Kachisi wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu Kolomenskoye. mipingo Orthodox mu Moscow

Popeza anakwera wachifumu Russian, mfumu yoyamba ya Nyumba ya Romanovs - mfumu Mikhail Fedorovich - ankafuna zimalimbikitsa kukumbukira za ufulu wa dziko amene anachititsa Polish, ndi ulemu wa mwambo umenewu, analamula kuti ayike Mpingo wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Komabe, ntchito yake yabwino amayembekezeka kuchitika kokha mu ulamuliro wotsatira pansi pa mwana wake - Alexis. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali kubadwa kwa mwana wake woyamba - Prince Dimitry.

Kachisi wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu Kolomenskoye

mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti mu 1649 mfumu inaika lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Alexei Mikhailovich churchwide kulambira fano la Amayi a Mulungu, kuwululidwa mwa Kazan. Chotsatira chake chinali kumanga mpingo njerwa mu Yaroslavl kunyumba Komanso inamangidwa ndi odzipereka kachisi wa chizindikiro cha Kazan Amayi a Mulungu mu Kolomenskoye - m'mudzi wakunja kwatawuni, kumene kunali matabwa yachifumu. yomanga Linamalizidwa pasanathe zaka zinayi.

Kachisi - kukumbukira kupambana m'mbuyomu

Izi zisanu ozungulira njerwa mpingo chokongoletsedwa hipped belu nsanja, kuti anapulumuka pafupifupi sichinasinthe. Pali umboni kuti pansi pa mtanda wa mutu wake pakati pali mawu ena omwe limati mpingo wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu inamangidwa pa malo pano woyamba matabwa mpingo mu ulemu wa zaka zana ndi adani a Kazan. Izi mogwirizana ndi limafotokozera mbiri - likulu la Volga Chitata anapambana mu 1552, motero, ndi centenary chochitika ichi chinachitikira ndi nthawi ya ntchito.

Koma mpingo matabwa amene anaima pa malo ichi kale, zikuoneka kuti akubwera anamanga mu mmasate za m'ma XVII ndi amatchulidwa angapo zikalata Kazan mpingo. Mpingo mwambo pa nkhani imeneyi limanena kuti nthawi yake anakonza msasa wawo Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II. Ndi chikumbukiro cha athamangitsidwe wa wonamizira ku Kolomna chinachititsa mfumu chilili ngati chipilala kuti zochitika za zaka.

Kachisi - gawo la zovuta nyumba yachifumu

Mpingo watsopano m'mudzi wa Kolomna anatumikira monga yopemphereramo kunyumba ya mfumu ndipo chikugwirizana ndi mlatho ankakhala ku nyumba kwa mkazi wa mfumu. Ichi chidachitika kutenga nkhani zofunikira za chitonthozo ndi mayiko. Polish nthumwi, yemwe anapita Kolomenskoye mu 1671, mu zolemba zake, limafotokoza angapo kusintha, okongola ndi chikondi ndi chitonthozo anamva masitepe Aletsedwa kuyenda. kutalika okwana anali mamita asanu, m'lifupi - atatu.

Tikumbukenso kuti zinthu zimene kupereka kachisi, anali ofanana kwambiri nyumba ya mtundu uwu mu XVII pakati. Malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, ulemerero wa kachisi si mu m'maganizo njira zake mapulani, ndi kubweretsa ku ungwiro mitundu kale otukuka.

Ntchito yomanga udzatha, kachisi zithunzi Kazan Amayi Kolomenskoye kuchotsedwa mwanaalirenji lolingana udindo wake. Monga mbali ya zovuta yachifumu, iwo anali chokongoletsedwa ndi penti wolemera, mtengo nsalu ndi makalapeti. Kugonana chigawo chapakati cha kachisi ndi malire ake kuti analimbikitsa mwake, ndipo zithunzi zosindikizidwa swaddlingband ndi matawulo. Ambiri a iwo anali mu chosema Kyoto, anapanga bwino Russian ambuye.

