Infusorian lipenga: kapangidwe, kubereka, ubwino wa chilengedwe

Internet onse ladzala ndi nkhani za ciliate-nsapato. Ngakhale zokhudza lipenga osauka kwambiri, kuwerenga iwo si kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mwayi, osati kuwerengera chakuti ndi imodzi mwa anthu ambiri mayiwe. Infusorian lipenga nthawi zina kolakwika kwa suvoek kapena rotifers. Nkhani podziwa anthu sizikuwoneka ngati choonadi, ochepa akhoza kukhulupirira kuti pali mu dziko ngati mogwirizana zodabwitsa.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Dzina la ciliates ndi odziwikiratu. Imachokera maonekedwe ake. Mawonekedwe a thupi lake ciliate Stentor akufanana galamafoni lipenga kapena nyanga. Iwo ali kufanana ndi phesi bwino kuwonjezera, imene mapeto amapita ku zitsulo komanso chida mphepo. Komabe, infusoria amenewa pamene bata yekha. Ngati akawinduka, ndi chifukwa ulusi minofu yake, kamodzi izo zimakhala ngati chibaluni.

Madzi oyera ciliate-blowers ndi banja la "Blowers", umene uli mtundu Stentor (Blower). Dzina Stentor opezeka nthano zakale Greek. Ndi mthenga ndi mawu amphamvu, ankaperekerako kulengeza za malamulo a mfumu.

Stentor: kufotokoza mwachidule

Mwachidule kuika, zimene Stentor, iwo akuyandama ndi sessile ciliates. Ciliate-blower (Kufotokoza mwa chidule): mmunsi ndi reducible elongated tsinde amene ali ndi mphamvu phiri infusorian kuti zinthu womvera madzi. Zimenezi chikuchitika ndi thandizo la ntchofu tochoka Stentor.

Pakuwoneratu ngozi phesi woimba lipenga ndi liwiro akuyamba kuchepa, pa nthawi ino mtembo wake wothinikizidwa. Kupulumutsa moyo wake infusorian blower zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwa tuzigawo twa angapo a wachiwiri kwa theka la utali wa! Mu malo koyamba, limabwerera pang'onopang'ono nthawi ino ali masekondi 10. Kuchepetsa ankalimbikitsa ndi kukhalapo mu selo ulusi minofu.

Komanso, ali ndi mphamvu chidwi kwa chitetezo. Infusorian lipenga ali pa thupi osawerengeka wanu timabowo ting'onoting'ono amene ndodo zibisika ndi nsonga wakuda, munali poizoni. Munthu, anakantha zida zotere analumala yomweyo, mu nkhani zikachitika, umafa.

Infusorian kufalikira pa liwilo. Mafotokozedwe ndi kuphweka ndi chomasuka kusuntha cysts ake anamaliza mphepo waterfowl, tizilombo ndiponso zinthu zina zamoyo. Cysts anapanga pa kutentha m'munsimu 0 digiri C.

maonekedwe

Stentor thupi khalidwe nyuzi woboola mtundu, mapeto ake kutsogolo mwakulitsa nyuzi a. Ndi peristomalnoe munda mphepete akunja amene kuphatikiza cilia awo yaitali membranelly Fomu ili pafupi cavities wapakamwa.

Melenkie cilia pansi Kakhungu yophimba mizere kotenga wa ciliates thupi lonse. Pali mitundu thupi lake kodi mtundu wa chibadidwe: lipenga buluu kapena buluu ndi wobiriwira lipenga.

The ciliates ndi kukula kwa 1.2 mamilimita 3 mm. maonekedwe awo akhoza kukhala motere:

• Mobile.
• mipando.
• Atsamunda.
• Single.
• Kusintha mawonekedwe maselo.
• Kodi sangasinthe mawonekedwe a maselo.

Pamwamba pa khungu yokutidwa endoplasm ndi maganizo siderogenous, ndi wandiweyani ndithu chipolopolo.

Infusorian lipenga: systematics

Ngati tikulingalira malipenga mu mawu a taxonomy, izi ndi losavuta mu ciliates wagawo raznoresnichnyh. Mofanana ndi achibale, pa thupi lawo cilia ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana - yochepa yaitali.

Short cilia, amene ankatanthauza kusambira, Stentor thupi aphimbidwa wogawana. Long nsidze ali pafupi pakamwa, chomamatira wina ndi mnzake. Iwo amatumikira kulongosola madzi pakamwa kutsegula. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa iwo samaoneka, kupatula m'litali, kapangidwe ka chimodzimodzi.

chakudya

Khalidwe zosavuta ntchito zonse moyo, kuphatikizapo chakudya. The chakudya chomwecho ndi mmene chimbudzi pa Stentor - funso chidwi kwambiri. Infusorian lipenga amaona mabakiteriya yake yaikulu chakudya. Pamodzi ndi zinthu izi edible komanso ang'ono mogwirizana, algae zomera ndi particles ena madzi. Childs, malipenga chophwanya malamulo a zimango, anawonjezera kusambira patsogolo kumapeto kwa thupi. Izi zoyenda pang'onopang'ono amawathandiza bwinobwino analanda nyama anafuna. Chabwino chakudya wolowera pakamwa zambiri pakhosi trubkovidnuyu. Zatsalira pambuyo chimbudzi kuwonjezera kunja kupyolera poroshitsu.

