Kafukufuku Impact zolimbana: mitundu, njira khalidwe

Ndondomeko ya ziyenera zolimbana amadza - kupenda chapadera cha zolinga ndi nkhani pagulu (Kupititsa) ulamuliro. Posaka chimango kwa embodiments zina mwa zolinga za tanthauzo la nzika za ubwino ndi ndalama za nchito za malonda ndi zina, ogula, amene imvera chikoka utsogoleri. Timatha kukhala ndi kasamalidwe pulogalamu yothandiza kwambiri. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mfundo za zolimbana njira amadza ziyenera.

mwachidule

Kafukufuku Impact zolimbana imagwiridwa kuonjezera khalidwe kulamulira. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi pogwiritsa ntchito zambiri ofunda kusanthula zotsatira za zimakhudza magulu osiyana siyana ndi anthu onse. Lero, palibe njira yunifolomu ya ziyenera zolimbana amadza. M'mayiko ena, kusanthula izi chili mwa lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, mu malamulo a Switzerland, France, ali ndi chakudya zogwirizana. Pa njira yomweyo ya ziyenera zolimbana amadza zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dongosolo la ndale za dziko. Ofunika posankha njira makamaka ndi anthu madera amene akulankhula kusanthula izi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, osiyana ndi ndondomeko ya ziyenera zolimbana amadza.

Gawo

Mitundu ya ziyenera zolimbana amadza ikhoza kusintha kutengera zikhalidwe za M'mawu ake oyamba mu dziko. Mwachitsanzo, mu Czech Republic, Korea South Mwachitsanzo, ODS zovuta si anapereka. Koma nthawi yomweyo ananena i ambiri umene kuwunika umayamba pa umboni wa nchito zake. zina ziyenera zolimbana amadza ndi mwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo. Makamaka mu Canada ndi US Mwachitsanzo, ODS imagwiridwa nsembe ya buku kwa ndalama kwa bajeti. Impact ziyenera zolimbana wopereka Netherlands ndi UK kupanga yoyenera utsogoleri lamulo.

masiteji Waukulu

Kutsogoleredwa ophunzitsira zipangizo PB Dipatimenti Australia, lomwe ulamuliro woyenera, zolimbana amadza ziyenera zikuphatikizapo mapazi a:

1. Chiphunzitso ndi kumasulira kwa vutolo.
2. Umboni wa kufunika kukhazikitsa ODS.
3. Kuona ndondomeko ikutha.
4. Kufotokozera za embodiments mwina ntchito.
5. Analysis m'malo a kumatanthauza (kuphatikizapo, ndi poona ubwino ndi ndalama).
6. Pazokambirana.
7. Kutsiliza pa ziyenera zolimbana amadza.
8. Akuphedwa zomwe anasankhidwa ndi wotsatira polojekiti.

Chimango malamulo

Pofuna kukhazikitsa Pulezidenti Watsimikiza 7.05.2012 anayamba kupanga ndi ovomerezedwa ndi Chilamulo Federal, amene amasankha kusintha kwa lamulo la feduro kukhazikitsa mfundo za matupi woimirira ndi wamkulu wa boma mphamvu ya zigawo RF ndi Art. 46 7 Chilamulo Federal lolamulira i wamkulu wa gulu la Kupititsa (wamba) wodzilamulira mu la Russia. kusintha zikugwirizana ndi nkhani za malangizo zolimbana amadza ziyenera ndipo akatswiri awo. Chilamulo envisaged kuphatikiza pologalamu ya kusanthula zikalata zaboma anakonza mu zigawo komanso mizinda yambiri ya dziko. Komanso, motsatira malamulo a akuchita mosamala malamulo alipo. Cholinga cha zowonjezera izi amachita kupereka mfundo ndi thandizo methodological kuti formations oyang'anira tauni pa kukhazikitsa adziwe zolimbana cha mphamvu Institute mu ndondomeko malamulo.

The kulunjika zotsatira za

Khalidwe la boma lamulo chuma masiku ano, ndi bwino umoyo ndi zachuma chitukuko cha dziko. Mitembo ya utsogoleli boma ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira mwadongosolo kuti n'zotheka kuonetsetsa Mwachangu pazipita ndondomeko malamulo. Osaphunzira osauka khalidwe lamulo zoipa zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pamene kusowa kwa amadza bwino zolimbana, ndalama mkulu wa kugwilizana ndi miyezo yovomerezeka kwa anthu ndi malonda, ndi kobvuta ndi ndondomeko BOMA kumachitika ukuwonjezeka. Zonsezi n'kukumana ndi kulephera kukwaniritsa zolinga.

