Imene imafuna msika ntchito. msika ntchito masiku ano ndi paradaiso

Imodzi mwa mbali yofunika ya chuma masiku ano m'mayiko onse ndi msika ntchito. N'zovuta kuderera udindo wa limagwirira ili, kuyambira tanthauzo lake lagona pa mfundo yakuti anthu mabiliyoni amene amagulitsa ntchito yawo, kulandira ndalama kulibe, ndi mamilioni a malonda - ayenera ogwira ntchito. Ndicho chimene msika ntchito amafunika mu malo oyamba. N'chifukwa chake kudziwa chikhalidwe chake, mtengo ndi mbali zofunika osati kwa chuma ndi eni makampani ambiri, koma mwamtheradi anthu onse.

Lingaliro la msika ntchito

msika Labor - ndi nsanja imene kudzakhalire ndi kulowa mgwirizano ntchito bwana ndi wosaka ntchito. Ndi mtundu wa kachitidwe ubale ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa, ndi zachuma, pakati pa mabungwe awiri.

Mbali imodzi ya mgwirizano wa ntchito - munthu wosowa a pantchito. Wina - nthawi zambiri munthu malamulo kapena zachilengedwe amene akusowa ndodo akatswiri kapena ogwira ntchito, ndi okhoza ntchito wodandaulayu.

Ngati msika wina aliyense, pali mankhwala - ndi ntchito. A wosaka ntchito, wogulitsa machitidwe a chidziwitso chawo, nthawi ndi luso. Ndipo iye akufuna kuti kotunga katundu Malipilo mu mawonekedwe a malipiro.

zinthu kumsika

zinthu kumsika ndi:

• Alembe ndi bwana;
• okwanira ndi anthu, chiŵerengero awo;
• malamulo malamulo limagwirira cha zochita za msika;
• mabungwe utumiki ntchito;
• ntchito misonkhano chiongoko ndi ogwira kusintha maluso a anthu ogwira ntchito;
• kukonza ntchito osakhalitsa (ntchito nyengo, ntchito kunyumba, etc ...);
• kachitidwe ka thandizo boma ndalama kwa anthu amene anachotsedwa ntchito kuchepetsa, anasamukira ku ntchito ina kapena kungoti ulova.

ofuna ntchito ndi olemba ntchito monga nzika za msika

Mavoti ku msika ntchito ndi magulu otsatirawa nzika wamphamvu:

• nzika amene alibe ntchito ndi kufuna kupeza ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo; angakumane nazo, kuti anatenga mlandu pakati ntchito, kapena anthu kungoyang'ana malo awo a ntchito;
• anthu amene akugwira ntchito, koma amene mukufuna kusintha malo awo a ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kusankha malo wina;
• wamphamvu nzika omwe ali anangotsala pang'ono kuchotsedwa.

Bwana mu msika zimenezi zingakhale:

• zosiyanasiyana amakampani ndi mabungwe (mabungwe alamulo);
• amalonda munthu (anthu).

ntchito msika

Imene imafuna msika ntchito - ndi losavuta kumva, poganizira ntchito yake yaikulu ndi ntchito akuwuka kwa izo. Choncho, cholinga chachikulu cha limagwirira izi ndi gulu la ntchito zonse zosowa antchito wolembedwa mu makampani ndi mabungwe.

Msika mu funso, amakwaniritsa ichi mothandizidwa ndi ntchito zotsatirazi anachita:

• kukonza misonkhano pakati pa ma ofuna ntchito;
• kupereka mpikisano wathanzi pakati pa gulu msika;
• ravnovesomyh kukhazikitsa mitengo malipiro.

msika ndi ndondomeko ya kukambirana ndi kusaina mgwirizano wa kugula ndi kugulitsa ntchito anthu pa mawu ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa. A limagwirira zabwinozabwino amathandiza kudzapeza ntchito opindulitsa lingathe ntchito kwa anthu, kutanthauza kuti pa msinkhu zazikulu mu wakuda chuma ndi. msika ntchito, Choncho, amachita kulamulira ntchito.

Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane msika ntchito, lingaliro ndi ntchito yake, wina akhoza kufunsa za zimene zimalimbikitsa chikuoneka mu dziko ndi chikhalidwe chake lero.

prerequisites Economic mapangidwe msika ntchito

Kumvetsa zimene msika ntchito ayenera, m'pofunika kudziwa kuti aumbike mwa dziko lililonse mu malo oyamba mkubwela kwa mfundo zachuma. Awa:

• Liberalization wa muzochitika zones za chuma. Kwenikweni umenewu chagona mu ufulu chuma payekha mu njira ya ulimi ndi kupezeka kwa dziko lawo lomwe.
• Kuzindikila ufulu wa chibadwidwe wa kusankha mwa akatswiri dongosolo, ntchito. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti, mukhoza kusankha kumene ndi mmene kuyesetsa ndalama zimene ndi kaya chikugwira. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu dziko amaletsa ntchito zochita simuchita, kupatula ngati chilango choperekedwa chilungamo.
• Free ogwira ntchito monga chochitika. Aliyense dziko paokha kapena ndi gulu la anthu ali ndi ufulu kutsegula ntchito zawo.

Choncho, mapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito msika ntchito amakhudza chuma. msika ntchito sangakhoze kupangidwa kunja.

Social zinthu mapangidwe msika

Mapangidwe msika ntchito, kuwonjezera mfundo zachuma, zofunika ndi sociological maziko, ndiwo mapangidwe lochitira mawu a ndalama, kutalika kwa utumiki ndi zoyenera ntchito, mlingo wa thanzi ndi mlingo wa maphunziro pakati pa anthu. Komanso, kusiyana ndi nzeru ndiponso makhalidwe (mphamvu, mphamvu, ndi chithumwa. D.).

Mtundu uwu wa lochitira chikhalidwe tiziligwirizanitsa ndi akuluakulu onse ndi thandizo la mapulogalamu boma ndi oyang'anira tauni kuteteza anthu ndi ulova pantchito chifukwa chikhalidwe, subsidizing mabanja amene amapeza ndalama zochepa, ndipo inshuwalansi.

prerequisites malamulo mapangidwe msika ntchito

Kwa prerequisites mwalamulo imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira yake ya kugwira ntchito msika, ndi malamulo ndi malangizo boma, amatha kuteteza anthu a zachuma ndi chikhalidwe lolunjika pa ufulu munthu ndi ufulu wina. Latsopano la Russia, mwachitsanzo, ndi:

• RF Constitution, Art. 7 limene ananena kuti Russia - boma chikhalidwe, zomwe cholinga chake polenga zinthu kwa moyo wolemekezeka ndi ufulu chitukuko cha anthu.
• Labor Code, amene kutchulidwa ndi anafotokoza malamulo a kuyang'aniridwa ndi lamulo ubale ntchito.
• Code The Civil, omwe amasonyeza mitundu malamulo a malonda.
• Chilamulo nambala 10321 "Pa ntchito mu Russian Federation" ndi lamulo Federal № 207-FZ "Pa wabizinesiyo ali pamodzi ndi mapangano" Chilamulo Federal № 10 FZ "Pa Trade mabungwe, ufulu wawo ndipo linapatsa" ndi ena.

Wonjezerani ndi kufunika kumsika ntchito

Kuchokera matanthauzo msika ntchito ndi mafotokozedwe a nzika zake, zikuonekeratu kuti limagwirira izi zachokera mfundo zachuma monga okwanira ndi akumufuna. Kuuza - ndi kupezeka kwa wantchito, izo amasonyeza kukula kwa msika. pempholo A - chiwerengero lova amene ali okonzeka kugulitsa ntchito yawo kwa abwana ake. Imene dziko sakanati bungwe, ndipo N'kutheka msika ntchito, okwanira ndi kufunika kumsika ntchito nthawi zonse kulibe. Iwo ikhoza kusintha kutengera zinthu kunja ndi mkati.

Kotero, anthu ambiri mu msika ntchito zimadalira kwenikweni pa mlingo malipiro. kugwirizana wake m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, ndi mpikisano wangwiro, inversely njila kwa mtengo wa ntchito. Komanso pa mlingo wa kufunika zimakhudza mfundo zina za chuma, monga Mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa katundu opangidwa ndi kampani, mlingo wa zida zamakono kapena mtengo likulu kampani.

Munganene ntchito mofanana, pa dzanja zina, mwachindunji njila kwa malipiro. Ndiko kuti, ngati limatuluka malipiro, kuchuluka chiwerengero cha anthu ofunitsitsa kuthandiza kugulitsa luso lawo pa mtengo uwu.

Pa chakudya ntchito, kuwonjezera malipiro, motsogoleredwa ndi osiyana, chiwerengero cha anthu ntchito, zaka, kuchuluka kwa maola zoyenera ntchito mu makhalidwe tsiku, sabata, chaka, akatswiri ndi Choyenereza anthu wamba akulema.