Ciliates ndi cholengedwa voracious, iye nthawi zonse pamene lidatsegula pakamwa pake, iye nthawi zonse zoyendetsedwa. Only m'nyengo kuswana, ndondomeko izi kutsazikana. Ambiri a iwo ankaona adani.

njira ya moyo

Waukulu zolimbana malo ali pakati Stentor. Iwo apangidwa kuonetsetsa kuti njira zonse mu selo likhoza chitani kuyan'anila bwino ndipo mwamsanga tikonze. Ciliate blower ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa mwamsanga kubweretsa thupi mawonekedwe choyambirira pambuyo choipa. Ngakhale pamene kusema magawo angapo, aliyense wa iwo patapita kanthawi inasanduka Stentor yaing'ono, ndiye kudya mofulumira, amapeza kukula wapachiyambi.

Chinthu chokha chimene inu muyenera kuchita - ndi kukhalapo mu mpumulo wa macronucleus. Pamene kutenga dontho la madzi dziwe ndi masamba akugwa ndi kuziyika izo pansi maso, muli ndi mwayi kusunga moyo oimira aang'ono awa a dziko la nyama tosaoneka ndi maso, umene uli osangalatsa kwambiri.

Stentor: kapangidwe mkati

Mu Stentor mmodzi contractile vacuole. Amakhala ndi thanki ndi njira chifukwa. Mbali khalidwe lomwe ndi dongosolo la ciliates - ndi lalikulu pakati macronucleus. Womutsatira, pali zingapo micronuclei yaing'ono.

Tilinso ndi lipenga ndi pakati yaing'ono, nthawi zina padzakhala angapo. Kapangidwe ka ciliates monga akutulukira m'mimba vacuole, cilia, makhiristo, pakamwa, m'mimba vacuole, kuchotsa malo chakudya (poroshitsa), phata ndi nucleolus, ndi contractile vacuole.

Ciliates lipenga: kubalana

Stentor khalidwe asexual kubalana. Iwo ikuchitika ndi yopingasa magawano fission angapo kapena ikuphukira mu awiri amene amakhala zimachitika mu chikhalidwe svobodnopodvizhnom.

Pamene asexual kubalana ndi kugawikana kwa mtima wonse, ndondomeko pa lipenga mobwerezabwereza kawiri kapena katatu pa mlungu intervals osiyana. Mlingo wa mtundu uwu wa kubalana zimadalira pa zifukwa zosiyana, ndi, poyamba pa zonse, momwe zachilengedwe ziriri: kutentha, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, etc.

Micronucleus magawano amapezeka mitonicheski. Macronucleus poyamba kugawidwa ndi yodziwika ndi anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri wa DNA. Pamene kugawa ciliates angaone ena organelles cytoplasmic. Kawirikawiri, iwo ali osiyana anthu amene adzathe anapanga nsidze latsopano ndi pakamwa kutsegula.

Ciliate akuyamba mwamphamvu kudyetsa ndi kukula, kenako wachulukitsa kachiwiri. Asayansi phunziro ambiri zatsopano funso, motalika chotani nyama kubereka asexually.

Zatsopano asonyeza kuti mu mibadwo ochepa mu mkombero moyo wa ciliates ayenera kukhala kugonana kubalana kapena conjugation ndondomeko, imene anthu awiri amakhudzana ndi aliyense mimba ina. Pamphambano ya mthunzi amasungunula kupanga mlatho cytoplasmic. Macronucleus zimasiya kugwira muchigawane mu 4 microcores pachimake. Atatu a iwo anali inawonongedwa, ndipo lachinayi ndi gulu theka. Zotsatira - mapangidwe mtima mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense ciliates.

Choncho, kugonana kubalana ndondomeko sikumangotikhudza kuwonjezeka a Stentor. Iye yekha kumathandiza kuti kulenganso katundu cholowa ndi zikamera wa ma watsopano mudziwe chibadwa.

Stentor: kufunika chikhalidwe

Ciliates, ngati yosavuta ena, ndi mbali ya anamwino, madzi Choonekera kuchokera kwa kuipitsidwa ndi kudya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuvunda zotsalira organic. Ndi chiwerengero cha nyama mukhoza kudziwa mlingo wa kuipitsa madzi.

Stentor mu unyolo chakudya ndi chinthu chimodzi choyamba. Ngati zimene zimachititsa zinthu zabwino, iwo kubereka mofulumira kwambiri, ndi anthu enanso ambirimbiri amene yosavuta kukhala amakonda nsomba wamng'ono, nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, tizilombo ndi mphutsi malo awo. Yotsirizira nawonso, kukhala chakudya Madamu kwambiri lalikulu nyama ndi mwachangu nsomba.

Kukamba za timeneti chodabwitsa wamphamvu. Infusorian lipenga, ndi phindu lomwe chikhalidwe cha masiku ano ndi chinsinsi, kukakamiza asayansi ntchito pa kufunafuna mayankho zonse za nyama. zotsalira yambiri pofuna kudziwa ndi kumvetsa zazing'ono.