Izitu n'zovutitsa, Zotengera, nthabwala mabuku - izo ... kuwerenga yonse ya azithunzithunzi

Choyamba, m'pofunika chimatanthauza azithunzithunzi. Ichi ndi chida chapadera chimene chimathandiza kutsegula, kuti kuthetseratu zotsutsana moyo, ndi kuseka mwachizolowezi. Nthabwala mu mabuku, zikusiyana izi zikhoza zindikirani kokha pa mlingo mawu, chiwembu chimachititsanso (pamene ngwazi Mwachitsanzo, igwera mu zochitika zina zoseketsa) kapena mu chikhalidwe (kuchepa kudzidalira yekha khalidwe chosiyana kwa lolingalira).

Kumene, kuseka kuseka ndewu. Zotengera ndi nthabwala mabuku - ndi mfundo ziwiri zosiyana. Ngati choyamba mtima aseka mawonekedwe a buku kapena lalifupi nkhani, yotsirizira wakonda kudzudzula mwamphamvu Makhalidwe ndi zochita zoipa. Ndipo ali kutali kwambiri ndi nkhani zoseketsa Shukshin oyambirira Chekhov - komanso timabuku Swift - grotesque ndi phantasmagoric unjoinable plexus. Mtundu uwu wa kuseka alibe mokondwera.

Nthabwala mabuku - ziri ...

mtundu imatengedwa kuti ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ambiri a azithunzithunzi ndi. Mosiyana, ndi bwino Zotengera, bezzloben, ngakhale lopanda ndi kusalekerera ena. cholinga Aika - kuthandiza khalidwe kuchotsa makhalidwe awo oipa. Nthabwala mu mabuku - ndi mndandanda wa zinthu azithunzithunzi, zolakwa manyazi. Komabe, ngwazi chifukwa sanasiye chikoka, zomwe n'zosatheka "Miyoyo Akufa" ndi "History of Town ndi". Literature akutsimikizira icho. Sancho Panza ndi chimake cha khalidwe limeneli. Iye ali kutali ndi abwino: wamantha, nthawi zonse kutsogoleredwa ndi m'mphawi wake mwanzeru, nchifukwa chake iye salola iye adzivulaze yekha.

Mbali yaikulu ya nthabwala - pamene mokoma kuseka pa munthu, mulibe zindikirani pamene inu kuyamba kulabadira zolakwa zawo, yesetsani kusintha. Kugwiritsa ntchito Baibulo ili la azithunzithunzi walola kuti mupeze mu misala wanzeru, wooneka - chapamwamba, ndikupeza tanthauzo lenileni la wopulupudza lapansi. Popanda nthabwala sangakhoze kukhala moyo munthu aliyense, ngakhale mitundu wake wachisoni ndi mu malo. Remarque kamodzi anati, tikuseka ndi nthabwala konse chifukwa anapatsidwa nthabwala. Ndipo chifukwa popanda, ife tatayika.

Ntchito embodying zinthu nthabwala, mu mabuku ambiri Russian. Iyi ndi nkhani ya Gogol, ndi pati sewerolo Ostrovsky, Chekhov. mabuku Soviet anatipatsa Zoshchenko, Bulgakov, Shukshin ndi ena ambiri. Komanso, pali nthabwala mu mabuku ana (wotchuka "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Tom Sawyer").

Izitu n'zovutitsa

Izitu n'zovutitsa chimasiyanitsa analandiridwa zapadera pamene zoona, tanthauzo zoipa watero ndi zobisika kuseri mbali kunja positive. Mu kuseka owawa kale amapeza mtundu. Yerekezerani zitsanzozi nthabwala mabuku ndi ntchito Izitu n'zovutitsa zina za mu ndakatulo ya Nekrasov. Mwachitsanzo, mu "KALISTRATOV" zotsatira azithunzithunzi zachokera chitsutso akulonjeza mayi kuti mwana wake adzakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa ndi chenicheni cha mwana m'mphawi a anthu kuti.

Pofuna kumvetsa Izitu n'zovutitsa, nthawi zonse muyenera kuganizira yonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chichikov "Miyoyo Yakufa," mkulu wa apolisi akuitana bwino kuwerenga munthu. Zikuoneka kuti mawu amenewa palibe chimene chimathandiza kukayikira kulephera wake. Komabe, kenako owerenga anapitiriza kuti: "Takhala (kuti ndi mkulu wa apolisi) usiku chilichonse pa whist." The Izitu n'zovutitsa, komanso nthabwala mabuku - ndi mgwirizano wa madongosolo awiri, conventionally amatchedwa anapatsidwa ndi mopepuka. Komabe, mu nkhani ya "Miyoyo Akufa" ndi digiri ya chonyozetsa kusekedwa chinthu pamwamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo mugawo ili ikuchitika chiphunzitso, sangathe nthawi zonse kutsogoleredwa kuchita.

Zotengera

Ngati nthabwala mu mabuku - ndi kunyozedwa mwachizolowezi wa munthu, Zotengera za umalimbana mbali ya cikhalidwe ofunika kutsutsa. Kukwaniritsa otsiriza, kawirikawiri okarikaturivaniya, kwenikweni, chithunzi m'njira chotheka. Kuika izi moyerekeza, ndi Zotengera udzapereka dziko lopanda ungwiro, akuchita chirichonse kumanga ndi pulogalamu awo abwino. Zilibe kufunafuna pochitika khalidwe zooneka ngati zenizenidi, iye anola, exaggerates izo, izo zimabweretsa kwa chotheka.

A chitsanzo chapadera cha Zotengera - "The Master ndi Margarita" ndi Bulgakov. Special kuwalakwira kunyozedwa "Griboyedov House", umene kuyambira kanthu mabuku kumanzere, ndipo zitseko zonse bungwe "chikhalidwe" Anapachikidwa zizindikiro "nsomba chilimwe zogona gawo."

Kulunjika Zotengera akulongosola chifukwa ambiri a iwo ndiwo mtundu buku. Ndi buku imachititsa monga mmene muzochitika zotheka zenizeni. Mu Zotengera izi zonse yake. Kumene, ngati satirist anayamba poyera si zofunika (kapena yopanda) zolakwa, ndiye iye Kuwopsa kukhala chinthu chosekedwa.

Monyoza

Monyoza Greek ndi anawamasulira - ". Kuzunzidwa" Mtundu uwu wa azithunzithunzi Izitu n'zovutitsa ali pafupi, koma mkwiyo akuwonekera sanadziwa dzudzulani bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu "Duma," wolemba ndakatulo akuti mosinjirira kuti m'nthawi yake achuma mchikuta "zolakwa za makolo awo ndipo kenako maganizo awo." Monyoza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito timabuku ndi ena Mitundu ofanana.

grotesque

M'zaka za m'ma 15, Raphael ndi ophunzira ake pamene zofukulidwa m'mabwinja anapeza zojambula lodabwitsa, lomwe anadziwika monga grotesque (kuchokera ku mawu "grotto"). kulunjika ake ndi zotsatira azithunzithunzi zachokera molumikizana wa weniweni ndi wosangalatsa, ngakhale zosamveka. Wokwanira kukumbukira mphuno kusowa kwa Major Kovalev Gogol bwanankuba kapena mutu n'kuikapo buku Saltykov-Shchedrin a.