Khazikitsa Gentoo Linux - sitepe ndi sitepe kalozera

The Linux opaleshoni dongosolo amadziwika pa dziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, mapulogalamuwanso wosadziwa ndi ntchito Ubuntu distro, T. Kwa. Ndi yosavuta ndi ufulu. Komabe, ngakhale yogawa zina ndi ufulu, iwo sakhala otchuka. zovuta kwambiri angatchedwe Gentoo unsembe. Koma ndi malangizo athu mwinamwake bwino.

Gentoo Linux ndi chiyani?

lafalitsidwa, amene amadziwika maluso ake akuluakulu Kuvuta, customizability. Koma Dziwani kuti si aliyense, ndi kufunika mwachangu kumafuna ubongo, chifukwa popanda kudziwa apadera sakhala ndi ntchito magwiridwe wodzala Os. Kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula mitundu yonse ya malangizo, koma ichi ndi pambuyo. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti unsembe phukusi mu Gentoo amapangidwa magwero ndi chida chapadera PORTAGE. Ndi kovuta, koma wosuta akhoza kusankha chimene phukusi kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito.

Malinga ndi buku la msonkhanowo, unsembe akhoza kutenga nthawi yaifupi kwambiri (mphindi zochepa) ndipo ukhoza kwa masiku.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Akukhulupirira kuti Gentoo Linux ndi kugawa yachangu. Koma nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse, pali kuipa. "Gent" (kapena "Gentoo") amatanthauza distributions Gwero ofotokoza Linux, chifukwa changu. Koma nthawi ndi nthawi opulumutsidwa kuti ntchito pa nthawi yaitali unsembe (kuwerenga: yachokera) phukusi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu chifungulo cha "Gentoo" - ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa hardware lapansi. Izi zimatheka ndi NTCHITO-mbendera (kukhala Information pansipa) kukhathamiritsa ndi nyumba mapulogalamu kuchokera ku gwero, mogwirizana / disconnection a zigawo zosiyana.

A mwayi kiyi amatha kupanga distributions mwa icho chirichonse mungakonde. может стать обычным сервером или рабочей станцией. Ndiyamika Portage, Gen inunso mukhoza kukhala ndi makina wamba kapena kaphatikizidwe kamakompyuta. The mwayi wachiwiri - mosavuta. lafalitsidwa ndi Mipikisano nsanja ndi ntchito ndi mapangidwe aliyense CPU. dongosolo kale bwinobwino ported pa mapangidwe zotsatirazi:

1. X86.
2. X64.
3. Dzanja.
4. PowerPc970.
5. PowerPC.
6. Dis Alpha.
7. IBM / 390.
8. 68K.
9. Sparc.
10. PA-RISC.
11. MIPS.
12. SuperH.
13. PowerPC G5.

Gentoo komanso kutetezedwa ku mitundu yonse ya vulnerabilities. Kusakasaka phukusi ndi kudya kwambiri, komanso kungokonza mbali zowonongeka vulnerabilities mabowo. Pali malo ambiri ndi msonkhano mwamwayi mapulogalamu ndi boma bayinare chimamangirira.

Monga ife tinatchula kusowa Gentoo unsembe ndondomeko. Oyamba amene alibe titani lafalitsidwa, kudzakhala kovuta. Koma chifukwa malangizo apindula nazo.

Kodi kukhazikitsa Gentoo? malangizo

Kuyamba, muyenera anaika Ubuntu kugawa. Muyenera kupeza muzu, kotero onetsetsani kuti. Komanso kukhala ndi intaneti.

Sitepe yoyamba kwambiri - atakhala mu Gentoo chroot. Mukhoza kuchita izi m'njira ziwiri:

1. Pa lamulo mwamsanga kulembetsa: sudo oyenera-kupeza kukhazikitsa dchroot debootstrap.
2. Ndi Synaptic ndi kukhazikitsa debootstrap dchroot phukusi. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti Linux opaleshoni dongosolo ndinaganiza ake "kunyumba" Directory ndi wosiyana alipidwa.

Tsopano tiyenera repartition litayamba, kapena kulenga atsopano, ngati pali danga. Koma ntchito ndi zigawo ayenera mosamala, chifukwa pali akhoza kusiya deta onse. Pa maonekedwe ambiri kulemba kuti ndi bwino kukhala ndi zambiri mitu yosiyanasiyana. Pa wamng'ono kwambiri tiyenera kukhala kugawa chachikulu (/), komanso kugawa / jombo, ndipo / var. Ngakhale pali / sinthanani (ntchito paging) ndi nyumba / kunyumba.