The kulunjika wa mchikhalidwe

Kwambiri zokhudza malamulo pa boma malamulo, amene amakonzedwa ndi kutengedwa pa milingo boma ndi oyang'anira tauni ya subjectivity, zimakhudza zofuna za strata osiyana siyana. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pa chitukuko cha ntchito zawo ayenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri zokhudza zotsatira ayenera kukhazikitsa awo kuchita kwa munthu kapena gulu lina la anthu. Pamodzi ndi ichi, pa siteji iyi, njira zambiri kukhudzana akhoza chosokonezedwa kapena zovuta mokwanira kudziwa pa kuwonana koyamba. Choncho, pa muyezo-kolowera njira zofunika imene kudziwa mwachindunji gulu, umene kutengera ndi khalidwe lake. Monga mmodzi wa zida loterolo mutuluka amadza ziyenera zolimbana.

ntchito zofunika

Kafukufuku Impact zolimbana kumafuna chizindikiritso cha mavuto ndi zolinga kulimbikitsa chizindikiritso cha embodiments zosiyanasiyana, ndi kufanizira iwo kusankha mulingo woyenera kwambiri. Monga mbali ya ODS ndiwo zokambiranazo ndi mabungwe ndi chidwi. Izi ndi njira yolondola kwambiri kudziwa ayenera zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa kulamulira. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi anakonza ndipo pa ziyenera zolimbana amadza. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti ODS si Kugwirizana kwa ndondomeko yachibadwa rulemaking. kusanthula izi akutumikira ngati chida mutsogolo kusuntha chisankho. Ngakhale kuti ODS kumafuna ena anayesetsa ku kutukula wa asilikali zochita malamulo, chifukwa mu kusintha kwenikweni kulamulira khalidwe amakhala noticeable ndithu.

Kukhala ODS Institute ku Russia ndi mayiko ena CIS

Ndondomeko kuyesa akuyendera limati kuyambira ndi kusamba. Ena mwa iwo ndi mayiko CIS. Aliyense boma, ndondomeko amanyamula dzina lake. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kazakhstan - malamulo amadza ziyenera mu dera umoyo ndi zachuma.
• Kyrgyzstan - kusanthula amadza chifukwa cha zochita zolimbana malamulo.
• Uzbekistan - dongosolo la poona mmene zochita malamulo (RIA).

Mu Russian Federation mu mlingo woyendetsa, oyamba ndi kusanthula ODS malamulo anapangidwa mu 2006 mu maphunziro angapo. Makamaka, ndondomeko yake akuyendera North Ossetia, Kalmykia, Tatarstan. Komanso maphunziro angapo Katswiri tapangidwa kwa oyamba pa mlingo la feduro. Mu March 2010, bungwe la boma pa Administrative Kusintha, anaganiza kukakambirana mphamvu Development Economic kukhala njira ODS ndi kukhazikitsa anayamba kuchita, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe dipatimenti yatsopano. Mu May chaka chomwecho ndipo anavomereza ndi Watsimikiza, umene amapereka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha machitidwe a RF boma. Kudzera de facto ODS Institute anayambitsa, ndi chachikulu kulamulira thupi limakhala Utumiki wa Development Economic. Mu July 2010, Dipatimenti unakhazikitsidwa kuti aone amadza zolimbana.

Analysis phindu ndi mtengo

gawo ili la ziyenera zolimbana amadza ndi chimodzi cha zovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chinsinsi. Nthawi zambiri, ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane ndi lathunthu la ndalama zonse ndi ubwino uliwonse yeniyeni njira zina kololeka. Mu mchitidwe akatswiri kawiri kawiri amayesetsa phe, kapena kufunika kwa ndalama ndalama (kachulukidwe) chifaniziro ndi ubwino ndi ndalama mwachindunji pokwaniritsa kusanthula izi. Anatinso wounikira imagwiridwa ndi magulu otsatirawa amakhudzidwa:

1. State.
2. Business.
3. Company.

Pamodzi ndi kukhudzana izi mitundu mwatsatanetsatane kapena kuima mu ena subgroups. Mwachitsanzo: Impact pa tochepa, chilengedwe ndi zina zotero. Ngati inu ndalama kusanthula mavuto sizingatheke, koma n'zotheka amati zotsatira thupi, ndi "ndalama -produktivnost" njira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Social mlingo kuchotsera

Chifukwa chakuti mphamvu ya kuchita zolimbana pa boma la chuma si nthawi imodzi ndi kugawidwa mu nthawi, mu ndondomeko ya monetization ubwino ndi ndalama, payenera kukhala kusintha. Chifukwa chaichi otchedwa mlingo kuchotsera. Khama la mtengo wake ali Komanso ankaona kovuta mu kukhazikitsa ODS.