Katswiri - ndi katswiri? Katswiri ntchito. akatswiri otchuka

Today pali ntchito zambiri zimene anthu sadziwa zonse. Ndipo ngati kudzinenera "plumber" kapena "mphunzitsi", chirichonse chiri bwino, kuti aliyense adzatha kuyankha funso la amene ndi Katswiri. Munthu amene tikugwira Chaanthu. Pa nthawi zambiri ndi sayenera kulengeseka.

Ndani uyu?

Poyamba paja ayenera kuti Chaanthu - ndi watsopano kwambiri ndi mwachangu kwambiri osauka nthambi nzeru za anthu. Chinthu kuphunzira ndi anthu onse. Kale pa maziko a izi ife titha kumvetsetsa kuti ukachenjede ndi "Katswiri".

Iyi ndi ntchito kwa munthu amene mothandizidwa zosiyanasiyana njira kafukufuku (ambiri - Kafukufuku ndi mafunso) ndi processing masamu deta amapanga mfundo zina. Nthawi zambiri, cholinga cha phunziro zosiyanasiyana njira ya chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a magulu ena a anthu. Patapita Katswiri wa zotsatira ayenera kupereka ena ayamikira mmene kuthana ndi vuto alipo.

Kunena zoona, Katswiri - ndi mu lingaliro wapadera ndi katswiri Mipikisano faceted amene uyenera kukhala osati chidziwitso umunthu ndi luso kuti zamaganizo, kulankhula ndi anthu. Iye uyenera luso masamu bwino pokonza zotsatira akamagwira kafukufuku.

N'chiyani chimachititsa Katswiri?

Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo ntchito ya "Chaanthu"? Kodi kuthana ndi munthu amene amatsatira kwa udindo uwu?

1. Chiwerengero kafukufuku. Iwo akhoza kuchitika njira zosiyanasiyana. Kungakhale mafunso, zokambirana, funsani mozama, kukambirana ndi zina zotero. D. Musanayambe kumufufuza anthu kapena gulu lina la anthu, ndi Katswiri mafunso omwe.
2. Pamene zinthu zonse ndi analandira, katswiri ayenera pokonza mfundo zonse. Part ntchito anachita ndi dzanja, ndipo ena - pa kompyuta ndi zochitika zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, SPSS kapena OSA.
3. Kuchokera pa zotsatira Katswiri ayenera kutengapo maganizo enieni lokhala wosasangalala anthu.
4. Komanso, munthu yemweyu ayenera kupereka njira yothetsera vutolo kapena amavomereza kuthana ndi vutoli.

Mukhoza kupanga mapeto kakang'ono kamene Chaanthu - ndi munthu amene akuyesa kusintha anthu mu strontium ake abwino. Zotsatira za kafukufuku kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala maziko a ntchito kapena zinthu zimene amachita zosiyanasiyana mabungwe a boma ndi omwe si a boma.

Quality, amene ayenera Katswiri

"Katswiri" ntchito kumapereka lingaliro kuti sipekitiramu payekha zina makhalidwe ndi anthu:

1. Munthu uyu ayenera kukhala ndi sayansi malingaliro. Ndipotu, Chaanthu - sikuti ntchito sayansi. Lembani mafunso abwino ndi chisanadze kuonanso bwino lokhala wosasangalala wa anthu simungathe aliyense.
2. Creative njira kuti ntchito. Mu phunziro, kuganiza mwanzeru ndiponso amapanga yaing'ono. Nthawi zina akatswiri muyenera kuvomereza njira sanali muyezo.
3. The Katswiri ayenera kukhala ankakhulupirira, mosamala. Ndipotu, pambuyo pa phunziroli muyenera pokonza ndalama yaikulu zambiri. Ndipo izo zidzayenera kukhala nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito.
4. The katswiri tisatongwa ndi luso maganizo. Ndipotu, nthawi zina m'pofunika kumufufuza ndi "zovuta" gulu la anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena akaidi. Ndipo anthu amenewa ayenera kupeza njira zina.
5. Yotakata kaonedwe ndi kofunika akatswiri. Adziwona dziko ndi zinthu mu zolosera zosiyanasiyana, chikukhudza anthu onse amene sanali kuweruza ndi tsankho.
6. Ndipo Chofunika kwambiri, Katswiri udindo wonse zotsatira phunzirolo. Izi tiyenera kukumbukira.

Kodi munthu kumatanthauza?

Kodi ndi Chaanthu ntchito? ntchito angapezeke mu mabungwe otsatirawa:

1. Kufunsira Makampani kapena sociological malo mawunikidwe.
2. Mu akuluakulu oyang'anira tauni ndi boma.
3. Resources anthu.
4. Mu mabungwe amene zikugwira malonda kapena maubale.
5. TV.
6. M'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana malonda pa kampani kudzilungamitsa kulemekeza.

Sociology ndi makolo ake

Mpaka m'ma 18 kuti anayesedwa nzeru za "sayansi ya sayansi" ndipo anatenga malo kutsogolera. Koma m'kupita anayamba nthambi kuchokera chuma, historiography, jurisprudence. Ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka 18-19, uko kunali sayansi ya anthu, yomwe imatchedwa Chaanthu.