Pambuyo munakonza kugawa latsopano Zokongoletsa iwo. Kuti kugawa / jombo, / kunyumba, waukulu (/), / var kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito ext3 kapena reiser2.

Tsopano kulenga chikwatu / mnt / gentoo. Mbali iliyonse amafuna chikwatu yake analengedwa ndi ife.

Phiri partitions latsopano pano. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anaika izi pa mzere lamulo:

1. sudo phiri / Dev / sda5 / mnt / gentoo.
2. phiri sudo / Dev / sda6 / mnt / gentoo / kunyumba.

Mabwalo sda5 ndi sda6 adzakhala ali muzu ndi kunyumba akalozera.

Onetsetsani kuti chakacho anapereka molondola. Ngati ayi, ntchito malamulo ndi malembedwe mungathe kuyika tsiku lolondola: tsiku MMDDhhmmYYYY.

Tsopano kutsegula osatsegula ndi kupita ku malo kufalitsidwa download. Pali kufunafuna galasi wabwino dela lanu.

Kuyambira Directory mabuku / ia64 / 2008,0 / magawo kutsegula ndi phula Archive stage3. Tsopano kusuntha Archive kuti chikwatu Gentoo. Tikuchita ndi lamulo: MV stage3 * .bz2 * / mnt / gentoo.

Kusintha Chikwatu ndi (ma cd / mnt / gentoo) ndi kuona Archive ndi md5 lapansi. Kulemba mu mzere lamulo: md5sum -c stage3 * .md5. Kotero inu mukhoza kufufuza ngati file si kuonongeka, ndi ngati iye anali bwino. Ngati inu simukhala ayankhe Chabwino, inu muyenera kukopera kachiwiri.

Pitani ku lotsatira Gentoo unsembe ndi kasinthidwe sitepe. Muyenera wachotsa owona kwa Archive lapansi. Gwiritsani lamulo: sudo phula xvjpf stage3 * .bz2 ndipo dikirani chokwanira.

Configuring Gentoo

Tsopano tili mu Gentoo pansi mapulogalamu waukulu. Ndithu tiyenera Portage - wapadera phukusi kasamalidwe chida. Uyamiko kwa Iye, timapeza kulamulira mapulogalamu anaika. Kuchita izi, kubwerera ku Download malo. Mu zochepa chabe akufuna kwambiri posachedwapa kuwonjezera Portage. Kutsitsa ndi kusuntha kwa chikwatu / mnt / gentoo. Ndi bwino chabe mankhwala lamulo: phula xvjf /mnt/gentoo/portage-.tar.bz2 -C / mnt / gentoo / usr.

Portage ndi chiyani?

A mawu ochepa ziyenera kunenedwa za chida ichi. Portage - dongosolo kuti mungagwiritse ntchito kusamalira phukusi mu yogawa. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti wosalira ndondomeko ya khazikitsa mapulogalamu ndi gwero code. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa kaphukusi zosinthika iwo synchronize ndi protocol rsync. Kamodzi Portage otsitsira owona, dongosolo likamva pulogalamu ntchito dawunilodi gwero malamulo ndi optimizes izo.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, tinanyamuka mbendera kulemba. Open make.conf, limene lili mu lowongolera / gentoo / etc. Ife ntchito chigwa lemba mkonzi. Chikalatachi limafotokoza make.conf.example kutsogolera ndi variable wodzipangitsa. Mutidziwe bwino izo. Gwiritsani zosintha awa ndi file kasinthidwe kwa unsembe.

Tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zoikamo anatitumiza ku Ubuntu yogawa sichinasinthe. Chinthu chachikulu - ndi DNS-kasinthidwe (sudo kumanyazi ndi m'nyozo -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf) ndi dongosolo Proc (sudo phiri -t Proc palibe / mnt / gentoo / Proc).

Ngati zoikamo chabwino, kupita chroot lapansi. Kuti izo, inu muyenera kuti:

1. Kusintha muzu lowongolera. Pa lamulo mwamsanga lemba kuti: sudo chroot / mnt / gentoo / bin / bash
2. Kusintha chilengedwe ndi bwino kuti akayakaya, kumene ali pamtunda. Pa lamulo mwamsanga: / usr / sbin / env-pomwe.
3. Ikani mu kukumbukira: gwero / etc / mbiri.

