Kutentha exchanger. Mitundu ya kuzizira kutentha. Gulu la kuzizira kutentha

Aliyense wa ife ali anakumana ndi losavuta kuzizira kutentha. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi kumanga "chubu mu chubu" kapena chinachake chonga izo. Kungakhale kovuta kulingalira moyo wathu, ngati iye anali anatulukira kutentha exchanger. Pakali pano, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha kuzizira kutentha. Pakati pawo, iwo amasiyana osati specifications koma zochita zokha, ndi zina zotero. N. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane pa phunzirolo ndipo tione mphindi chidwi.

Ena zambiri

Kutentha exchanger - chipangizo ntchito kusamutsa kutentha kwa chilengedwe wina ndi mzake. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti kutentha exchanger wokha, popanda magetsi zipangizo, ndi wopanda ntchito, koma zovuta akhoza analandira zotsatira zabwino ndi bwino kutentha ngakhale zipinda zazikulu kwambiri ndipo ozizira. Komanso, asayansi nthawi zonse kuyesa kuchepetsa kutentha imfa pamene kunditumiza ku malo osiyana. Lero sangathe kudzitama ndi dzuwa 100%, koma dzuwa la 90-95% akhoza kulankhula molimba mtima. Sikuyenda ndi luso makhalidwe a mankhwala patsogolo ntchito zipangizo mwapadera okonzeka, komanso coolant. N'zoona pang'ono kumawonjezera mtengo wa zida, koma zedi.

Pamene angagwiritse akatswiri mowirikiza anakumana ndi zofunika zotsutsana kuti ayenera pamodzi mu mbale imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika kuchepetsa otaya kukana ndipo motero kusintha kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti. Kutentha exchanger ayenera kukhala kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, koma si zovuta kwambiri kwa utumiki. Zonsezi zapangitsa chakuti pali mitundu ya kuzizira kutentha. Zoopseza, ntchito limodzi kuti kusalima bwino.

Gulu la kuzizira kutentha

Monga taonera, pali panopa chiwerengero chachikulu cha kuzizira kutentha. Koposa zonse, ayenera anapambulwa ndi ndondomeko kutentha kutengerapo sing'anga. Apa kuzizira kutentha anawagawa m'magulu awa:

• recuperative;
• regenerative;
• kusakaniza;
• electrically mkangano.

Tiyeni tione recuperative kutentha ndi kuzizira. Mankhwala kapangidwe akusonyeza pamaso pa umodzi-wosanjikiza kapena Mipikisano wosanjikiza khoma kudzera zomwe kutentha anasamutsidwa. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika mu kuyenda odekha. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtundu uwu wa zida kutentha kutengerapo ikuchitika ndi gulu amakakamizidwa popanda kusintha mkhalidwe gawo. Koma izi amangonena za kuzizira mpaka kalekale kutentha. Ngati tilankhula za aggregates ndi nthawi mode opareshoni, ndiye kuti nthawi zina kwa nthawi ikuchitika Kutentha, evaporation ndi kuzirala, onse mode yotsatana. zipangizo oterowo ndi kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi wosakhazikika matenthedwe apaulendo. Ichi ndi chifukwa kutentha kwa coolant pa polowera ndipo pa kubwereketsa amasiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mayunitsi amenewa amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a coils ndipo mbale, ribbed, ndi mitundu ina. Patapita tiona mitundu ingapo. Koma gulu ili la kuzizira kutentha sikuthetsa kumeneko.

mayunitsi regenerative ndi Kutentha magetsi

Pankhaniyi, monga yapitayi, chifukwa popereka mphamvu matenthedwe ntchito kutentha kutengerapo pamwamba. Komabe, malowa ndi mtundu za ubwenzi. Ali ngati mungafike kudzikundikira kudzera amene amasonkhana kutentha. Mokulira dongosolo lonse akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo angapo. M'nthawi siteji nozzle zimatenga kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Ndiye pali kusintha kwa gawo lachiwiri, ndipo coolant ndi anadutsa pamwamba nozzle. Izi zimachitika pamene kusintha coolant utuluke. Pa nthawi imeneyi, a nozzle pang'ono ndi pang'ono utakhazikika, ndi kutentha atasunga sing'anga kuti usavutike, omwe mwina chipinda chanu.

