Ilya Kabakov ndi zojambula Iosifovicha. Wojambula Ilya Kabakov: penti "Chikumbu"

The odziwika bwino kwambiri ojambula zithunzi Soviet ndi Russian mu West ndi Ilya Kabakov. zojambula ake anasonyeza lero m'mayiko ambiri, ndi mtengo uliwonse chaka akupeza apamwamba. Popularity anabwera mbuye pambuyo pa mapeto a 1980s, iye anasamuka kunja. Pamaso kuti Kabakov anali amakonda wokhala mu USSR, ndiwo ndalama wakhala yofotokoza mabuku ana. Zojambula, zimene zinabweretsa kutchuka ndi chuma kenako, iye analemba kuti mnyamatayo, koma tizidalira kumvetsa cha ntchito yake Soviet Union sakanakhoza.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Wojambula Ilya Kabakov, amene zithunzi lero kukhala olemera anthu dziko, anabadwa mu Odessa mu 1933. Banja anali bambo ambiri, Iosif Bentsionovich ndipo ankagwira ntchito yokonza makina, ndipo mayi ake, Bella Yudelevna - yowerengera. Pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, papa mnyamata anapita kutsogolo, ndi mayi ake, anatengedwa pamodzi ndi Uzbekistan (Samarkand). Apa mu 1943, iye anayamba kuphunzira kupenta pa sukulu zojambulajambula, limene ntchito pamene anasamutsidwa kuchoka Leningrad Institute of Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga. Repin. Kabakov anaphunzira Samarkand zaka 2. Nkhondo itatha mu 1945 mnyamata luso kunditumiza ku Sukulu Art mu Moscow (MSHSH). Titamaliza iye, analembedwa Institute Surikov mu Dipatimenti Yojambula Zithunzi (iye anali wophunzira kuchokera 1951 mpaka 1957).

Zilandiridwenso isanayambe kapena itatha emigration

Chithunzicho achinyamata amagwira ntchito ngati Illustrator mabuku ofalitsidwa ndi "Detgiz" (patapita anadzatchedwa "Literature Ana"), anathandizana ndi magazini "Murzilka", "Mula zithunzi", "mwana". Panthawi imeneyi, pali zithunzi woyamba Kabakova Ili, zinalembedwa kalembedwe surrealism ndi umboni luso. Mu 1960 iye akulowa m'gulu aluso, otsutsa, ndi zolengedwa ake pa zisudzo zakunja L'Aquila, pambuyo poti anapereka ku Venice, London ndi Cologne. Kuwonjezera zojambula, mu ntchito wolemba akhala zolimba amaoneka anaika. Choyamba Mayiko Grant Ilya Iosifovich analandira yemwe anabadwa mu 1987. Chaka chotsatira, chithunzicho anali kupereka maphunziro a French Utumiki wa Culture, ndipo mu 1989 analandira ndalama za German maphunziro Kusinthanitsa Service (DAAD), iye anapita ku Berlin ndipo kuyambira kunyumba sizikuyenda .

Atasamukira ku dziko lonse lapansi kuti adziwe zimene chithunzicho Ilya Kabakov. Zojambula, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu buku lino, inavuta kwambiri pakati mafani luso ano. Pachimake cha ambuye ulemerero anayamba 1990s: panthawi kuti wamwalira ambiri zisudzo m'mayiko ambiri. Mu Russia, wojambula anayamba anasonyeza mwachangu 2000s lapansi. Mu lero West woimirira chachikulu cha luso Soviet ndi Russian imatengedwa Kabakov Ilya Iosifovich. zojambula ake anasonyeza pa chionetsero "Russia" unachitika pa za Guggenheim Museum, pafupi ndi zithunzi za Andreya Rublova, ntchito za Malevich, Bryullov, Repin. Pambuyo pake, ulamuliro wa mmisiri kwambiri kuchuluka.

"Kusamba"

Kodi kotero chidwi cha luso okonda zojambula Kabakova Ili? Kuti timvetse zimenezi, muyenera kuganizira ntchito angapo ambuye kwa nthawi zosiyana za moyo wake. Mu 1964, mndandanda wa zojambula anabwera kuchokera m'manja mwa chithunzicho lotchedwa "akusamba." Patapita chaka chimodzi, Chiwerengerochi anabwera chionetserocho ku Italy, chifukwa cha zimene Ilya Iosifovich koopsa adanyamuka akuluakulu Soviet. zithunzi zotsatirazi mlembi wina yemwe waima akusamba, ikhala youma. Madzi otsika mopitiriza kwa madzi angathe, mitundu kuzungulira munthu kugwa, mapiko, denga ndi akalumikidzidwa zina zovuta kumvetsa, koma asakhudze thupi lake. otsutsa Western apeza ndi kupenta Kabakova Ili ndi kuchepekedwa chuma mu USSR, koma chithunzicho yekha ankanena kuti iyeyo anasolola munthu amene moyo wake onse akuyembekezera chinachake.

