KAZ-4540: makhalidwe luso, zithunzi. Magalimoto Kutaisi Automotive Bzalani

Kukula kwa luso lopanga mu Soviet Union mwapadera. Mbewu iliyonse akuyesera kuti akonze chatekinoloje galimoto, chomwe chidzachitike ake mu unyolo zomangamanga la dzikolo. Bzalani mu mzinda wa Kutaisi, Sanasiye mumaganiza za onse ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna ndi zolinga. Okonza analenga galimoto, omwe anakhala lodziwika bwino - KAZ-4540.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1975, pa pempho la USSR Gosselhoztehniki ife ndi GKB mzinda Balashov, amene apadera polenga nyumba kwa magalimoto ndi mathirakitala, komanso fakitale Yaroslavl anayamba chitukuko cha luso latsopano. Inali ntchito kulenga sitima chitsanzo latsopano ulimi. galimoto amayenera kukhala ngati akusowa kugwirizana, zimene zinaphatikizapo mndandanda wa mbewu m'munda, potsegula chawo kutali ndi kudya mayendedwe ndi katundu.

Mu 80s oyambirira pamaziko a mbewu Kutaisi unayambitsidwa kupanga latsopano magalimoto otha pagalimoto. Maziko chitsanzo latsopano anakhala zinachitika wa 0215 US-kulengedwa kuchokera wamba KAZ-608B, ndi zida akweza ndi galimoto kuthamanga axles awiri.

Musanayambe kupanga mndandanda ndi kukhazikitsa galimoto latsopano pa expanses wa USSR kale, m'ziwawa chiyesedwe cha zitsanzo kunachitika. Chifukwa chaichi unali analenga magalimoto 20, amene anagwira ndipo onse msewu ndi benchi kuyezetsa. Mu 1981, pa malo Ife bwinobwino chiyesedwe cha sitima yatsopano. The okonza sanaleke pamenepo ndipo chiwerengero cha kusinthidwa ndi kusintha kwa misonkhano munthu ndi ziwalo za dongosolo la. Pambuyo zokumana latsopano ndi kuyezetsa zonse. Latsopano KAZ-4540 adalibe ofanana ndi zitsanzo yapita wa mtundu "Colchis".

Kale mu January, ndi 84th, pamene anamaliza mayesero interdepartmental, galimoto inali analimbikitsa kukhazikitsa mu ulimi. Patatha mwezi umodzi analenga mtanda loyamba la makina 500.

Kuchokera pa galimoto lalembedwa ndi thirakitara. Iye anafika latsopano chodetsa - KAZ-4440.

"Colchis"

Dzina anapatsidwa kwa masanjidwe wa mathirakitala kupanga zomera Kutaisi. The galimoto woyamba kale mu August 1951. Ambiri mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ali naye ku mbewu dzina la Stalin. Chifukwa cha makamu a Moscow mabizinezi ndi kusonkhanitsa magalimoto zonyasa, mathirakitala yaing'ono, komanso galimoto yonyamula pansi pa chizindikiro dzina "Colchis". nthawi yatsopano ya chithunzi sanali ofanana ndi aliyense wa alipo pa nthawi imeneyo.

"4540" - chitsanzo lakonzedwa zosoŵa za ulimi. Yopanga anapitiriza kuchokera 1985 ndi 1998. Nthawi imeneyi, ife analenga Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana a galimoto "Colchis". Chinthu chapadera cha KAZ-4540 ali ndi yowala lalanje cubicle ndi zenera lakutsogolo lalikulu kwambiri.

kusankhidwa

Katundu KAZ-4540, chimene chinali chosiyana ndi zitsanzo zina zonse za axles awiri galimoto, nthawi zambiri ntchito molumikizana ndi ngolo ya mtundu GKB-8535. mtolo Izi zinali ngolo ntchito zoyendera za ulimi.

Tipper KAZ-4540 - makina mosalekeza ndi luso kutula mbali zitatu. Malinga ndi zipangizo zenizeni ntchito ndi malo ndi njira zina. galimoto inali ndi zipangizo zonse gudumu galimoto ndi optional masiyanidwe loko kumbuyo chitsulo chogwira matayala.

Kudula-m'mphepete kapangidwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito makina mu tandem ndi okololawo ndi mbewu ya thonje. "Kolkhida" - galimoto ndi permeability okwanira wofunikila zipangizo ntchito mu ulimi, ndi mphamvu matani 11.

