Imene dziko anaonekera opera? Mbiri ya mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo

Opera, kuvina, nyimbo kotero mbe mu miyoyo yathu, kuti ife anayamba kumva ngati kuti nthawi zonse. Koma izi sizili choncho. Ena Mitundu nyimbo ndi watsopano ndi chikhalidwe dziko. M'nkhaniyi tiona zomwe dziko ndi pamene panali opera. Mawu ali mizu Latin. Mawu "opus" amatanthauza "ntchito", "ntchito", "ntchito". Monga mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo anatulukira ndi Florentines, mankhwala anadziwika mu Italy - masewero a. Pamene woyamba anachita chilengedwe ichi, ndi kwa amene makutu anafuna? Amene anali mlembi woyamba mu dziko la opera? Werengani m'munsimu.

Academy ndi Camerata

Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano chogwidwa minibasi wakale chikhalidwe. pofuna kuti "kutsitsimutsa" cholowa wakale ndi dzina lake lonse lothandiza mbiri. lonse Special chilakolako izi kwa masiku amakedzana wafika pa "adzabadwira" wa kamodzi wamphamvu wa Roma, mu Italy. Mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi zaka khumi mphambu zisanu kulikonse anayamba kuoneka otchedwa Academy - madera chikhalidwe ndi sayansi, amene anali mfulu kwathunthu kwa mphamvu ya Mpingo. Zingaoneke, kodi mfundo zimene zikukambidwa pamwamba funso limene dziko anaonekera opera? The yosavuta. The maphunziro andakatulo, oimba, asayansi ndi anthu chabe olemera ndi ophunzira chinkhoswe mu luso otchedwa boma. Ndipo Opera, monga ife tikudziwira, sanachitepo mofananira cha Benedicto yopemphereramo kapena oratory mpingo. zibonga Cultural (Academy ndi Camerata) yokonzedwa ndi olamulira aboma komanso ogula olemera. Cholinga cha mudera ndi chitukuko ndi kulimbikitsa maluso ndi sayansi.

Florence Camerata

Mu Italy m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mochedwa, panali pafupifupi zikwi za maphunziro awa. Florence anali mwayi bwino mizinda ina. Atsogoleri onse a Republic izi ankaona kuti ndi ntchito yawo kuteteza anthu kulenga ndi iwo mowolowa manja ndipereka. Choncho, Florence anasonkhana matalente mu Italy. Mu 1580 Dzhovanni Bardi, yemwe anali mutu wa Chiwerengero cha anthu okhulupirika, anali Mlengi wa Camerata. Ndipo tsopano bwalo mwachindunji ndi dziko limene panali opera, chifukwa cholinga chake chinali "chitsitsimutso nyimbo wakale." Monga nyimbo ndi nyimbo ya Roma, palibe membala wa Florence Camerata anali wotsimikiza. Koma m'gulu la chikhalidwe anali asayansi ndi anthu kulenga: Jacopo Peri, Cristofano Malvezzi, Girolami Mei, Ottavio Rinuccini, Petro Strotstsi, Dzhulio Kachchini, Jacopo Korea ndi zakuthambo bambo, dziko otchuka Vincenzo Galilei.

Imene dziko anaonekera sewero nyimbo komanso mmene anaitanidwa?

Oimba, anali mbali ya Camerata wa Florence, anazindikira kuti ku Roma wakale, sewero wakale inati nyimbo. Jacopo Peri kwambiri anaganiza kutsitsimutsa luso kuiwalika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuwala anaonekera monody - mtundu watsopano wa payekha kuimba, kuchita mu mungoli ufulu ndi yosavuta limodzi. Ndi chilengedwe cha Wolemba ndi - anayambitsa polemba chinenero chimenechi - otchedwa sewero pa Musica (sewero nyimbo). Kotero, ife ankadziwa zimene dziko sewero la poyamba. Ndipo chimene icho chinali kutchedwa? Ndipo pamene linalembedwa? Wake wapangidwa Yakopo Peri mu 1598. Koma, mwatsoka, woyambirira m'mbiri ya nyimbo za zisudzo, tsopano n'zosatheka kumvera. Mphambu izi mankhwala, mwatsoka, wanena sanapulumuke. Koma tikudziwa kuti icho chinali kutchedwa "Daphne".

Imene dziko anaonekera za zisudzo №2?

Koma kumene kunali mphambu zilipo loyamba? Kachiwiri, mu Florence. Ndipo anaupatsa wolemba chomwecho, Jacopo Peri. Koma nthawi iyi mu mgwirizano ndi libretistom Ottavio Rinuccini. Mu sewero la izi, mamembala a Florence Camerata kuperekedwa mu nyimbo ndi payekha kuimba m'nthano nkhani ya Orpheus ndi Eurydice. Ntchito imeneyi wopangidwa ndi "Aryan", kuwerenga recitative kwa limodzi la gulu loyimba zipangizo zisanu ndi ziwiri. Opera "Euridice" anawalemba chilengedwe. Lidalembedwa chochitika chidwi - ukwati wa Marii Medichi Florence mbadwa ndi French mfumu Henry IV. opera zinakambidwa pa phwando la ukwati ku nyumba yachifumu Pitti chimodzi October 1600. Mwa njira, pa nthawi yomweyo panali chidutswa china nyimbo za dzina lomweli ndi nkhaniyo. Mlembi wa sewero la "Euridice" ndi membala wa Florence Camerata Dzhulio Kachchini.

Kupambana kwa mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo

"The masewero ndi nyimbo" analidi ndi moyo nyimbo okonda. Ndi nyimbo za zisudzo monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi chinayamba mofulumira. NdiAmene woyamba anakhalabe analemba Italy. Koma m'kupita kwa sewero la "analowa" mwa Alps ndipo anayamba ulendo wake zazikulu kudzera Europe. Uliwonse dziko, izo amapeza makhalidwe dziko.

Mu Germany, chilakolako Italy m'malo mwa pathos kukonda dziko. French za zisudzo kwambiri m'nyimbo. Kulongosolerana funso la dziko anaonekera zikuluzikulu, tiyeni kulingalira za ntchito ziti polemba chinenero ichi poyamba anaonekera mu Russian. Amadziwika kuti 1730s pa Mapu anamvetsera kwa oimba amene anachita Arias. Koma awa anali alendo, makamaka ochokera ku Italy. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu panali mafashoni kwa owonetsera payekha, imene gululo anali serfs. The kuonera sewero loyamba, libretto ndi kwalembedwa mu Russian, akuti ndi zoweta sewero lanthabwala ndi Arias "Miller - wabodza, wanyanga ndi Matchmaker" Wolemba Mikhail Sokolovsky lemba A. O. Ablesimova (1779).