Index ndalama kwa ndalama

Ife tikufuna kuti aganyali ufulu ndalama ndi kusankha zida chuma, ku gawo wotchuka banki kuti aganyali msika katundu. Ngati inu mungawononge misika ndalama tsiku lililonse, palibe nthawi kapena mwayi, muyenera kuganizira njira za pakuika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mukhoza kusankha nthawi yosanthula msika ndi kugula magawo kudzera wogula ndi, funsani thumba mwagwirizana kapena kugula ndalama index.

tanthauzo

Index mwagwirizana thumba (ETF) - mbiri ya sheya kuti ndi maziko a index iliyonse. Stock zolozera - ndi zizindikiro wachibale, amene anapanga ku mtengo wa masheya a "tchipisi buluu" kuti ndiye anayamba makampani dziko. Zikusonyeza mmene chuma chikuyendera pa msika zoweta. zolozera oterewa aliko m'mayiko onsewa. Mu US - ndi S & P 500, mu Germany - ndi DAX, ndipo mu Russia - RTS ndi MMBV.

Index ndalama mobwerezabwereza dongosolo chimapangitsa index. Mbaliyi magawo wa munthu wina dziko, dera, mtengo, ndipo iwo yagawidwa ndi makampani kupanga katundu yemweyo. Zina m'matangadza izi zikhoza kugulidwa ndi anagulitsa tsiku lonse. Kuthetsa ntchito ndi 0.5% ya chuma cha. Izi ndi mwayi waukulu ETF kuti PIF.

The MICEX index zikuphatikizapo magawo a 45 makampani waukulu. zolemera, anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi capitalization, koma sangakhale oposa 15%. The makampani waukulu ali anaikira chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito anthu. Kwa iye ndipo anapanga mtengo wa magawo. The zolowa pafupifupi pa gawo 5% patsogolo kufufuma. Against maziko awa, njira zongopeka ndi aluso. Koma pamapeto pake mawu a ndalama chidwi capitalization yaing'ono adzapereka bwino chifukwa ndalama.

ziwerengero

The ETF choyamba pansi pa dzina TIP 35 chinalembedwa pa Toronto Stock Kusinthanitsa mu 1990, namtsata Iye mu 1993, panali US S & P 500 SPDR, womwe poyamba ankatchedwa kazitape, ndi NASDAQ 100. Mu 2000s, ndi ndalama msika ndi zikuphulika. Masiku ano, pali 4724 ndalama. okwana chuma chawo - waima pa $ 2,867 trilioni, amene $ biliyoni 127 nkhani kwa okha S & P 500. ndalama Index mu Russia poyamba anaonekera mu 2013 .. Kenako Moscow katundu kuwombola izo anawalemba pansi pa dzina la ETF FinEx. Kufalitsa RF ETF ndi Lamulo Chilamulo "Pa msika sheya". Yogwira mabuku malonda kukula ETF inayamba mu 2013. Chifukwa chakuti ndalama anasamutsidwa ndalama mwagwirizana ndalama mu pachaka buku malonda ETF wakhala kuposa $ 2 thililiyoni, ponso 27%.

ETF vs Fund nonse

Index Ndalama magawo ofanana mwagwirizana ndalama zochokera i zingapo:

• kasamalidwe Professional (wotsogolera Fund nonse amalowerera ndi ETF - kampani, amene invests ndalama izo).
• Low "pakhomo" athandizira (ETF mu chopereka osachepera adzakhala mtengo wa gawo, mu PIF - osachepera kuchuluka anakhazikitsa malonda wothandizila).
• Osiyana a chuma.