Mu 1990, okonza anali okonzeka zolembedwa zomwe adzalola kuti akonzekeretse galimoto firiji, ntchito molumikizana ndi nsanja katundu, komanso kuti akonze galimoto pamoto. Mwatsoka, chitukuko sanalandire pofuna nakhalabe yekha pa pepala. "Colchis", chithunzi chimene anapereka m'munsimu - ndiyo anafuna bukuli pa nthawi za makina.

kanyumba

Zashuga - cabover, ili pamwamba injini. Kamangidwe Izi bwino see ndi kudzapeza ntchito nsanja lonse. "Colchis" - galimoto ndi yochepa wheelbase ndi aone kwambiri kwa dalaivala. Large-kanyumba ali ndi makhalidwe malo osiyana, fani ndi mbaula-muzitentha. Zonsezi ndi kuchuluka anapereka akukwana mtengo wapatali wa chitonthozo kwa nthawi yaitali wautali kwambiri kuposa ndege. Mu 1985, kunali chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri.

Mu 1990 anayamba limasuliridwe Baibulo akweza. Izo zili ndi dongosolo hayidiroliki kulamulira kutsegula kwa matabwa. Pamene katundu aliyense wa chipani ntchito bolodi atseka basi.

chigawo mphamvu

makina yakwera injini dizilo mtundu YaMZ-KAZ-642. Engine KAZ-4540 chinali wheelbase ndipo wophatikizidwa ndi asanu ndi atatu chipangizo kusinthana magiya (4 kupezeka HIV ndi wogawira mukufuna).

The amagetsi inali mwachindunji pamwamba pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo, ndi matupi onse kuti kupereka ulamuliro, anali anakankhira patsogolo ngati kuli kotheka. Udindo galimoto ali pamwamba pa galimoto ndi. Chigamulo kulenga zimenezi chifukwa chosowa kuonjezera m'dera zisanawonongeke limene zipangizo kusamutsidwa inali. Ndi kukula kuchoka ngodya kuchuluka permeability. chiwembu Izi anaonetsetsa yunifolomu katundu yogawa pa nkhwangwa onse. Patsogolo pa nkhani matani 6,12 kulemera, ndipo kumbuyo - 6,14 m.

Yunifolomu potsegula analola ntchito mawilo limodzi ndi matayala lonse, komanso kwambiri kusintha dongosolo kulamulira kuthamanga m'zipinda za mpweya.

zaluso ambiri akhala anayambitsa polenga KAZ-4540. Mmodzi chimbale amenewa anali CV limodzi yodziwika kwambiri molondola kuposa ofanana ozungulira. Liwiro zaka 80 Km / h, koma mphamvu katundu ndi wofanana okwana 6 m.

galimotoyo

Kuthamanga zida walola makina kusuntha misewu lolemera dothi ndi mwa minda pambuyo akulima. Pa KAZ-4540 galimoto kufala choikidwacho 8 maudindo, patsogolo kuyenda ndi awiri - zapitazo. Ilo linali dongosolo zovuta wopangidwa mwa gearbox 4-liwiro ndi ziboda 2 modes.

Youma zowalamulira anaika ndi mbale mikangano ndi pneumatic. The kasinthasintha wa galimoto linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena milatho onse. Bokosi kutengerapo anaika kwa interaxle masiyanidwe lanu. Ankalamulira ntchito batani osiyana pa galasi lakutsogolo.

Front chitsulo chogwira matayala kuyimitsidwa anasonkhana ku akasupe kotenga ndi telescopic damper. Kumbuyo wokwera theka-elliptical tsamba akasupe awiri.

ulemu

Madalaivala amene ankagwira ntchito pa njira ya mtundu "Colchis", ananena kuti chitsanzo bwino kwambiri chinali KAZ-4540. Reviews ndithu lomveka, koma converge zinthu zambiri. Ubwino waukulu akhala anati:

- "4540" - woyamba mu USSR zonyasa, analenga yekha zosowa za ulimi.

- Easy yokonza ndi kukonza kuyamika mosavuta lonse malo ndi njira.

- Wabwino mtanda sitima ndi katundu pazipita.

- potsegula nsanja ndi zinthu zitatu katundu.

- Full-kakulidwe cabover kanyumba, amene anali okonzeka ndi luso lamakono.

zolakwa

Low Choyenereza antchito mbewu saloledwa kulenga yopanga magalimoto khalidwe. Pa KAZ-4540 chinali ndithu ambiri zovuta:

- Nthawi zambiri kulephera kwa limagwirira ndi udindo kuwuka kwa zashuga ndi.

- pafupipafupi kutayikira madzi hayidiroliki ndi mafuta pamphambano ya kufala ndi makonzedwe a galimoto.

- kuthamanga mpope sanathe kupulumutsa magawo chofunika.

- Mfundo ofooka anali rivets ndi udindo kukonza akasupe kutsogolo kwa chimango lapansi.

Ubwino asamadye ndi galimoto zosayenera inasanduka kuipa. Katundu pa axles onse zimathandiza kuwonjezera matulukidwe, koma galimoto aukali ali mosavuta mkulu wa kugwetsa makina. KAZ-4540, makhalidwe a zimene zili m'nkhani, ukadali ntchito m'madera ena a onse Russia ndi Ukraine ndi maiko ena a USSR kale.