Ilia Chavchavadze: chidwi mbiri mfundo

Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorevich - Chijojiya wolemba, ndakatulo, kalonga, ngwazi ya ulamuliro ndi ufulu wa dziko. Mu 1987 iye anali canonized ndi tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Mu nkhani iyi, dzina lake ndi Woyera Ilia Olungama. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 kuti ankaona wotchuka Chavchavadze Chijojiya dziko chithunzi. Nkhaniyi azipereka lalifupi mbiri yake. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

Ilia Chavchavadze: ndale

The ngwazi za nkhaniyi analandila maphunziko malamulo St. Petersburg University. Koma chifukwa cha "wophunzira wa mbiri" mu 1861 anayenera kupita ku sukulu mnyamata.

Kumayambiriro a 1864 Ilia Chavchavadze anaikidwa wothandizira kwa kazembe-General, ndipo anapita paulendo ku chigawo Kutaisi. Kalonga anali kudziwa maganizo a anthu wamba ndi landlords.

Zaka zinayi Chavchavadze analankhula mtendere mkhalapakati kuchigawo Tiflis. Iye ankagwira ntchito woweruza ku mudzi uno mpaka 1874. Komanso, Eliya anatsogolera kufala kwa kulemba mwa anthu a anthu a Georgia. Mu 1906, wolemba ndakatulo anasankhidwa membala wa bungwe State wa amazikonda anthu otchuka. Kwa ntchito zake zandale kumenyana kwa kudziyimira pawokha wa Georgia. Pankhani imeneyi motsutsana kalonga anachita monga mamembala a RSDLP, ndi akuluakulu a Russian Ufumu.

kupha

Kumapeto kwa August 1907, Ilia Chavchavadze, amene ntchito adzakhala pansipa, anali limodzi ndi mkazi wake Olga. Banja atakwera mu ophimba lotseguka ku Tbilisi kuti Saguramo. Near amasiya awo gulu Tsitsamuri Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretia, Ivan Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, George Khizanishvili). Aliyense zigawenga anali zida. Chavchavadze anatembenukira kwa gulu: ". Musamagende, Ndine Ilya" Gigla anayankha kuti: "Chifukwa chake timakakamizika kutsegula moto." Pambuyo pake, panali phokoso la kuwombera pa.

Vakhtang Giruli m'buku lake anatchula maganizo a wina wa madokotala chachikulu munthawi lotchedwa Iashvili. Last ngakhale iye sanali dokotala wodziwa za vutoli ndi wasayansi azamalamulo, koma anadzudzula deta ya boma kutsegula kuchita. Malinga Iashvili anamuwombera iye anapangidwa osati kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kuti ndi moto anatsegula pa abisalire chachiwiri, amene sankadziwa ngakhale gulu Berbichashvili.

chiganizo

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Chavchavadze kupha sichinayambe kuthetsedwa kwathunthu. Berbichashvili zigawenga mamembala analungamitsidwa ndi boma osauka zida zawo, ndipo ananena mu khoti kuti "anachoka palokha." Iwo anakana pamaso pa makasitomala. Mkazi wamasiye wa ndakatulo anafunsa bwalo kupulumutsa moyo wa achifwamba, motero ulemu kukumbukira mwamuna wake. Koma, ndi chigamulo cha "kuweruza Stolypin ndi" gulu (kupatula akuthawira Imeretia) anaphedwa.

Mabaibulo

Panopa, ena olemba amene sali bwino Chijojiya ndi mbiri, malinga Prince wakupha Bolshevik (Russian). Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi Professor Anna Geifman, Ilia Chavchavadze walunjika nationalists anatsogolera nkhondo yolimbana ndi Socialist-Democrats. Otsiriza anatsogolera Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. Iye sanasangalale ndi Kutsutsa pulogalamu ya kalonga. Izi kwambiri kuonongedwa kwa ndale kwa Bolsheviks. Geifman Chavchavadze ankaona chifukwa chachikulu za kupha Sitefano kutchuka kwambiri monga munthu ndi wolemba. Zonsezi Anna anaberekera ndi ntchito ya ndale za Ilya G. kuganizira kuti nadzagwidwa wamba ku kwakukulu sosholisimu.

Ndipotu zimenezi si zoona. Ngati pulofesa ankadziwa mbiri ya Georgia, ine sibwenzi oterowo mfundo zolakwika. Choyamba, Nationalists nthawi otchedwa kumbali osati Chavchavadze ndi Goliyati Nikoladze. Kachiwiri Democrats Socialists sanali nawo pamene pa Mensheviks ndi Bolsheviks. Chachitatu, chipani Ilya G. anali mmphepete ndi sangapambane chisankho.

