Kapangidwe ka wa masheya ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana

Gulu sheya msika - dongosolo lonse zachuma, imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito yobweretsa ndi kufunika kwa iwo. Sheya inakhazikitsa mu mawonekedwe a akusowekapo, zikalata zosiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa eni midzi ndipo ina. Bank ku Central akhoza kukalembetsa kapena chotengera.

Gulu msika kuwombola ndi ndalama mabungwe, issuers ndi ndalama. Kusinthanitsa wa masheya ndi analandira - gawo la akukhudzidwira msika chuma, ndipo kudzera mwa kusala kudya kutsegula kwa ndalama kumabungwe osiyanasiyana zachuma.

Kapangidwe ka msika wa masheya adzakhala ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi mu Statement la: zisudzo; msika (katundu wamalonda ndi OTC); lolamulira akuluakulu a boma; mabungwe munthu ndi zomangamanga zawo. Kapangidwe ka sheya msika ndi zovuta m'zigawozigawo, ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Choncho, pofuna kuti asa- bwino, muyenera kuganizira lililonse mchitidwe mwatsatanetsatane. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mabungwe sheya msika.

Chifukwa msika ophunzira monga ndalama, issuers, mabungwe akatswiri. Nawonso malonda akhalire lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika CB: msika chachikulu ndi sekondale. Mu msika chachikulu, ndi sheya payekha anaika nkhani woyamba ndi kobwereza mwa ndalama munthu mu kuchuluka mosamalitsa zochepa. Pa pulayimale sheya msika anthu amapezeka kuti ndalama zonse pa maziko unrestricted. Msika sekondale amadziwikanso m'magulu awiri - katundu yense kuwombola ndi misika OTC. sheya wa makampani akuluakulu anagulitsa pa msika katundu, omwe akufanana ndi mfundo msika (ali kusamalira ambiri magawo, anapereka digiri ya kudalirika). OTC msika akugwira ntchito ndi ndalama zina - makampani akuluakulu amene mayendedwe ndi kukula kwa angapo samafuna zofunika okhazikika msika kuwombola. Komanso, msika OTC amakhala ndi liquidity kwambiri m'matangadza osiyana. M'mayiko ena, voliyumu ya OTC msika ofanana ndi zina kwambiri patsogolo pa buku la misika kuwombola ofotokoza (New York Stock Kusinthanitsa ndi Russian). Sale wa masheya boma komanso kudzera msika OTC.

Market Kapangidwe ka sheya mkati yokha kapena china mu zomangamanga awo tichipeza zigawo zotsatirazi. Ndi malamulo dipatimenti, mudziwe, depository, kudula ndi kuthetsa ndi kulembetsa. Komanso, m'madipatimenti zonsezi kuloza osiyana, kuthetsa mavuto wamba pamsika. Ndipo koposa zonse, bungwe ambiri mwa ndondomeko malonda, mapangidwe mtengo wa sukuluyi, kupereka zonse zofunika kuti obetcha, boma ngongole, kuonetsetsa liquidity, etc.

Market Kapangidwe ka sheya mu kapangidwe kake alinso osiyanasiyana kuphana katundu. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuphana katundu anthu, mabungwe ndi kusakaniza.

Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko ya gulu la malonda wodalirika aliyense wapatali kwa iwo, njira ndi njira ntchito kuyitana amasiyana pang'ono. Izi zidalira pa mlingo wa chitukuko cha malonda akhalire, chiwerengero cha sheya, komanso chiwerengero cha madongosolo awo kukhazikitsa kapena kugula, pa kusintha kayendedwe mtengo. Zotsatirazi njira malonda ntchito makamaka. Izi - losavuta ogulitsira malonda ndi awiri. Nawonso bids ophweka akhoza anakonza mu mawonekedwe a yobetcherana wogulitsa, wogula, kapena zotsatira. Pa mtima wa wogulitsa zikuchulukirachulukira mtengo wa masheya mu ndondomeko kuyitana. Pa mtima wa wogula ndi zosiyana. Apa, kuchepa mu mtengo wa masheya mu ndondomeko kuyitana. Malonda yobetcherana lokwanira ndendende lagona owerengeka chuma (CB) ndi wovomerezeka mtengo pakhomo, zomwe amazigulitsa yekha mosamalitsa kumatanthauza nthawi chikhatho chimodzi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, wogulitsa akulingalira ntchito zonse zilipo kukagulitsa wa masheya pa mtengo anapereka wogula pamwamba mlingo pakhomo, kapena wolingana ndi izo.