Kodi buku Gothic? Modern Gothic mabuku

Mawu akuti "Gothic" mu mabuku imalongosola polemba chinenero chimenechi, kaphatikizidwe mantha, chikondi, yopeka ndi ulendo. Mpainiya polemba chinenero anali wolemba English Horas Uolpol ndi buku lake "The Castle wa Otranto".

Origin akuti

Masiku ano, mawu akuti "Gothic" ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha madera osiyana zojambulajambula, mbiri ndi chikhalidwe. Mwachindunji zokhudzana zomangamanga, mabuku kupenta ndi nyimbo. Komabe, tanthauzo la poyamba akuti pali, kumene, dzina la anthu German - Goths.

The Goths anali mmodzi wa angapo ofanana, koma zigawenga kwambiri mafuko Germany. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse pa nkhondo ndi anansi awo, ndi ogwirizana ndi iwo okha nkhondo Aroma. Pachimake pa kutchuka kwawo anali V atumwi, pamene mafuko a kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa Goths anagonjetsa Aroma ndipo anagonjetsa mbali yaikulu ya Spain. Pambuyo pake, mbiri ya fuko anali chosakanikirana ndi mbiri ya mayiko a iwo anagonjetsa.

Zinali zaka pamaso mawu akuti "Gothic" anabwera amatanthauza chinachake. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pamene chikhalidwe chakale muli kubadwa kwake kwachiwiri, "Gothic" anaitana kalembedwe kamangidwe ka Zapakati. Patapita zaka zochepa unakhala mtundu winawake wa mabuku, mwina chifukwa chakuti olemba anasankha malo a zochita za nyumba wakale wa kalembedwe Gothic ndi mbiri chachinsinsi.

Mbiri ya buku Gothic

Gothic buku anatuluka mu yoweyula oyambirira romanticism mu zaka za m'ma XVIII ndi zinatchuka zapadera m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Iye anabadwa mu England poyankha okhwima kalembedwe ofunda wa mabuku a nthawi.

Komabe, sayenera kumwedwa ngati chikondi Gothic chilengedwe buku. mizu yake kupita mwakuya kwambiri mu mbiriyakale, kukhudza pa mbiri akale chodabwitsa, wowerengeka nkhani, zikhulupiriro ndi mawu. Izi nthaŵi yaitali magwero a kudzoza ndi ntchito zamakono Gothic mabuku, mwachitsanzo, azimuth chikuoneka bwinobwino ntchito za Stephen King kapena Enn kunyezimira.

Woyamba Gothic buku inali ntchito ya Horasa Uolpola "The Castle wa Otranto", iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1764. Mlembi ananena kuti anali ndi chidwi ano ndi akale mabuku onse, koma Mitundu onse Walpole anapeza zolakwa, amene anayesa kuchotsa mu "Castle wa Otranto". Malinga ndi iye, miyambo akale chikondi kwambiri quirky ndi zamakono - kwambiri m'chombocho. Koma otsutsa anakumbatira luso m'manja kufotokoza kuti chisakanizo cha zopeka, mbiri ndi zikalata fictitious amapita ndi mfundo zovomerezeka zolembalemba.

Ngakhale otsutsa a akatswiri, buku Gothic mu English mabuku chapeza kutchuka zapadera zomwe mukopedwe zikamera polemba chinenero ichi mu German (Schauerroman) ndi mabuku French (Georgia ndi Roma Noir).

Gothic buku mu Russian otchedwa wosangalatsa, ndipo mmodzi wa alembi amene Polemeretsedwa mtundu wanyimbo munali Pushkin ( "Mfumukazi ya Spades"), Lermontov ( "Hero Nthawi") ndi Gogol ( "Wii", "madzulo pa Farm pafupi Dikanka").

Zinthu za buku Gothic

Mbali yaikulu ya buku Gothic mu nthawi ya mapangidwe ake anatsindika malire a zimene amaloledwa mu mabuku Achikondi. Ngakhale chilakolako cha mafunde chikhalidwe chimwemwe mphamvu ndi atsitsimutse mtima, chikondi mabuku cha m'ma XVIII, Zinali zovuta kwambiri pa maganizo a modernity.

Olemba mabuku Gothic akuyesetsa kupeputsa kapangidwe okhazikika bwino ofotokoza za nthawi, ndi kusamala nkhani zambiri mdima ndi unexplored kuti sanathe adzatsegulidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera ndi zovomerezeka. Mantha, chiwawa, chinsinsi - zinthu zonse amafunika njira zina m'mabuku. Gothic buku mu English mabuku nacho owerenga kupita koposa odziwika ndi zomveka, linamangidwa kwambiri pa maganizo, kuzindikira, mu chikomokere, koma champhamvu cha maganizo ndi zofuna chobisika.

Malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, buku Gothic ndi malongosoledwe a dziko lolephera ichi ndi dziko la owerenga anasonyezedwa ntchito zinthu zofunika buku makolo omwe Komabe, osiyana kwambiri makhalidwe.

powonekera

Pafupifupi mabuku onse kalembedwe Gothic chodalira powonekera kupereka maganizo ochekenera mankhwala. Choncho, zokhudza malo, malo, nyengo, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe kusewera ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri polemba chinenero ichi.

