The French wolemba Alber Kamyu: MBIRI, zilandiridwenso

Man - ndi wosakhazikika kukhala. Iye amakhala ndi mantha, chiyembekezo ndi mtima. Osachepera, maganizo unakhalapo ndi mbali ya existentialism. Pafupi chiphunzitso nthanthi anali Alber Kamyu. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya wolemba French - mutu wa nkhaniyi.

ubwana

Camus anabadwa mu 1913. bambo ake anali nzika ya Alsace, ndi mayi wake - wachi Spaniard. zinakuchitikirani kwambiri ubwana anali Alber Kamyu. The yonena za wolemba izi umakhudza moyo wake. Komabe, aliyense ndakatulo kapena prose wolemba kudzoza ndi m'miyoyo yawo. Koma pofuna kumvetsa chifukwa cha maganizo maganizo kulamulira mu mabuku wolemba, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, muyenera kudziwa pang'ono za zochitika zazikulu za ubwana wake ndi unyamata.

bambo Camus anali wosauka. Iye ankachita nawo ntchito yakalavulagaga thupi pa kampani vinyo. banja lake linali pafupi tsoka. Koma pamene Dziko Lonse Yoyamba pafupi Marne mtsinje panali nkhondo yaikulu, moyo wa mkazi wake ndi ana Camus Sr. anakhala palimodzi zakuda. Mfundo kuti ndi mwambo mbiri, ngakhale korona kugonjetsedwa kwa mdani wa asilikali German, anali kwa tsoka la wolemba zotsatira tsogolo zomvetsa chisoni. Pankhondo ya bambo Marne anafa Camus.

Opanda breadwinner ndi la banja linali pafupi umphawi. Nthawiyi umaonekera m'ntchito zake oyambirira Alber Kamyu. Book "Ukwati" ndi "Cholakwika Mbali ndipo nkhope" zoyenera kuleredwa anakhala mu umphawi. Komanso, m'zaka zimenezi achinyamata Camus akudwala TB. zinthu mumamva ndi matenda aakulu si n'kuyambiranso kufufuza tsogolo wolemba chofuna kudziwa. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye analembetsa ku University ku mphamvu ya Philosophy.

achinyamata

Pa maphunziro ake ku yunivesite ya Algiers kunathandiza yaikulu pa malo maganizo a Camus. Pa nthawi anzanga ndi wotchuka pa nthawi WOLEMBA Zhanom Grene. Iwo m'chigawo choyamba cha nkhani yochepa analengedwa ndi wophunzira amene walandira dzina "Islands". Kwa kanthawi iye anali membala wa Communist Party Alber Kamyu. yonena wake, koma kugwirizana kwambiri ndi maina ngati Shestov, Kierkegaard ndi Heidegger. Iwo ali anzeru amene nzeru anali kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza ndi mutu yaikulu ya zilandiridwenso Camus.

Munthu yogwira kwambiri anali Alber Kamyu. yonena wake amakhuta. Monga wophunzira, iye anali nawo masewera osiyanasiyana. Kenako maphunziro, anagwira ntchito mtolankhani ndipo anayenda maulendo ataliatali. Philosophy Albera Kamyu chinapangidwa osati mchikakamizo cha anzeru masiku ano. Kwa nthawi yaitali anali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito za Fedora Dostoevskogo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ngakhale anachita zisudzo zofufuzafufuza, kumene iye anali kuimba udindo wa Ivan Karamazov. Pa adani a Paris, pa chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, Camus anali ku likulu French. Iye sanatenge kutsogolo pamaziko a matenda aakulu. Koma ngakhale mu nthawi yovuta zinthu mwachilungamo yogwira chikhalidwe ndi kulenga anatsogolera Alber Kamyu.

"Mliri"

Mu 1941, mlembi anapereka pandekha, anatenga mbali mu ntchito za mmodzi wa mabungwe Parisian mobisa. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ntchito wotchuka kwambiri wa Alber Kamyu analemba. "Mliri" - buku, lomwe linasindikizidwa mu 1947. Mmenemo wolemba anasonyeza zochitika mu Paris, anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a ku Germany, mu zovuta ophiphiritsa mawonekedwe. Kwa buku la Albera Kamyu anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize. Mawu - "Pakuti udindo wofunika kwambiri Zomwe analemba kuti amenyane ndi anthu a mavuto athu nthawi ndi anzeru kwambiri."

The zili buku la

nthendayo imayamba mwadzidzidzi. Anthu kusiya nyumba zawo. Koma si onse. Iwo ndi nzika amene amakhulupirira kuti mliri - si wina galimoto kuchokera kumwamba. Ndipo samayendetsa. Iwo zinapatsira modzichepetsa. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka - m'busa - ndi othandiza odzipereka a udindo uwu. Koma imfa ya mnyamata wosalakwa kuvumbitsira kuganizira mfundo yake view.

Anthu ambiri akuyesa kuthawa. Ndipo mliri mwadzidzidzi recedes. Koma ngakhale pambuyo masiku koipa ndi kumbuyo kwake, ngwazi ya samatisiya kuganiza kuti nthenda ya kubwerera. Mliri mu buku kumaimira fascism, amene adatenga pa nkhondo, anthu ambirimbiri ku Western ndi kum'mawa kwa Ulaya.