Regenerators si a n'kupuma mayunitsi. The nozzle kawirikawiri mapulani ndi matenthedwe njira - synchronously mobwerezabwereza. Zipangizo za mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa skruberrami kapena kuzirala nsanja.

Mfundo yaikulu ya electrically mkangano kuzizira kutentha ndi monga limatiphunzitsa kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Pakuti akatembenuka mphamvu ya magetsi mphamvu matenthedwe ntchito magetsi Arc unsembe. Iwo akhoza kukhala Kutentha mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Ambiri kuzizira kutentha makampani - kupatsidwa ulemu ndi kukana heaters. Monga mukuonera, ndi kuzizira kutentha angakhale osiyana, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane uliwonse wa zamoyo, kukula ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu.

mwauzimu kuzizira kutentha

chipangizo ndizo nsapato njira mwauzimu. Kawirikawiri iwo chilonda kuzungulira kuzunguza mitu chapakati. Pakuti ichi iwo anapangidwa kuchokera nkhani pa intaneti. Tikumbukenso kuti mwauzimu kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi loyenereradi Kutentha ndi madzi yozizira ndi mkulu kukhuthala koyefishienti.

Ndi yaikulu Kutentha pamwamba aumbike kwa mapepala awiri zitsulo amene anagwirizana ndi china chotulutsa kuti mitima ya. Unit yokha imakhala njira 2 yekha, zambiri amakona anayi mtanda gawo aumbike mwa mawonekedwe a mwauzimu ndi. Mapeto a mwauzimu (mkati) ali kugawa khoma ndipo anakakonza mwa zikhomo. Kutentha ndi kuzizira zingabweretse onse ofukula ndi yopingasa. Ngati ndi kosatheka kuti akhazikitse mtundu wina chifukwa malo osakwanira kapena malo ovuta kasinthidwe, ndiye yachiwiri ntchito, ndi zambiri yochezera. Ndi chidwi kuti ogula angasankhe mwauzimu kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi widths osiyana mwauzimu, kuyambira masentimita 20 mpaka 150. Pankhaniyi Kutentha pamwamba akhoza anasiyana ndi 3.2 100 meters lalikulu ndi dongosolo pazipita ndi mavuto 1 MPa.

Tikumbukenso kuti zida kutentha kutengerapo angapo ubwino kwambiri. Choyamba, izi yafupika otaya kukana. Kachiwiri, compactness ndi dzuwa mkulu, ndi mphamvu ya kutentha. Koma zonsezi anathandiza chakuti panali zolakwika mu mawonekedwe a zomangamanga komanso kukonza.

Pa ndalama mbale kutentha

Panopa chopangidwa mbali ndipo sanali mbale kutentha ndi kuzizira. Mwachibadwa, yoyamba ndi bwino kwambiri polingalira zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, ndi kukonza mosavuta. Zipangizozo ndi mwamsanga anasonkhana pamodzi ndi zidutswa, kotero kulephera aliyense likuchotsedwa mu nthawi yochepa. zitsanzo losindikizidwa si kawirikawiri mpandawo, ndipo ngati zimenezi zichitike, ndiye yaitali.

Kwenikweni, dzina kukusonyeza kuti zida ndizo okwana mbale zoduliratu. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mkuwa, titaniyamu, graphite, ndi zina zotero. N. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse kuwongolera katundu ntchito mbale corrugated amapangidwira. The kuzizira mbale kutentha umayenda zigawo ozizira ndi otentha coolant otaya.