Zikamera wa luso cilamulo

Pa chiyambi cha 1970 mu luso la Soviet chinali mulingo "Moscow Conceptualism", mmodzi wa oyambitsa ake amaona chithunzicho Ilya Kabakov. Mlembi wa chithunzi pa nthawi ino - ndi parody ya tepi lofiira yokutidwa zonse zokhudza moyo wa anthu Soviet. Kumbukirani ntchito ya "Mayankho gulu experimental" Kabakov a (1972), kumene lonse tsamba pamwamba ntchito kutsitsi-zolochedwa Zilembozo zinkasonyeza tebulo. Mu izo, nzika iliyonse Soviet - si munthu ndi makhalidwe, koma dzina lake loyamba ndi labambo mu bokosi.

Moscow conceptualism wapeza kutambasuka kwake mu "Ndandanda ya kuchotsa bin" (1980). Apa Kabakov ndi mnyozo wake khalidwe poyera njira Soviet wa moyo. zidebe takeaway kwa anthu okhala nyumba limodzi ndi wojambula mphatso si kufunikira tsiku, koma zonse malamulo amene sangathe kuthyoledwa.

Pa Munthu Amene anatera Space m'chipinda chake pang'ono

Mu 1980s, ndi kovuta akufotokoza kusakhutira wake ndi njira Soviet moyo Kabakov Ilya Iosifovich. Zojambula ndi makhazikitsidwe wakhala odziwika bwino kunja ndi kukapeza kumeneko kuvomereza kwake, kunyumba za wojambula zodziwika kokha mabwalo yopapatiza. M'zaka 1982-1986 Kabakov ntchito pa nyimbo "Munthu amene anatera danga m'chipinda chake." The unsembe tingathe kuwaona bwino mzere wa pakati pa olumala mnyamata ndi maloto ake. Kupanga wosazindikira ndege improvised nyimbo protagonist anawulukira kumalo osadziwika, kuswa kudzera denga la mutu shabby chipinda wake wamng'ono. Pambuyo kusamuka Kabakov zinaonekeratu kuti udindo wa wojambula anthu akuonetsedwa yekha, anasiya Union muyaya.

Kabakov ndi zojambula "Chikumbu" ndi "Maapatimenti"

Emigration ku West anabweretsa Ilya Iosifovich osati dziko wotchuka, komanso boma olimba. Mu 2007, Phillips de A Pury ogulitsira malonda a kupenta wake "Maapatimenti" (1981), kugulitsidwa kwa pafupi $ 4 miliyoni, wakonza kwambiri mtengo Russian zojambula za nthawi unawonongedwa. chaluso wake, wolemba analemba pa chidutswa cha plywood. Iwo Kabakov akuonetsedwa bwino chimawalitsika ndi dzuwa mu chipinda cha hotelo ndi armchairs, tebulo khofi ndi TV. Mu Pachithunzipa chithunzicho waziika zambiri pa maulendo motsogozedwa ndi basi pa Black Sea gombe. nambala iyi, pamodzi ndi onse a Nyanja Black anali chinthu wa nzika Soviet.

Mu 2008, ofalitsa mayiko chidwi kachiwiri anakopeka Ilya Kabakov. The kupenta "Chikumbu", wolembedwa mu 1982, anali wogulitsidwa nyundo madola miliyoni 5,84 lowoneka. Choncho, chithunzicho atchuke mtengo wa ntchito zawo. The kupenta Ilya I. closeup utoto chonyezimira kachilomboka atakhala pa tsamba. M'munsi gawo la the web wolemba chokongoletsedwa nazale nyimbo za tizilombo lapansi. Tanthauzo la ndakatulo ndi losavuta: mwana anapeza kachilomboka wanzeru chifukwa chopereka, koma iye analimbana yopuma ufulu. Koma Kabakov sizikanakhala yekha ngati iye anali padera mu izi nazale yosavuta nyimbo tanthauzo lakuya. Chikumbu, kuyesera kuti aswe m'manja mnyamata, osati kumenyera moyo wake, apa anamva bwino mfundo za udindo wa munthu, kusafuna kukhala mbali ya mtundu wa dongosolo deta.

akazi Kabakov

Kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi, Kabakova Ili zojambula imakhudzana ndi chi kupenta Russian. Lero, chithunzicho amakhala ku New York. Mu 1989, anakwatira. Zinali mkazi wa Ilya I. alitcha zambiri za kupambana kwake, chifukwa chinkhoswe mu khalidwe la zochitika zake chuma ndi gulu la zisudzo. Komanso, Emilia (mkazi) co-yokonzedwa zambiri katswiri wake. Mu 2012, ntchito anzake a Sitima akazi 'a Kulekerera "dzina lake mbali yabwino ya polojekiti, ndipo linapereka kwa linapereka Cartier.

Ngati geniuses kwambiri, sanathe kupeza kutchuka kwawo Ilya Kabakov (wojambula). Zithunzi (zithunzi za ena a iwo anapereka m'nkhani) mu West akhala zinalandira mokondwera ndi anthu onse patsogolo komanso kuonetsetsa wolemba wake woyenera malo mu mndandanda aluso kwambiri.