Payokha ndikufuna kuti ndiyankhule za mtundu wa anthu odziwika akatswiri anayamba m'dera limeneli la chidziwitso kale anakhala sayansi osiyana:

1. Ogyust Kont. Limatchedwanso "tate wa Chaanthu". Anawona chitaganya chamoyo wapawiri, gawo limodzi mwa ndiko kupitiriza mndandanda wa zinthu zamoyo. The zina inali yatsopano, m'mabungwe a anthu (mawu akuti O.Kont).
2. Onetsetsani kuti mawu ochepa za katswiri French, Emile Durkheim. Mu zolemba zake, iye anafotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana za kufufuza, amene amagwiritsa Chaanthu lero.
3. Herbert Spencer wotsatira wa Auguste Comte ndi inakulitsidwa zamoyo zinachita kusintha ndi ulemu kwa anthu. Akuti mu maganizo ake, ndipo ntchito kwambiri motengera chiphunzitso cha Charles Darwin.
4. Thomas Hobbes, ndi English wofufuza, atalenga chiphunzitso contractual za chiyambi cha dziko. Mosiyana, chinali chiphunzitso cha wasayansi French Zh. Zh. Russo, amene analankhula chakuti boma ndi zotsatira za lochitira mu chitukuko.
5. Ena odziwika bwino asayansi chikhalidwe cha anthu amene anayamba sayansi pamaso oyamba ake :. John Locke, Adam Smith, F. Tonnies, Charles Lumbroso, etc ...

American Sociology

A chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi, ndiponso akatswiri American.

1. T. Parsons. Ndikuyesa kumvetsetsa mbali zonse za dziko chitukuko, makamaka mmene anafotokozera zamakono ndi moyo pagulu.
2. R. Merton. Iye anaphunzira zinthu zokhudza ndi kukopa kwake pa chikhalidwe.
3. E. Mayo. Yachokera hottornskih zatsopano anayamba kulankhula za chikhalidwe cha ubale wa anthu ndi kulumikiza mwamwayi.
4. Maslow. Iye ndiye tate wa wotchuka piramidi wa utsogoleri wolowezana wa zofuna anthu.
5. akatswiri ena American, amenenso anayamba Chaanthu ndi sayansi: A. Small, George G. Meade, Thomas W. neri Al ..

Russian Chaanthu amene anayambitsa sayansi

Payokha m'pofunika kuti ndikuuzeni za Chaanthu la Russia, amene mwachangu osauka sayansi pa angapo apitawa kwa zaka zambiri.

1. MM Kovalevsky. Positivist, wotsatira Auguste Comte. Iye anali mmodzi wa woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi ndi mbiri yakale njira, amene anamuthandiza kufufuza zikamera ndi kukula kwa zochitika angapo chikhalidwe.
2. P. Mechnikov. Iye si wa malo, komanso katswiri kwambiri kudziwa sociological. Asayansi anaphunzira mmene anthu zimadalira zinthu hydrological (mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja).
3. AI Stronin, PF Lilienfeld. Otsatira a Herbert Spencer, amene anatha kupita koposa chimango chakale cha analogies "Society ya thupi." Society takambiranazi, monga ngati "thupi chikhalidwe."
4. K. M. Tahtarev. Mmodzi wa oyambirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Russia mu Chaanthu wazotsatira njira - kuonerera, kuyesera. Iye anati popanda masamu Chaanthu sitingapeze bwinobwino.
5. PA Sorokin. Mwamphamvu chinathandiza mathamangitsidwe wa ndondomeko ya institutionalization za khalidwe la anthu sayansi. World amadziwika chiphunzitso chake cha stratification sociological imene anthu ankaona pa kaonedwe wa yopingasa ndi ofukula kuyenda.
6. Ena akatswiri Russian, amene anapanga chopereka zikuluzikulu sayansi: SA Muromtsev N. A. Korkunov Ni Kara, Ya L. Lavrov, Ya K. Mihaylovsky ndi ena...

Modern Russian akatswiri

Payokha m'pofunika kuganizira boma la Chaanthu Russian, amene lero zikukwaniritsidwa sayansi.

1. Boris Dubin. Katswiri, ndakatulo komanso womasulira. Iye ankafufuza Russian achinyamata sociological dziko, chikhalidwe ndale, pambuyo Soviet anthu wamba. Lofalitsidwa angapo mapepala.
2. VA ziphe, AG wabwinobwino. asayansi awa chikhalidwe chinkhoswe mu zina, zomwe nkhawa ntchito kusangalala.
3. VN Shubkin ndi AI Todorosky. Takambirana mavuto a m'mudzi ndi mudzi.
4. Wotchuka monga Boris Dubin, ndi Katswiri Zh. T. Toschenko. Iye anaphunzira mapulani chikhalidwe, maganizo chikhalidwe. Iye analemba mabuku ofunika pa Chaanthu ndi Chaanthu ntchito.

Ena a masiku Russian akatswiri: N. I. Lapin, V. Kuznetsov, V. I. Zhukov ndi ena.