Ivan Bunin - woyamba Russian wolemba amene anali kupereka mutu mkulu wa Nobel. mphoto anapatsidwa osati chabe mbuye wamkulu wa mawu, chinenero connoisseur, kuboola lyrics, komanso lonse luso Russian pa nkhope yake, kuti mabuku wokongola wa 19 ndi m'ma 20, chimene iye ankaimira. Wolemba anali tsoka kovuta. Sakuzindikira ulimi wa chaka 17, mantha wamagazi ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni, Bunin kumanzere Russia, osati komabe osadziwa kuti kulekanitsidwa ake poizoni linakhalapo inapitirira kwa zaka zambiri. Koma ngakhale kumeneko, ku ukapolo, Ivan amatsatira yekha, ndithu Russian mu mzimu, mfundo munthu, ndipo mzera uliwonse wa iwo, analembedwa pambuyo kuchoka kwa Russia.
makhalidwe General
Zosonkhanitsira "Mdima makwalala" otsutsa kuitana "tsekwe nyimbo" ya wolemba. Ndithudi, kale lonse, Iye sanalembe ndi moyo ozama lyricism, kotero finely ndi mwabwinobwino, ndi kukhumba wopandamalire ndi chisoni za mwachinsinsi, yowala ndi owawa kumverera - kumverera chikondi. Inde, chikondi - ndi zopanda nzeru, kuti n'zosatheka ndi kuwerengetsera sizikugwirizana mu kama Procrustean wa maganizo mercantilist za ukwati, zinthu zakuthupi ena ngongole. Iye amaona ngati gulugufe zouluka, kuzungulira zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa kapena apulo pamakhala mu gust wa mphepo, iye - ngati sunstroke, kukwapula mwadzidzidzi, kuchokera kosadziwika - ndipo pomwepo, anati Ivan Bunin. "Mdima makwalala", gulu lanyimbo, dzina lake mmodzi wa iwo, limafotokoza mbali zosiyanasiyana za kumverera uku. Koma iwo onse amagwirizana ndi lingaliro chimodzi: chikondi ndi mavuto, chimwemwe anthu sizingatheke mu dziko lino, izo kwambiri Chimaona ndi chiswa pansi mmene zilili monga zamatsenga, wothwanima namuyesa, koma ndi osalimba mphika wakewo.
"Ife tinaima mdima linden Alley ..."
Koma ku kuzungulira. M'zaka zovuta za moyo wake analemba Bunin "Mdima makwalala". Chidule cha iwo akhoza chimatanthauza buku osiyana chikondi AMD. Zojambula analengedwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pamene France anadwala Anazi, ndi mtima wolembayo ankamva kuphwanya nkhawa za tsogolo la Mama. Ivan yekha paumphaŵi chiyembekezo, izo zonse ndekha, nthawi njala, wotopa m'thupi ndipo anasowa. Thandizo kwina kulikonse dikirani, ndi kokha ntchito ankakonda amathandiza potsiriza mtima. Kulira kwa mtima, wosimidwa ludzu kumvetsa, chifundo, chikondi anthu, maganizo enieni - ndicho chimene wodzazidwa Bunin "Mdima makwalala". Short zili lililonse nkhani yochepa akubwera kumene.
Iyi ndi nkhani yoyamba m'chigawo, amene anapereka dzina la kuzungulira. ngwazi wake, kamodzi msilikali wolimba, ndipo tsopano otopa nkhalamba, komabe ikuthamangira ndi wokongola, iye amaphunzira mu mwini nyumba ya alendo chikondi chake choyamba, mdzakazi, mayi, Hope. Poyamba anali ndi wochepa thupi, wooneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo achinyamata Nicholas anapita maganizo ake. Koma, mwachizolowezi, iwo kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, ndi malingaliro, ndi ndakatulo za "makwalala mdima". Zimphona anakwatira mkazi wa bwalo lake, koma analephera. mwana uja atakula ndi scoundrel ndi mkazi spendthrift adamsiya Iye, ndipo iye anali kwambiri wosungulumwa komanso wosasangalala. Izi ndi ndalama kwa mwala wa chikondi, atapereka opatulikitsa - yekha, wake "Ine".
Nkhani yomweyo limafanana ndi nkhani "Rusya" - wochenjera maganizo sewero, limene limatiuza Bunin. "Mdima makwalala" (chidule cha "Lazaro", tikambirana), angatchedwe dzina-fanizo. Si monga ndime mzere - ichi Alley miyoyo ya amasewera awo ambiri ngodya kutali, maloto chinsinsi, kuvutika kukumbukira. Chifukwa gawo la nkhani womwe waperekedwa Poyang'ana m'mbuyo, monga mafotokozedwe a zochitika zakale alibe-palibe ngakhale pops mu maganizo a ngwazi za chisoni zimene mwina akwaniritsidwa, koma sizichitika. Chidziwitso cha kusungulumwa, kulakalaka zakale ndi kuzindikira kuti ndikosatheka wosangalala m'tsogolo - zimenezi ndiye Bunin "Mdima makwalala". Chidule cha "Russia" zimathandiza kumvetsa mmene anavutikira pa mizere yoyamba kwambiri: bwato, zodabwitsa Russian Mtsinje zokongola, banja posachedwapa anakwatirana. Ndi chikumbukiro cha ngwazi za chikondi mokhudza ndi mtsikana amene anakhalapo pano - mu malo omwe amasambira. Osasamala zaka wophunzira, kuledzera usiku wa kundipsompsona, thupi otentha mtsikana, chochitika choyamba chikondi thupi, zosangalatsa misala, ndi chimodzimodzi lakuthwa ululu chakuti mphamvu zoipa yachilendo kugwetsera okonda popanda. "Chimwemwe anali zotheka ... Kotero pafupi ..." Koma sizinachitike.
Ndipo komabe, ngakhale wonse kamvekedwe zomvetsa chisoni, "Mdima njira 'tchuthi wapadera, ŵakusanga kumverera. Nzosadabwitsa wolemba mwiniyo anatcha izo buku zabwino. Collection kwenikweni limatiuza yanthete ndi wokongola, nthawi zina amapereka chisoni mumamva, komanso chimwemwe chochuluka - chikondi. Kukonda mkazi ndi Mama.