Wonjezerani ndi kufunika kumsika ntchito zinthu mawonekedwe msika. Mkaziyo magawanidwe awo chosiyana motere:

• kupanda ntchito (msika akukumana kusowa ntchito);
• ndi zotsala ntchito (msika ntchito mwadzaza maganizo);
• moyenera (okwanira ndi kufunika ali mu mgwirizano).

Zotengera malingaliridwe ndi cholinga yaikulu kugwira ntchito msika ntchito

Mosakayikira, boma akhoza zonse limagwirira a chamoyo msika ntchito. Zimenezi zikhoza anagwira mbali zosiyanasiyana za boma;

• lamulo laboma (zonse pa mlingo dziko);
• dera kapena m'deralo (m'dera misika ntchito lamulo monga kulunjika awo).

The yaikulu msika ntchito akhale ndi mabungwe, monga mabungwe malonda.

Koma osati pa nkhani zotengera malingaliridwe a lamulo ntchito ndi ulova zimadalira mmene ntchito msika ntchito. Wonjezerani ndi kufunika kumsika ntchito, ndithudi, komanso mbali yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito imeneyi. Ndipo zochita zawo zimadalira pa chifuniro ndi maganizo a anthu, monga adzakhululukidwa potengera malamulo a zachuma. Ndiko kukhala cholinga.

ntchito chitsanzo msika

Kodi pangakhale msika ntchito? Gulu la misika zikhoza kukhala motere:

• malingana mlingo wa mpikisano (mokwanira mpikisano msika monopsony msika);
• malingana ndi maonekedwe a boma (lachitsanzo Japanese, chitsanzo US ya Sweden lachitsanzo).

Kwathunthu mpikisano - ndi msika ntchito, womwenso ambiri makampani ndi mabungwe, kupikisana ndi mnzake, komanso kwambiri a ogwira ntchito amene adalowa kulimbana ndi mzake. Mu pempheroli, msika ntchito kapena kampani, kapena antchito sangaumirize zinthu zake.

Monopsony - msika ntchito kuti ndi okhawo pa mbali ya mmodzi wa ogula ntchito. Mu pempheroli, pafupifupi ogwira ntchito zonse zikugwira ogwira ntchito yomweyo, popanda kusankha. Choncho, kampani kuzichita malamulo ake, kuphatikizapo waika malipiro. chitsanzo ndi zina kuti m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono, kumene lina lalikulu chomera kapena bungwe umayendetsedwera.

Lachitsanzo Japanese msika ntchito yodziwika ndi dongosolo la ntchito moyo, ndiko kuti, wantchito ntchito pa malo omwewo mpaka zaka zopuma pantchito. Komabe, malipiro ake ndi ubwino chikhalidwe ndi mwachindunji amadalira kutalika kwa utumiki. Maphunziro ndi chitukuko ntchito kutenga monga momwe anakonzera. Ngati bungwe lanu amafuna kuchita kuchepetsa ndi ogwira ntchito si ithe, koma kungoti kunditumiza ku tsiku lalifupi ntchito.

Pa mtima wa US chitsanzo msika ntchito anaika malamulo siyana mu mawu a ntchito ndi ulova. Aliyense boma utenga malamulo yake. Mu mabungwe pali okhwima mwambo ndi khalidwe osakhulupirika kwa antchito. chitukuko ntchito si mwa kampani, koma kusiya kwa kampani ina. Mlingo ulova, poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena America ndi mkulu. Kuti ali mu msika ntchito US, ndipo zimayambitsa ulova zichokera kwa paradaiso.

The Swedish msika ntchito chitsanzo zimaonetsa chikoka chachikulu cha boma pa kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Apa, mlingo osachepera ulova likuvutika malangizo.

Limatchula za msika ntchito

Dziwani kuti msika wamakono ntchito ndi makhalidwe ake uliwonse dziko, mu dera lililonse, ndipo ngakhale aliyense m'mudzi osiyana. Koma mbali yaikulu ya misika onse ndi phunziro la zogulitsa ndi ntchito. chakuti wogulitsa ndi katundu sangakhoze anapatukana, komanso chakuti mankhwala pakokha zotheka kusunga pamene osafunika.

The kulunjika ya misika awa ndi kulephera kukhazikitsa malipilo pansipa boma mwachindunji.

Imene imafuna msika ntchito - ndi losavuta kumva, poganizira mfundo zake, zolinga, zitsanzo ndi mfundo zimachitika. Ambiri tinganene kuti ndi maziko a zachuma msika. Kotero, amatha ulembedwe malamulo ake.