Panalinso Mabaibulo ena. Mwachitsanzo, Democrats Social ankaona kulinganiza za kupha Sitefano apolisi. Cholinga cha ndakatulo anapanga malo odana ndi boma ndipo nkhondo yake kwa chiyembekezo chakuti ya chilango cha imfa.

chilengedwe

1857 - chaka chimene pamene anayamba kufalitsa ntchito zake Ilia Chavchavadze. ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo wa anaonekera mu mabuku osiyanasiyana: nyuzipepala "Droeba" magazini "Tsiskari", lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Iye "Sakartvelos Moambe", etc. Koma wotchuka kwambiri ndakatulo ya Prince. "Mayi ndi Mwana", "m'kanyumba Mungu," "wotchedwa Dmitry Samopozhertvovatel" "Mzimu", "zinachitika pa moyo wa achifwamba" Komanso Chavchavadze analemba mabuku monga "zokoloweka The", "Khirisimasi nkhani", "nkhani yachilendo", "Letters wapaulendo", "Nkhani ya wopempha", "Katsia-Adamiani" ndi ena.

Pa moyo wa Ilya G. ikumasuliridwa Russian zingapo za ndakatulo zake. Koma ndakatulo, ndi owerenga Russian akhoza kuwerenga kokha ndi "kanyumba Mungu". Mwa njira, ndi ndakatulo zonse m'moyo wake Chavchavadze kumasuliridwa mu Russian, anasonkhana mu deta osiyana. Ochokera izo zinasindikizidwa mu "Bulletin of Europe", "Pictorial Review", etc.

Kumasulira

Ilya Chavchavadze m'chinenero cha mbadwa ya Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov ndi Pushkin. Iye anachita izi mu mgwirizano ndi olemba ena. Mwachitsanzo, ndi Ivan Machabeli ikumasuliridwa Chijojiya "King Lear."

Angachitsekereze Public

Ilia Chavchavadze anali internationalist. Kwa zaka zambiri kumbuyo kusalidwa anthu Chiameniya la Georgia. Nthawi zina iye amayenera kutenga mavuto chifukwa cha miyoyo yawo. Koma ndakatulo anaona Georgia ogwirizana mtundu proletarian, ndi akalonga - kunachitika vanguard. Ngakhale kuti Chavchavadze Tbilisi lotsogoledwa ndi banki dziko, iyenso limabweretsa proletarians okha, kuimba zilandiridwenso zawo. Komanso, Ilya G. nkhondo Chiameniya, Ossetian, Russian, Turkey, etc. bourgeoisie. Mu 1902 anafalitsa nkhani yake "Miyala mokwiya ndi asayansi Chiameniya" yomasulira ku Russia. Wachita phokoso lambiri. Mogwirizana ndi izi odana ndi ngwazi za nkhaniyi anachita osati monga bourgeoisie Chiameniya, komanso ndinachoka phiko Democrats Social.

Stalin za ndakatulo iyi

M'zaka 1895-1896 Ilia Chavchavadze, amene yonena limaoneka pamwamba, anatsogolera magazini "Iveria". Pali anafalitsa ndakatulo zisanu ndi ziwiri za ndakatulo Soso. Young Stalin analemba pansi pseudonym izi pamene iye anali mu seminare. ntchito Chavchavadze wakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mutu tsogolo la Soviet Union. Stalin, ndi zosungitsa ena,, atawira anthu ake ogwirizana mtundu proletarian. nkhani yolembedwa wake ndi za kulimbitsa kalasi vuto limene Kubwera kwa chikomyunizimu ndipo inafikira onse koma Georgia. Mu kuyankhulana ndi mkulu filimu Michael Chaureliya, Stalin otchedwa Chavchavadze mmodzi wa alembi lapadera kwambiri kuchiyambi cha chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi zaka makumi awiri.

chikumbukiro

• Mu USSR, dzina la ngwazi za nkhani munatuluka mzinda wa Batumi State Drama Theatre.
• G. Image Ilia anaika gel osakaniza 20 (Georgia bilu).
• Mu 1958, positi ofesi anapereka sitampu zoyenera Chavchavadze.
• dzina Wolemba ndakatulo anapatsidwa kwa University of Culture ndi zinenero Western European.
• Chikumbutso owonetsera zakale publicist anatsegula m'mudzi wa Kvareli (1937), chuma cha Ilya G. otchedwa Saguramo (1951) ndi Tbilisi (1957).