakale. Pa yosanja mutha kuona wotchuka zipata nsangalabwi. Pa nthawi ina anasiyanitsidwa ndi chipinda chachikulu la Mayiko a zipinda Imperial.

Zithunzi

Amafotokozera chidali cha ulemerero mkati mwa kachisi ndi Zithunzi wakale. Akatswiri conventionally kugawidwa m'mbali zitatu za mbiri yakale:

• IX m'ma (isanayambike);
• IX-X atumwi;
• mapeto a X atumwi.

Mu 1935 tinayamba ntchito yobwezeretsa kubwezeretsa frescos akale Orthodox ndi Zithunzi. Azambiriyakale timaliyamikira kwambiri chifanizo cha Lady athu (zithunzi), limene lili apse lapansi. Linapangidwa pa maziko golide. Zovala Lady athu a mdima mtundu buluu. Ndi kuphatikiza lalikulu la golide ndi buluu mdima anatsindika mzimu ukulu Byzantine.

N'zosadabwitsa bwino anapulumutsidwa apses ndi guwa, pafupi ndi yomwe inu mukhoza kuwona bedi la mfumu ina ya. Pa kulambira pano nawo kazembe, pamodzi ndi zoyerekeza ndi ana. Pandunji pa bedi anali okonzekera amayi a banja la Sultan. Chinthu chofunika wa ulemerero mkati titchedwe mapanelo kwambiri mpanda, ziperekedwa mu miyambo yakale ya Zilembozo zinkasonyeza Ottoman.

Mwatsoka, lero anasunga Zithunzi si ambiri kwambiri. Pa mmodzi wa iwo chikusonyezera Virgin Mary ndi Mfumu John II. Pa nthawi, kazembe allocated ndalama yaikulu yomanga kachisi.

Choti?

Ikani coronation miyambo ya mafumu Byzantine - omfalion. Ndi nsangalabwi circumferentially kutayidwa pansi pa tchalitchi.

Kulira ndime TACHIMATA ndi mkuwa. Ku ndi okwera otsika (pa mlingo wa kukula anthu) ndi bowo laling'ono. Monga nthano zakale, ngati una kuika chala chanu ndi nenani cholakalaka pa mfundo iyi, ndiye adzakwaniritsidwa ndithu.

"Cold bokosi" - ndi kukopa wina wa kachisi wakale. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa tsiku yotentha pa zenera kuwomba ozizira, zolimbikitsa mphepo.

Pakati zipilala za chisilamu mzikiti Hagia Sophia cholemba mwangwiro anasunga mihrab ndi guwa lansembe limodzi la apses wa mpingo. Komanso, monga chosema nsangalabwi guwa, amene analengedwa m'zaka XVI nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Sultan Murad III.

Alendo ndithu ndikaonekere ndi kama osiyana muezzin lapansi. Anapita kuti Mecca - manda wa Ottoman Sultans. chidwi chachikulu ndi mosamala nyumba yaikulu sukulu, laibulale, kasupe ndi malo osauka, amene anamanga Sultan Mahmud Ine m'zaka XVII.

maola

Ngati mukufuna kupita Turkey, Mpofunika kuti inu mukhale otsimikiza kuti akaone Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Adiresi ya chipilala lodabwitsali za mbiri ndi zomangamanga: Aya Sofya sq, Sultanahmet, Istanbul, Turkey .. Tikukhulupirira kuti ndidzawakhutiritsa ndi kudzacheza kwa nyumba izi zazikulu.

Tikumbukenso kuti alendo ake tsiku lililonse kuyembekezera Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Opaleshoni nthawi zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono malingana ndi nyengo. M'chaka (kuchokera 15,04 pa 01.10), m'nyumbayi ndi lotseguka kwa 9,00 kuti 19,00, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - kuchokera 9,00 kuti 17.00. malonda tikiti kutha pa 18:00 m'chilimwe, yozizira - mu 16,00.

Mtengo wa kuyendera m'nyumbayi ndi makumi atatu liras, ndi alendo wamng'ono (osakwana zaka khumi ndi ziwiri) Polowera ufulu. Lira mukhoza mwatchutchutchu wothandizila kuyenda molunjika asanayambe ulendo. Aliyense amene akufuna kukaona Cathedral wa Sophia ku Istanbul, ayenera kudziwa kuti pa mwezi oyera Ramadani, Asilamu onse a kachisi sachiza.

Kodi kumeneko?

Ngati mukupita kukacheza m'nyumbayi paokha (osati mbali ya gulu ulendo), ndiye muyenera kudziwa kumeneko. Kupanga izo wokongola zosavuta, ntchito mabasi ndi magalimoto. Muyenera basi (njira T4) kapena yopepuka (TR1). Lekani kuti muyenera amatchedwa "Sultanahmet".

Amene akhoza kutenga yapansi (Havalimani-Aksaray) kuchokera Ataturk ndege kuti Zeytinburnu siteshoni. Ndiye muyenera kusamutsa kwa TR1 sitima, zimafunika inu malo. Ngati mukukhala mu chigawo Sisli, mukhoza kuyenda okwerera sitima ku Taksim siteshoni.