ETF amasiyana mwagwirizana ndalama pa magawo amenewa:

• Mkulu liquidity. Mu ETF akhoza kuwagula ndi kuwagulitsa tsiku lonse.
• Mwagwirizana Fund mtengo wagawo ndi kuchita masamu pa tsiku la mtengo kakatundu ukonde. ETF mtengo amasintha iliyonse chachiwiri.
• Magawo a mwagwirizana ndalama singagule kwa ngongole ndalama. "Popezera mpata" angagwiritsidwe ntchito ETF lapansi.
• ndalama nonse mukhoza kusinthanitsa yekha m'dziko lina, pamene magawo - pa kuwombola aliyense.
• Pakuti mwagwirizana ndalama, mosiyana ETF ndi, zingakhalepo kwa Commission.

kapangidwe msika

The ndalama msika index lagawidwa chachikulu (nkhani ndi chiwombolo mwa magawo) ndi sekondale (katundu chithandizo). Kupeza msika chachikulu ali ovomerezeka okha ophunzira. Iwo kuyambitsa nkhani ya magawo, mwachitsanzo kusintha ndalama m'matangadza, ndi kusunga njira n'zosiyana - .. Chiyani kumasulidwa. Magawo owomboledwa magawo pa TH 50. Magawo. Kale mu msika yachiwiri ya anthu zachilengedwe ndi malamulo nawo wotuluka yogula ndi kugulitsa Bank wa Central.

malamulo m'munsi

The US ndalama index zimatsatira lamulo la 1940, limene anachita nawo mwagwirizana ndalama za boma. Ngakhale ETF sizili angapo mbali mwagwirizana ndalama. Nthawi zina mu mawonekedwe a ndalama kukhulupirira kenako kulembetsa mwa gawo.

ndalama European zochokera UCITS malangizo anavomera mu 2009. mbali Chawo: lotseguka kwa ndalama zonse, lamulo okhwima chuma ndi kayendetsedwe ka Kuwulura. Pa nthawi yomweyo, thumba anapezerapo ku Luxembourg kapena Ireland kuti akalowe mu European Union.

Features a chamoyo

Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mmene kumanga ETFs. Poyamba, kampani kawirikawiri amaika ndalama zonse zomwe anapeza chuma ndi Investor a. Nthawi zambiri 5-10% zambiri anabwereka ndalama allocated kugula zam'tsogolo pa chuma motengera ndi index. Otsala 90% ya kampani mwina kutaya pa nzeru zake. Koma ayenera kubwerera ndalama pa anthu, kutenga nkhani wolonjezedwa mlingo adzabweranso. Kuti, ETF sakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo.

Chachiwiri, ambiri a ndalama alibe nazo Bank Central. Iwo lithe index khalidwe. Pakuti ichi ndi pangano ndi banki pa nzeru utuluke ndalama. A bungwe ngongole ayenera kupereka zosonyezera adzabwere amene iye amamulandira ndalama kuchokera chuma ndi thumba la. Chonchi mbiri pafupifupi 90% ya padera ndalama. Ngati index wabweretsedwa ndalama zoposa mbiri ya Bank ku Central, Fund amalandira malipiro ku banki. Mu zinthu zosiyana, iye anapereka banki kusiyana.

kuopsa banki

Kuopsa ndi index ndalama akhoza sasiya index lapansi. Kukhala ndi magawo onse amene ali m'gulu la index ndi wodula. Lililonse woyang'anira amayesetsa kupanga mbiri ndi sikuti apange m'malo chokwanira cha Bank wa Central. Ndanenera kale, kuti si makampani onse pakuika m'matangadza. Ena apanga index kudzera madipoziti banki. ndalama amenewa ali amapanga ofanana ndi ofanana nawo ngongole. Iwo ali chiopsezo chobisika. Ngati banki amapita zinatha, 10% ya ina adzakhala yomweyo anataya. Onse a Investor adzakhala angathe kulandira mu mawonekedwe a ngongole zopereka.

nkhani mtengo

Ie. kuti alenge ETF ananenedwa ndi RTS, kugula zam'tsogolo pa index lapansi. Mwagwirizana index ndalama ndi mtengo kuposa chuma, amene iwo kubwereza. Pankhani ya zogula kakatundu ayenera kulipira $ 3000, ndipo kugula zam'tsogolo - $ 300. The ndalama otsala akhoza adzaikidwa pa gawo.