Chithunzi ankaikira buku Gothic, osati amakwiya tanthauzo la mantha, komanso limafotokoza Kuuma wa dziko lonse. nyumba Old, mabwinja ndi kunena kuti moyo ndi pachimake, ndipo tsopano zonse zimene zatsala - mthunzi chabe ya kale, akubisala mu mbiri ya moyo wake, ndipo zimasunga zinsinsi kuiwalika.

atchulidwa

Zimphona Gothic mabuku kupanga mtundu wa archetypes, ndipo pali chitsanzo cha makhalidwe awo, amene ali oyenera malonda kwambiri.

The protagonist kawirikawiri nokha, nthawi zambiri mu ukapolo kapena m'ndende - paokha kapena motsutsa izo. Anti-ngwazi ndiye chimake cha zoipa - udindo zimatheka ndi iwo kudzera vuto lawo, chifukwa cha mndandanda wa zochita ndi zosankha, kapena vuto la ena. The protagonist ntchito polemba chinenero ichi zambiri mlendo akungoyendayenda dziko lapansi, mu ukapolo lopitirira, kumene kungakhale ngati chilango cha Mulungu.

nkhani

Nthawi zambiri chiwembu cha buku Gothic amasonyeza dziko kutha. The mbali yaikulu, ndimangokhalira yekha / m'ndende / ukapolo, anakumana ndi zoipa, kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a mayesero kapena chinyengo. Mayesero amachititsa ngwazi kupita kutsutsana naye, tchimo, ndi kutsiriza kugwa kwake. Mwachitsanzo, mu buku "Ambrosio, kapena mmonke" M. G. Lyuisa protagonist - chitsanzo cha Spanish mmonke wa Order, ankakopa Matilda, chimene chiri mochitika chiwanda, anatumiza moyo wa Chimonko lapansi.

The mfundo yaikulu

Ngakhale kuti nkhani yaikulu ya mtundu wanyimbo Gothic ndi wauzimu ndi mumangire pakati pawo chikuoneka bwinobwino mu nkhani yonse yaikulu ya Romanticism - vuto la "munthu superfluous", mtundu wa Byronic ngwazi kudya zotsutsana.

Munthu akhoza kungowauzira kumbuyo chotchinga cha mantha ndi zauzimu, ngwazi angamvetse munthu amene, monga mantha onse achilendo ndi kukaikira. Mwachidule mabuku Gothic amakonda kukokomeza kwambiri mantha onse umene munthu nawo tsiku lililonse.

Mtsutso mabuku Gothic

Gothic buku asanabwere chake zagonjetsedwa kwa otsutsa osiyanasiyana. Chiwerengerochi zolembalemba amaganizira zinthu za buku Gothic ndi wachifundo kwambiri pansi ndi zilakolako za munthu. M'ma latsopano ndi chitukuko cha psychoanalysis n'chifukwa kujambula kufanana pakati pa zinthu Gothic ndi chikumbumtima anthu.

Malinga ndi Davis, Morris, polemba chinenero ichi - Aroma buku - amapereka maganizo ndi zilakolako, ndi mantha amene anthu amakonda kufunafuna kulamulira, mukubisa ndi kunyalanyaza. Kulimbana kwa protagonist ndi choipa chauzimu ndi fanizo la kulimbana kwenikweni kuti munthu zovutitsa chinsinsi maganizo.

Akazi Gothic Literature

English Gothic buku ndi nyumba yake, mayenje a mdima, nkhalango mdima ndi njira chinsinsi, anali kubadwa kwa chodabwitsa wapadera kwa English mabuku a nthawi. Akazi mabuku Gothic, amene apainiyawo Enn Redklif, Meri Shelli ndi Charlotte Bronte, analola akazi olemba nthawi yoyamba kufotokoza zokhumba akatswiri ndi chikhalidwe, komanso zokhumba zawo kugonana. Free kalembedwe Gothic buku analola madona kulera mavuto monga wolowezana wa kugonana, mfundo za makolo akale ndipo kupondereza kugonana akazi ndiwofatsa anthu English.

Kuti mabuku akazi anayambitsa chipangizo zolembalemba monga "Nkhani yodabwitsa." Njira imeneyi kuchenjerera analola madona kulemba mabuku, ofanana mu maonekedwe, maganizo ndipo zimakhala zili kuti Gothic, koma Komabe, anafotokoza moyo chenicheni.

Gothic chikoka pa alakatuli Achikondi

Top Gothic mabuku akhala akuthandiza zoyezeka pa alakatuli English Achikondi. ntchito wotchuka wa Samuel Taylor Coleridge - "The Rime wa Ancient Woyendetsa Chombo" ndi "Christabel", komanso ntchito lachinsinsi la Dzhona Kitsa "Hava wa St. Agnes" ndi "Isabella", mofanana ndi zinthu Gothic. Gothic buku mbali, monga masomphenya, mizukwa, mkuntho ndi zimabweretsa mantha zakuda mafotokozedwe a malo otengedwa ntchito za olemba a chi Enn Redklif.