Palokha, zida ndi zabwino chifukwa ali mawonekedwe woyenera. N'zotheka kuonjezera kutentha ndi kuzizira padziko dera, ndipo onse akubwera palimodzi mu kukula ochepa. Mulimonsemo, pamaso kugula ikuchitika ndi mawerengedwe a kuzizira kutentha, zimene zimathandiza inu kuti deta mmene chipangizo mphamvu n'kofunika pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mbale zonse zimene omangika mu phukusi chifukwa chimodzimodzi njira mawonekedwe mawonekedwe pakati pawo. Kudzera mwa iwo, ndi madzi umayenda. Ndipo tsopano tiona zina zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudza zipangizo.

Ntchito gaskets

Monga tanenera kale, mbali yaikulu ya mbale kutentha ndi kuzizira ntchito. Iwo anapanga ndi mitundu ozizira. Pakuti ichi dzimbiri cholinga kugonjetsedwa kasakaniza wazitsulo kuti akhoza kwambiri patsogolo durability ndi dzuwa la wagawo ndi. The makulidwe a mbale kutengera zitsanzo akhoza osiyanasiyana monga 0.4 kuti 1.0 mm. Tithe kugwira ntchito mbale mwamtundu mwamphamvu kwa wina ndi mzake. Ici ulikubala yaing'ono njira slotted. Kumbali kutsogolo pali wapadera poyambira mu gasket mphira (chidindo) kuti apereke. Komanso, pali maenje mu ziyangoyango, amene koyenera kuti okwanira ndi kuchotsa madzimadzi. Ngati munthu wa apertures yojambula anapereka dongosolo la grooves ngalande, kuchotsa kusanganikirana mapangidwe otentha ndi ozizira.

Mwa kupanga counterflow pakati pa mapangidwe awiri wakhala akwaniritsa osati bwino kuika kutentha, komanso kutentha kwambiri mofulumira kusintha pa kukana wotsika hayidiroliki. Usachite wabisa kunena kuti mfundo za ntchito zachokera kauntala, ndiye, kayendedwe ka magetsi ndi Kutentha madzimadzi mu madera osiyana. Pofuna kuti achotse kusanganikirana anapereka awiri mphira chisindikizo kapena mbale zitsulo. chiwerengero cha mbale ndi njira zingasiyane malingana ndi zofunika ntchito kwa zida. Asanalenge unachitikira kapangidwe matenthedwe cha kuzizira kutentha, amene amalola kudziwa mulingo woyenera mode ntchito. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito kasakaniza wazitsulo mtengo amene saopa ntchito nthawi yaitali mu mapangidwe nkhanza.

Mbale-chipsyepsye kuzizira kutentha

ORT ntchito kusamutsa kutentha osakhala zikuwononga, ndi gaseous TV mu lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana, kuyambira -270 kuti +200 madigiri Celsius. Kuthamanga mu dongosolo akhoza kufika 100 atmospheres ndi kuyamba ndi zingalowe m'malo a. Mamangidwe awa ndi lingaliro la kutsatira pamwamba ribbed mbali zonse za mbale. chipangizo palokha tichipeza nthiti angapo, ndipo kudzera zomwe kutentha kutengerapo ikuchitika pakati pa TV. Dziwani kuti finned mbale kutentha exchanger ali lalikulu zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya nthiti. Zimenezi zimathandiza kusintha chiwerengero cha makhalidwe ntchito ndi luso. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kuwona mosalekeza ndi wavy konsekonse. Koma popanda izi, palinso zambiri zosowa, monga perforated ndi wazikang'a. Monga chuma ndi chotchuka ntchito pepala zitsulo. makulidwe awo ndi Lamulo malingana ndi kuthamanga mu dongosolo ndi madzimadzi ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri izi mitundu ndi kuzizira kutentha anapanga ndi osiyana mitundu ya magalimoto utuluke. The zambiri ntchito kauntala, komanso kugwira uniflow ndi mtanda chiwembu. Koma ngati nkhani mwachidule zokhudza mphamvu ya zida zimenezi, ambiri a iwo. Choyamba, ndi makhalidwe ntchito, monga kutentha mofulumira komanso kwambiri. Kachiwiri, chaching'ono kukula. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amanena kuti ndi chipsyepsye kutentha ndi kuzizira ali wangwiro kwambiri. The ORT zambiri ntchito zamanja monga mphamvu, mafuta kuyenga, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ndege. Zonsezi chifukwa ambiri ubwino, komanso osiyanasiyana madzimadzi ndi kuthamanga mu dongosolo.

Chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha exchanger kapangidwe & mbali

Kutentha zida kutengerapo pamwamba mtundu, amene Takambirana kale, si monga otchuka monga chipolopolo ndi chubu mayunitsi a. Awa ndi zipangizo, amene amatchulidwa mu chiyambi, mu Baibulo losavuta - dongosolo "chitoliro mu chitoliro". Kutentha exchanger wa mtundu uwu ndi dongosolo (mtanda) machubu omwe anayikidwa mu casing lapansi. Zavaltsovyvayut chubu ndi welded kuti thupi la mankhwala. Nthawi zina, zina scald. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa 100% zikayamba. nyumba ya amaperekedwa ndi nozzles zina. Ena amafuna kupereka nthunzi, ena - kuchotsa condensate. Komanso, choncho pali mtanda latisi, amene ntchito kuthandiza machubu kutentha ndi kuzizira pamodzi kutalika lonse la wagawo ndi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha ndi kuzizira ntchito pa kutentha madigiri 190 Celsius kapena ano zimalimbikitsa nthunzi kuthamanga kuposa 15 bar.

dongosolo lililonse, kutanthauza kayendedwe ka madzimadzi akhoza poyera waterhammer. zodabwitsazi angathe pang'ono kapena kwathunthu mupewe zida mu utumiki. Popewa izi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zinthu yosungirako, otchedwa uyenderere thanki. Koma kwa ife si koyenera, chifukwa chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa iwo khola kwambiri. Komanso, saika zofunika patsogolo kuyeza kwa chiyero cha chilengedwe. A sangathe kwambiri zida izi ndi kuti mitundu yonse ya kuzizira kutentha kwa mtundu uwu ndi zitsulo-tima kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mtengo komaliza ndi kukula.

Kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa zida gasi

Si chinsinsi kuti aliyense olimba mafuta kapena mafuta kukatentha ndi kutentha exchanger mapulani ake, iwo amatchedwanso heaters. The mitundu ikuluikulu takambirana nanu. Mwina mwazindikira, mitundu ina, zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mafakitale. Ena zipangizo apeza ntchito onse, ena ntchito m'mafakitale ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi zina. Ifeyo, pali ntchito tubular ndi mbale kuzizira kutentha. Mbali yoyamba tikulimbana ndi dongosolo la machubu lachiwiri - mbale. Mfundo mosaganizira mtundu wa kutentha exchanger kwa ndime mpweya amafunika angapo. Choyamba, mkulu kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti, ndipo kachiwiri, kukhala cholimba ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. Zipangizo wotchuka kwambiri ndi mkuwa, zitsulo zotayidwa ndi zitsulo. Njira yamasika zochepa poyerekeza, kuyambira ngati chitsulo ali ndi kulemera zikuluzikulu, zimene Sachita Mwachangu lapansi. Mulimonsemo kutentha exchanger kwa ndime mpweya ayenera kukhala zaka zosachepera 5.

Pomaliza

Choncho takambirana nanu mitundu ikuluikulu ya kuzizira kutentha. Popanda tcheru anali mitundu monga kozhuhoplastinchatye. Mfundo iwo alibe kwambiri zosiyana mbale chakale kapena finned. Koma nthawi nkotheka kupeza ng'anjo kusamba ndi kutentha exchanger kukhala casing. Komabe, chinthu chachikulu ndi zida kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi mavuto ntchito. M'menemo nyumba akhoza kukhala ndi zida monga titaniyamu, zosapanga dzimbiri kapena mpweya zitsulo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ng'anjo osamba ndi kutentha exchanger kozhuhoplastinchatym bwino malamulo ndi awiri, kapena condensate, zomwe mosakayikira ndi mwayi kwambiri. Mfundo n'zotheka kumaliza nkhaniyo, chifukwa tsopano inu mukudziwa za kuzizira kutentha ndi zonse muyenera.