N'loonadi okha kuti zam'tsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa RTS ziri miyezi itatu. Ie 4 pa chaka muyenera kusamutsa malo - kusintha tsogolo wina ndi mzake. Index ndalama kugwira ntchito imeneyi popanda nawo Investor lapansi. Yokwaniritsira ndi nkhani kuwombola anapatsa 2 p. Ndalama zogulira kugula ndi kugulitsa zam'tsogolo. Kutanthauza ntchito adzakhala 4 p. kapena 0,044% ndalama. Kwa chaka kulipira 0,17%. kunyamula zofunika yekha chuma madzi. Ndipo saali index zam'tsogolo. Ndiko kuti, kubwereza malo muyenera kugula mapangano angapo kapena kugula masheya pa kuphana angapo. Zimenezi ndalama.

Kusamala zam'tsogolo chifukwa kusintha chofukizira tsiku lililonse malinga ndi mphamvu mtengo. Kuchepetsa yokonza pansipa zotsatira mlingo preset mwa chakuti Investor ayenera kulipira ndalama otsala mwinamwake malo zake mokakamiza anatseka ndi patsikulo.

index thumba strategy ayenera kupereka mawu osiyanasiyana zimenezi. pangano latsopano ndalama zambiri pa maziko a nyamuka mitengo.

kuopsa kupatula

Pamene "Chabwino" mapangidwe thumba ayenera kugula okhawo zida kuti aphatikizidwa index, ndi chiŵerengero amene ali chibadidwe index lapansi. vuto loyamba. woyang'anira ayenera kukhala ndi magawo a makampani omwe zaka 2 ndi sayembezereka kuonjezera, chifukwa iwo alipo mu index lapansi. vuto chachiwiri. Ngati kampani kamayamba kukula ndipo amasonyeza azimuth zabwino mu msika, bwana sangathe kupeza magawo a kampani kuposa kulemera mu index lapansi. Komanso, pamene Bank ku Central adzauka mtengo, ndipo gawo kampani mu index wa kuposa phindu pazipita, ulamuliro akanati kugulitsa Bank wa Central.

thumba chomangira index kulamulira. Onse mabungwe ena ndalama kugwiritsa ntchito njira za kasamalidwe chiopsezo, Kuchepetsa pamaso pa msika ndi zomvetsa. Pankhani ya thumba index, inu mukuona momwe ndalama zochepa zotsatirazi kuchepa mu index lapansi.

Kodi kusankha maziko

Chinthu choyamba ndi Investor ayenera kudziwa kuti zimene yeniyeni index kupatula. Popanda woyenera luso ndi kusanthula lofunika kuthana ndi vutoli kudzakhala kovuta. Index ndalama ntchito ndi m'matangadza, mgwirizano, uphungu msika, ndipo ngakhale malo. PowerShares DB US thumba amalondola kusintha dola ndi yuro, yen, mapaundi, Swiss Franc ndi korona. Kuchokera pa deta kwaiye USDX index. United States chofunika Index amalondola chofunika zam'tsogolo ndi iShares Global Malo index m'mabaibulo Cohen & WOYENDETSA Global Realty. The Investor novice bwino kuphunzira akalozera otchuka S & P 500 kapena MICEX. Malinga ndi iye n'kosavuta kusonkhanitsa mfundo ndi mosavuta yerekezerani zochitika za pa.

Posankha thumba ayenera kulabadira i awiri: kukula kwa Commission ndi index zogwirizana. Ikuluikulu thumba, ndi zokayikitsa bankirapuse ake mofulumira. General zokhudza ndalama Russian ndi mwagwirizana ndalama akupezeka pa "League National wa Management Companies". Ngakhale ndi lamulo, ndalama onse ayenera kuti afotokoze nthawi zonse ntchito yake, pambuyo posankha bungwe enieni akhale fufuzani malipoti azachuma pa webusaiti ya Fund.

M'pofunikanso kulabadira gawo osachepera. Chiwalo "VTB - MICEX Index" kungakhale rubles 5000, ndi "BCS - MICEX." - 50000 p. ndalama Russian mlandu komishoni kuposa US. Kuchuluka kwa thumba Malipilo zikuphatikizapo ntchito, depository, Auditor, kaundula, appraiser ndi ndalama iwo amene ali recoverable. kukula awo pazipita m'kaundula mu mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, ndi 3,7% mu "VTB". Only patapita kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane nkhani zonse ayenera kusankha bwanji kuti aganyali nazo.