Marian kachisi ku likulu

Atatsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfumu nyumba mpingo mu Kolomna inamangidwa ndi kachisi wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu mu Moscow pa Red Square. chikuoneka komanso chifukwa kuyamba churchwide kulambira fano wopatulika, anazindikira mozizwitsa. Amadziwika kuti mwala omangira oyamba wa matabwa anamangidwira mu 1624. Yomanga zinachitikadi likuvutika Dmitriya Pozharskogo pa izi amalumbira. Mosiyana mudziwe zambiri za moyo wa patriot ndi kumbuyo Russia, zambiri limachokera ku magwero zopelekedwa.

Amaganiza kuti, m'mene zinalili pafupi zaka khumi, mpingo atenthedwa, ndipo malo ake yomanga anayamba - njerwa. Nyumba iyi anamangidwira ndalama ndi pa behest wa mfumu achipembedzo Alexey Mikhailovich ndipo linamalizidwa mu 1834. Kenako kachisi kukhala chokongoletsera mapulani a lalikulu linali lofunika kwambiri likulu.

Zochitika za m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi mu moyo mpingo

Mu moyo chisanadze chosintha nthawi kachisi unaturuka mwamtendere ndi bwinobwino. Iye mobwerezabwereza anamanganso ndi kusinthidwa likuvutika othandizira ndalama olemera. Ine anapulumutsa iye ndi moto 1812. An chosaiwalika m'mbiri ya kachisi anayamba kulalikira za kupha banja lachifumu, mawuwa mu 1918, mabishopu, Tikhon.

Koma mu 1936 chisankho boma anali anagwetsa ndiwosayenera Red Square - malo a akuguba wowerengeka ndi zikondwerero. A mpando oyang'anira tauni utsogoleri anakonza kukhazikitsa gulu holo yolandirira Apainiya, koma sachoka okha kumanga ndi chimbudzi anthu. Only mu nineties oyambirira, tchalitchi anamangidwanso mogwirizana ndi zojambula ndipo zithunzi za zaka zapitazi. Komanso kachisi wa chizindikiro cha Kazan Amayi a Mulungu mu Kolomenskoye, izo zikuwoneka ngati amasulidwe dziko Russian kwa adani Polish.

Cathedral pa magombe a Volga

Kupitiriza kukambirana kulemekeza chithunzi chopatulika wina samaiwala kachisi wa Lady Wathu Kazan ku Kazan. Mu 1926 izo inawonongedwa, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri m'gawo lake kuti ntchito zosowa zapakhomo Koma kusankha kwake kulenganso anapangidwa mu November chaka chatha mu mawonekedwe amene kale.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe chake ndi chidwi kwambiri. Iwo amagwirizana ndi kupeza mu 1579 fano chopatulika cha Virgin. Kenako, mwa lamulo Ivana Groznogo Amayi a Mulungu malo amenewa Akatolika inamangidwa, pamene anaika mpingo chipika - kuloŵedwa m'malo a miyala ikuluikulu tchalitchi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti mkati mwa mzinda uwu Muslim kuyambira nthawi yakale selilos anthu ambiri Orthodox. Izi kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti anali kuchita malonda, ndi Volga anali wofunika kwambiri zoyendera njira imene melds kwambiri kuchuluka kwa katundu. Kumene, anafunika mpingo.

Iwo anamangidwira mu 1595. Chifukwa kuchotsa nyumba matabwa a mwala anali moto pafupipafupi zimene zinachitika mu mzinda ndi chilongosoko zinawonongeka kwambiri. Iwo wapita ndi kukonzanso zikuluzikulu mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, kukhazikitsanso ake anamasulidwa ndalama kwambiri, ndipo mu ulamuliro wotsatira, pansi Paulo Ine, anawonongedweratu ndi kumangidwanso pa maziko a bwino ndipo ano kamangidwe.

Mu positi-chosintha nthawi tchalitchi nawo tsoka ambiri a nyumba ya kachisi: pachiyambi izo nationalized ndi ntchito zosowa zapakhomo ndipo kenako chakumene. Ndipo tsopano ayamba ntchito yokonzanso ake. Posachedwapa anthu Orthodox wa Kazan kuwapeza mtundu wapachiyambi. Mwamwayi, ndalama za boma ndi zopereka payekha anasunga kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zikalata zithunzi zojambula zomangamanga, amene ntchito yovutayi adzakhala anaphedwa.