Woyamba lofalitsidwa ntchito Persi Bishi Shelli Gothic buku anali "Zastrotsi" ku ukapolo, atanganidwa ndi kubwezera bambo ndi wake theka m'bale. Patapita chaka anafalitsa buku chachiwiri, "The Irvine Woyera," amene chachikulu khalidwe anali alchemist amene akufuna kupeza chinsinsi cha moyo wosatha. ntchito onse anali ndithu waukali ndiponso osaya Baibulo la Gothic buku Komabe, zinakhudza osati ntchito za Shelley, komanso mkazi wake, anakhala wachilembo cha "Frankenstein."

Osati ntchito wamng'onong'ono mu chitukuko cha Gothic mtundu wanyimbo ndipo ankaimba wotchuka Ambuye Byron. mbuye wake anasiya wolemba ndakatulo amatchedwa "openga, zoyipa ndi woopsa" munthu, imeneyo inali mbali yaikulu ya cholinga kusintha kwa Childe Harold - ndi zinachitika ya ngwazi Byronic.

Komanso, Byron zambiri bungwe kupikisana kwa lachinsinsi nkhani yabwino mwa bwalo lake la anzanga olemba, kuphatikizapo yekha mkazi Shelley ndi Dzhona Polidori. Malinga ndi otsutsa, misonkhano amenewa ndi oti atumikira chifukwa kulenga "Frankenstein" nkhani ndi Polidori a "Vampire".

Zamunthawi ya Victoria nyengo ndi rethinking wa mtundu wanyimbo Gothic

Ndi chiyambi cha Mfumukazi Victoria ulamuliro wotchuka Gothic buku utachepa kwambiri chifukwa mu mbali kutsutsa zoipa, mwina chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa mabuku mbiri ya Walter Scott. Komabe, zamunthawi ya Victoria mabuku Gothic ankamuyembekezera rethinking polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Edgara Alana akuganiza Albucasis zofunika kwambiri mabuku Gothic pa. Wolemba analipira monga chidwi kwa zamaganizo a m'nkhaniyi, angati miyambo zinthu polemba chinenero chimenechi. Ndi wamkulu zolembalemba wotsutsa, Monga bwino za ubwino komanso kuipa kwa Gothic, wakhama pa boma la maganizo a anthu otchulidwa wake. Malinga ndi iye, mantha anali mutu zolembalemba, woyenera kuphunzira.

Yasintha mu akazi Gothic buku. "Wuthering Heights" Emily Bronte ali zinthu zonse zofunikira: mdima powonekera, mizukwa ndi Byronic wopambana mu nkhope ya Heathcliff. Koma mbali yaikulu ya buku la si m'ndende, amadwala zopanda chilungamo m'mudzi anthu ndi jenda kusalana. The heroine waukulu alongo Bronte anabweretsa banja lochokera kwa akazi Gothic buku.

Polemba chinenero kwambiri khalidwe la nyengo ya olemba monga Charles Dickens. Iye anayima pa zapansi wa Verviers Gothic mabuku lotchedwa "Urban Gothic buku." Pa masamba a ntchito zake m'misewu ya London ndi ambiri ogwetsa malo Gothic kanthu akuti mantha ndiponso kufuna kuthawa. ntchito monga "Oliver kupindika," "Ziyembekezo Wamkulu" ndi "yowawitsa House" anagwidwa zimene buku Gothic m'njira m'matauni ndi makwalala.

Mapazi a Dickens anapita ndi olemba za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa. Mapeto a nyengo zamunthawi ya Victoria amalembedwa funde latsopano kutchuka m'tawuni Gothic buku, analandira zikomo kubadwanso kwa ntchito za Robert Louis Stevenson ( "chachirendo Mlanduwu wa Dr Jekyll ndi Mr Hyde"), Genri Dzheymsa ( "Tembenukani wa kagwere") ndi Oscar Wilde ( "The chithunzi cha Dorian Gray").

Wotchuka antagonist wa mtundu wanyimbo Gothic - Werengani Dracula - anaonekera pa masamba a buku ndi Bram Stoker. Stoker ali chidwi olemba zachinsinsi kuti Transylvania ndi Eastern Europe wonse, potero kupanga dera amakonda zochitika za mabuku Gothic.

Modern Gothic mabuku

olemba zambiri zamakono yopeka nthumwi za Mitundu ina yambiri ntchito zinthu Gothic ntchito zake. Gothic mantha nkhani, zitsanzo yaikulu ya zimenezi ntchito za Enn cheza, mwaluso Chili mwambo wa atumwi XVIII ndi ufulu wa kulankhula zolembalemba, khalidwe la mabuku ano. Gothic, mwa njira ina, ena a mabuku a Stephen King ndi ntchito ya Daphne du Maurier. Ena Gothic chithumwa ali rethinking nkhani zambiri za MIZUKWA. Komanso, kwa mtundu wanyimbo Gothic akhoza kukhala m'gulu ena ntchito Nila Geymana, Terry Pratchett ndipo ngakhale Dena Brauna.