Pofuna kumvetsa zimene ndi zofunika nthanthi lingaliro kuti wolemba ayenera kuwerenga limodzi la mabuku ake. Pofuna kuona maganizo ndi zimene zinkachitika mu zaka zoyambilira za nkhondo pakati pa anthu kuganiza, ndiye kuti ayanjane ndi buku "Muliri", umene 1941 analemba Alber Kamyu. Zilembedwe za ntchito - ndi mawu a nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri cha m'ma XX. Mmodzi wa iwo - "Mkati mwa masoka inu azolowere choonadi - ndiko kuti chete."

view dziko

Pa mtima wa French wolemba zinthu mosamala absurdity za moyo wa munthu. Njira yokhayo kulimbana izo, monga Camus, ndi kuzindikira kwake. Chimake wapamwamba wa absurdity - Ndi kuyesa kusintha anthu chiwawa - ndicho Nazism ndi Stalinism. Mu ntchito za Camus azipereka chikhulupiriro sizikuyenda bwino kuti zoyipa sangathe kugonjetsa kwathunthu. Chiwawa chimabala chiwawa kwambiri. A kupandukira iye ndi kusachita ubwino. Kuti ndi udindo wa wolemba akhoza kufika pamene kuwerenga buku "Muliri."

"Akunja"

Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo zambiri essays ndi nkhani yochepa olembedwa Alber Kamyu. Mwachidule ayenera ananena za nkhani "akunja". Ntchito imeneyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kumvetsa. Koma izo zimanyezimiritsa lingaliro la wolemba za absurdity za moyo wa munthu.

Nkhani "akunja" ndi mtundu wa Ndondomeko, amene analengeza ntchito yake oyambirira Alber Kamyu. Zilembedwe za ntchito imeneyi si chinachake tinganene. Buku amachita wapadera udindo monologue la ngwazi, ndilo monstrously tsankho ndi zonse zimene zikuchitika. "Alamulidwa mwamakhalidwe anakakamizika nawo aphedwe" - mawuwa mwina chinsinsi.

ngwazi za nkhaniyo - munthu kudziona ngati onyozeka. Mbali yake yaikulu ili zokhazokha. Iye alibe nazo zonse: kwa imfa ya amayi, kuti ndifotokoze mavuto ena kwake abwino. Ndipo atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa masamba mphwayi pathological kuti zikuchitika. Ndipo nthawi imeneyi iye amazindikira kuti sangathawe ankam'fooketsa dziko. Iye analamulidwa kuti imfa chifukwa chopha munthu. Ndipo zonse zimene akufuna mu mphindi yomaliza ya moyo - zilibe kuona mphwayi mu maso a anthu amene adzaona imfa yake.

"Kugwa"

Msangani wenewu linasindikizidwa zaka zitatu asanafe. Ntchito mwa Albera Kamyu, mmene kudzala, amanena za mtundu wanyimbo aumunthu. "Kugwa" - yotero. Nkhaniyo, wolemba amalenga chithunzi cha munthu amene ndi chizindikiro luso la anthu masiku ano European. Khalidwe dzina Jean-Baptiste, amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku French - Ioann Krestitel. Komabe, Camus khalidwe ali pang'ono kuchita ndi Baibulo.

Mu "Kugwa," wolemba amagwiritsa njira khalidwe la Impressionists. Nkhani ndi mu mawonekedwe a mtsinje wa chikumbu mtima. nkhani ngwazi za moyo mnzake. Komabe, amatiuza za machimo amene anachita, popanda kufufuza ndi chisoni. Jean-Baptiste ophatikizapo kudzikonda ndi wosaperewera mtendere zoweta malingaliro a ku Ulaya, m'nthawi wolembayo. Malinga Camus, iwo alibe kalikonse popanda kukwaniritsa zosangalatsa zake. Owerenga nthawi anapatutsa kwa biographies zawo, maganizo awo pa izi kapena funso kuti nzeru za anthu. Monga ntchito zina za luso Albera Kamyu, pakati pa chiwembu nkhani "Kugwa The" - munthu zachilendo yosungira maganizo, amene amalola wolemba kuwulula mwatsopano mavuto osatha wa moyo.

nkhondo itatha,

Mu makumi anai mochedwa, Camus anakhala odzichitira pawokha wolemba. zinthu zosangalatsa mu bungwe lirilonse zandale iye munayamba mwaima. Panthawi imeneyi anatulutsa ntchito zingapo zochititsa chidwi. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - "Olungama", "boma la kuzinga".

Mutu opanduka umunthu mu mabuku a XX m'ma kunali kofunika kwambiri. Kusagwirizana mwamuna ndi sakufuna kukhala molingana ndi malamulo a anthu - vuto limene poona olemba ambiri mu zaka zao za sikisite ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza. M'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa za kayendedwe zolembalemba anali Alber Kamyu. mabuku Ake, zinalembedwa makumi asanu oyambirira ndi zinapatsira ndi lingaliro la disharmony ndi lingaliro la mtima. "Kupanduka wa munthu" - nchito khama kuphunzira wolemba anthu kumusonyeza motsutsa absurdity aliko.

Ngati wophunzira Camus chidwi mwakhama lingaliro zokomera, ndiye monga munthu wamkulu, iye anali mdani wa kumanzere kwakukulu. Mu nkhani lake mobwerezabwereza anakweza mutu wa chiwawa ndi authoritarianism mphamvu Soviet.

imfa

Mu 1960, wolemba chisoni anafa. moyo wake anafupikitsa pa njira ku Provence ku Paris. Chifukwa cha ngozi ya galimoto Camus anaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Baibulo 2011 unayambitsidwa, chimene imfa wolemba si ngozi. ngozi anali akuti rigged ndi ogwira ntchito za mabungwe a chitetezo Soviet. Komabe, Baibulo ili patapita limatsutsa Michel Onfray - wolemba wa mbiri ya wolemba.