Kuyambira muli dongosolo Gentoo.

Yolemba ngale

Mbali yofunika kwambiri - ndi buku la ngale ya - mbali ya dziko, amene amadziŵa pamene ndi kupatsa mwayi pulogalamu. Popanda ngale, palibe opaleshoni dongosolo sizikuyenda. Komanso, kukhazikitsa phukusi ndi rsync-Seva. Ife kulowa kwa lamulo ili: kutuluka --sync. Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva, kuganiza kuti adzakhala anaika ngale Baibulo 2.6. Apa m'pofunika kulengeza NTCHITO mbendera kuti kupereka kompayila kumvetsa zimene mungachite ndi mbali ntchito. Nkofunika mwachindunji mbendera zolondola, mwinamwake chifukwa sitingazimvetse mwachidwi, kwathunthu.

Aliyense anawonjezera mbendera - mawu awa. Zosintha zochotseka ali anasonyeza ndi "-" pamaso mawu. Mwachitsanzo, kwa unsembe ndi buku la mapulogalamu ndi njira kuthandiza ogg ife basi ayenera kuwonjezera ogg. Ngati sitifunanso, ndiye kulemba -ogg.

Kumvetsa mmene NTCHITO-mbendera mbwee, onetsetsani kuyang'ana Gentoo zolembedwa.

Pambuyo kusankha mbendera mu make.conf lotseguka / etc / Directory ndi kuloŵamo.

Kuika Time Zone

Chotsatira - atakhala zoni nthawi. Onse a iwo ali mu lowongolera / usr / gawo / zoneinfo. Ife titembenukira kuno, kulowa LS lamulo ndi kuwona mndandanda wa zilipo. Chofunika zone nthawi anakopera ku / etc / localtime. Ntchito lamulo: # kumanyazi ndi m'nyozo / usr / gawo / zoneinfo / GMT / etc / localtime.

download ndi kulemba ngale ya akhoza kuchitika pambuyo kolowera zone nthawi. Lowani lamulo: # kutuluka gentoo-magwero. Tsopano chinthu chovuta kwambiri - configuring ngale kuti anali kuthandizidwa ndi phukusi tikufuna. Ngati ngale waikidwa molondola, ntchito anakhumba kungakhale sichikupezeka.

kuthamanga:

• CD / usr / SRC / Linux;
• kupanga menuconfig.

Kotero ife kulowa mu kasinthidwe ngale. Sankhani onse anakhumba kutsegula madalaivala dongosolo. Muyenera kutsimikizira kuti onse anamanga ku ngale ya, mwinamwake dongosolo sadzakhala jombo banal. Musaiwale monga kuthandiza filesystem wanu. Sankhani zotheka zofunika madalaivala onse maukonde monga mafoni ndi LAN, komanso mtundu purosesa ndi banja.

Tsopano, kuyamba kulemba kulowa: kupanga && kupanga modules_install. Dongosololi zitenga kanthawi. Ndiye kulowa: kupanga -j2 && kupanga modules_install. ngale chithunzi liwonerere kwa chikwatu / jombo.

Last - kolowera zigawo pachimake. Kupeza zigawo zonse zilipo, kuthamanga lamulo zotsatirazi: kupeza / lib / zigawo / (ngale Baibulo) / -type f -iname '* .o' kapena -iname '* .ko. Kuwonjezera mndandanda kwa /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6 mumafooda zimenezo dawunilodi basi. Pa nthawi iyi Gentoo unsembe chokwanira. Mukhoza kuyamba ntchito Os.

Unsembe KDE Gentoo Nsonga

Pa unsembe, padzakhala mavuto. Mu njira ina, sitingapeze. Onetsetsani kuti amatchula Gentoo Forum kwa kuthetsa mavuto awo. Mulimonsemo, kutsatira malangizo amenewa.

mikangano zambiri okhudza mmene kukhazikitsa Gentoo pa UEFI. Nkofunika kuti kugawa EFI analengedwa. Tiyenera kukhala dongosolo file mafuta. The UEFI mfundo kwalembedwa kuti UEFI-fimuweya ntchito ndi FAT12, 16 ndi 32, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito FAT32 dongosolo file.

Komanso mu phula Archive akhoza kwina ndi portage wosuta gulu. Pamene ntchito schroot dongosolo khamu muyenera anawalenga pamanja. Pankhaniyi, owona mu chikwatu / gentoo / etc achinsinsi yanu overwritten (mutha kusintha iwo mwachindunji).