Emigrant - munthu othawa kwawo, oukira kapena kungoti kapolo wa zinthu?

Kuwuluka chaka, dziko akupitiriza kayendedwe ake, ngakhale maiko ali mu gulu zonse. Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malamulo ndipo pali yokha. Kodi tinganene chiyani za zodabwitsazi mu moyo wa anthu ndiponso mayiko payekha, emigration.

Emigrant - ndani izi?

Akuyendera ku chidziwitso cha zina zabwino zonse, m'pofunika kumvetsa tanthauzo. Nanga ndi emigration ndi amene ali osamuka? Ndi nzika amene akufuna paokha amasamukira ku mayiko ena. Emigration, mosiyana ndi zochitika pamwamba ananena kuti chifukwa osati ndi malamulo a chilengedwe. Iye ndi m'bale wake - m'dziko (sizikusokonezani mfundo awiri awa, ndi zosiyana kwambiri tanthauzo), kumachitika zosiyanasiyana zifukwa zina, monga kupondereza ndale, nkhondo, osauka mfundo ndi zachuma amoyo, masoka ndi opangidwa ndi masoka, banja reunification , mitundu ndi zipembedzo mikangano, ndi zina zotero. d.

Munthu sayenera kusokoneza anthu awa ndi osamukawo (amene anasintha okhala m'dera la boma yomweyo). Emigrant - munthu chikubwera m'dzikoli, monga ngati pamwamba, ndipo ankawoloka malire a boma, mwa kulankhula kwina, kupita kupitirira.

ena terminology

Ndi emigration akuti unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mawu ena mfundo zomwe kulola kuzindikira zambiri akamanena za ndondomekoyi. Mukhoza kuyamba ndi nthambi ya sayansi, chifukwa chomwe ife tiri nacho chidziwitso cha chitukuko kapena akuchuluka wa chodabwitsa tiganizire. Ndi za migratsiologii.

Malinga ndi iye, mu obwera akuti (ndi kunja kwake kwa dziko) ndi mtundu wa loyang'ana, tanthauzo moyang'anana ndi matanthauzo: ndi anthu obwera. Izi munthu M'malo mwake, kulowa dziko. Ndiko kuti, munthu akasankha khalidwe linalake monga zogona latsopano okhazikika.

Iwo mwamphamvu kugwirizana ndi mfundo emigration Re-emigration, kutanthauza adzabwerenso "mwana wolowerera" (emigrant) mu dziko limene anasamukira. Zinthu zimathandiza kuti zodabwitsazi, kawirikawiri zinthu kusintha kwa ndale, chikhalidwe, za malonda kapena Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zachilengedwe. Zonse ziri bwino, mavuto unali utatha, bwanji abwerere kwawo?

Imodzi mwa njira zofunika kuti ali kwambiri kuchita ndi emigration, kapena kukhala enieni kwambiri, ndi imodzi mwa magawo ake, ndi repatriation - ndi kufika mu dziko, amene akhoza kukhala malo a munthu, koma anali kamodzi wa makolo ake.

othawa andale

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu emigration ali woyamba wa zinthu zandale. chiwerengero cha osamuka si choncho kwambiri, koma munthu kuti achoke dziko lakwawo, muli kuyesera kukhala wabwino, sichoncho inu? Tanthawuzo la "othawa kwawo ndale" ali zimachitika munthu amene wakhala kuti achoke kwawo chifukwa cha zipembedzo, mitundu, ndale, Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira kuponderezedwa ndiponso kuzunzidwa, komanso chifukwa cha malingaliro mtundu monyanyira ndi zina zotero.

Wotchuka othawa ndale zinawonongeka panthawi zosiyanasiyana kuchoka m'dziko lawo, anali motere:

• AV Litvinenko - msilikali wakale KGB, ndipo kenako FSB Russia, anatsutsa Russian boma mode ndi kutsogolera malamulo a V. V. Putina. Iye anapatsidwa m'mene angatetezedwe ndale Britain.
• BA Berezovsky - Russia a boma ndi ndale chithunzi, wamalonda, amene anasamuka ku United Ufumu chifukwa kukukhala malemeredwe milandu chigawenga pa milandu ya katangale, poyesa kuti akagwire mphamvu, ndalama mwachinyengo, komwe adalandira m'mene angatetezedwe ndale.
• E. Snowden - wakale US CIA kugwira ntchito ndi US NSA wapatsidwa m'mene angatetezedwe afika la Russia mogwirizana ndi mlandu kuba a boma katundu, komanso espionage.

Kusamukira posachedwapa

Pamodzi ndi mitundu yonse ya atsamunda kumeneko, ndipo subtype izi ndi osamuka Transitional - ndi nzika kuchoka kumudzi kwawo ndi kusamukira kukhazikikamo mu maiko oyandikana. Pa zitsanzo kusankha awiri a gulu odziwika bwino kwambiri za anthu amenewa, omwe panopa akhoza zambiri kumva nkhani. Tonga malo wotanganidwa obwera chosakhalitsa USA - anthu Kusamukira ku United States kuchokera ku dziko la North ndi ku Central America, komanso (chifukwa ziriri pano), othawa ku zigawo kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa Ukraine, mwamsanga kusamukira ku Russia. Zifukwa ali osiyana. Ngati osayamba kuti nkhani otsika kwambiri ndalama, magulu ambiri a Ukrainians amakonda m'dera la Chitaganya cha Russia chifukwa nkhondo inayambika.

aluntha emigration

Pansi emigration aluntha (mwa kulankhula kwina, ubongo kuda) amatanthauza kuchoka kwa anthu ndi maphunziro apamwamba, Ambuye, madigiri digirii m'mayiko ena. Amenewa amachokera chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, sipangakhalenso anafotokoza zitsanzo zotsatirazi: wotsika kwambiri kutchuka kwa udindo wasayansi mu dziko; kuchepa thupi zomangamanga, kutchinga kuthekera anapeza; Maboma mbali; zochepa thandizo la ndalama, komanso malipiro otsika, etc. Emigration, ngati lingaliro la expat - .. uyu si umboni wopambana wa boma lililonse. mlingo wake mapulogalamu, pazinthu, anthu a outflow ku dziko, kutanthauza kuti palibe malo oyenera iwo. Ambiri ozindikira emigration sachedwa m'mayiko osauka Mwachitsanzo, akale madera European ili East ndi Asia South ndipo Africa. Mawu akuti "ubongo kuda" alinso, mwatsoka, chikukhudza mayiko kale zokomera ili mu Europe.

Russian emigration

Kunyamuka kwa malire monga limati Union, ndi Russia makono ndipo ndi malo kukhala ndi mosiyana m'mayiko ena, ndondomeko akhoza kugawidwa mu mitsinje anayi (yoweyula). Choyamba anati nthawi ndi pambuyo Civil Nkhondo Russia. Mmodzi wa osamuka otchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyi anali ngati otchuka a sayansi ndi luso monga V. K. Zvorykin, F. I. Shalyapin, N. O. Lossky, Na Berdyaev ndi ena. Yoweyula chachiwiri zinachitika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mtsinje wachitatu anthu ochokera amatanthauza nthawi ya "nkhondo ozizira", ndiye zaka 50-90. Yoweyula chachinayi anadza mu nthawi ya azingokhala wa USSR. Iwo anali kugwirizana ndi kusiyana maganizo andale, komanso zosakhalitsa akuchuluka a muyezo ndi zachuma a moyo. Pa gawo pano ali ndi vuto la outflow ya anthu akomweko, makamaka asayansi kwambiri ndi yunivesite.