Kodi ndi dokotala wanji ndi geriatrician? Mankhwalawa - kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a zaka zapakati

Pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, asayansi anayamba kuphunzira kukalamba kwa zamoyo. Podziwa kuti kusintha kumeneku kuli ndi mfundo zambiri komanso zomveka bwino, choyamba, chokhazikitsa kuti sayansi ya maginito ndi yotsogolera. Ndiye mmenemo gawo lachipatala lomwe liri ndi matenda mu ukalamba lakhala lokhalitsa. Kodi ndi dokotala wanji ndi geriatrician, ochepa chabe amadziwa. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe akukhala ndi zaka zokalamba chikukula kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kufunika kophunzitsa akatswiri otero akukula.

Kodi ndi dokotala wanji ndi geriatrician?

Dokotala, amene amachititsa kupewa matenda, chithandizo chawo, kukonzanso okalamba, amatchedwa dokotala-geriatrician. Kodi amachitira chiyani katswiri? Mndandanda wa matenda ndi waukulu kwambiri. Geriatrian amayesera kumanga njira zothandizira komanso zothandizira odwala okalamba m'njira yoteroyo kuti azikhala moyo wodalirika komanso wodzisamalira. Ukalamba wa munthu si chiganizo, koma ndi iye amene angakhoze kudziwa momwe angapangidwire ku matenda enaake. Malo owonetserako amakumana ndi mavuto a okalamba (60-74) ndi okalamba (75-90). Odwala a m'badwo uno ali ndi makhalidwe angapo ofunikira:

• Kusiyanasiyana kwa thupi ndi thupi kwa thupi labwino.

• Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa matenda ochiritsira.

• Matenda a okalamba.

Matenda ndi maonekedwe a okalamba

Mu thupi la munthu wachikulire , njira zamkati zimayambira, chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kwa thupi ndi kusintha kwa thupi. Amadziwika ndi:

• Nthawi yosiyana. Kukonzekera kwa gonads kwa akazi kumachitika zaka 50-55-60. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ntchito ya chithokomiro cha pituitary ikhoza kupitirizabe moyo wonse.

• M'madera osiyanasiyana a thupi, ukalamba ukhoza kuwonetsedwa mu madigiri osiyanasiyana.

• Mlingo wa ukalamba mu ziwalo ndi machitidwe sizomwezo. Kusintha mafupa, ngakhale kuti kumawoneka oyambirira, kumakula pang'onopang'ono. Chiwawa mu dongosolo lamanjenje akhoza, atatha kudziwonetsera mochedwa, mwamsanga kupita patsogolo.

• Zomwe zimachitika m'matumba osiyanasiyana zimasiyana mosiyana (kumanga-chiwonongeko). Izi zikusonyeza kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, malamulo, osati kungodzikundikira.

Kukalamba kumabweretsa zotsatira za morphological, structural, functional disorders. Zikuwonetseratu kutengera kwa msinkhu. Mu ukalamba, mitundu, mawonekedwe, machitidwe a ziwalo, kukula kwake ndi kusintha kwa malo. Mwachitsanzo, kulemera kwa ubongo, kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwacheperachepera 20-25%. Kuwonjezeka kwa kusintha kumasokoneza maselo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono thupi lawo limachepa.

Matenda a zaka amatha kuchepa kukula kwa ziwalo ndi kufooka kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito, ptosis imawonedwa. Kusiyanitsa kungakhale kusagwirizana ndipo sikungachititse kuti munthu asagwire bwino ntchito. Ndipo zingayambitse matenda aakulu.

Odwala okalamba ali bwanji?

Ukalamba wa munthu si umboni wokhawokha, koma komanso zokhudzana ndi matenda achilendo omwe angathe kuchitika zaka 20 ndi 76. Mwachitsanzo, bronchitis, matenda opuma opatsirana, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zochitika za matenda okalamba ndi awa:

• Zamakono zamakono. Kufooka kwa njira zotetezera kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha wodwalayo okalamba. Kuzizira kozizira kungayambitse kutupa kwa mapapo, komanso kutaya pang'ono - kumatenda. Choncho, mankhwala ayenera kukhala okwanira nthawi zonse.

• Kukula kwa chithunzi cha kuchipatala. Ngati pali zovuta zazikulu, yankho la thupi ndilokwanira ndipo limabweretsa madandaulo ochepa. Chibayo chogonana chikhoza kuchitika ndi kutentha thupi kwa 37.1.

• Mu thupi, pali ziphuphu kuchokera ku ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe. Choncho, kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a kachilombo ka HIV kumatha kusonyeza zizindikiro za matenda a mtima.

• Kuyambirira kwa madandaulo. Zopatsa malipiro zikhoza kuchepa kwambiri, choncho, ngakhale pakuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, madandaulo angakhale ofunika.

Matenda a msinkhu wokalamba ndi wokalamba

Kwa m'badwo uliwonse muli makhalidwe, matenda enieni. Amakhalanso odwala okalamba. Dementia, matenda a atherosclerosis, kusagwedeza kwamakina - mndandanda umapitirirabe. Matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi okalamba amatha kuwonekera kale. Koma m'maboma 90% adziwonetsa okha pambuyo pa 60.

Chimene chimachiritsa wodwala geriatri

Chithandizo chamankhwala sichikupatsa dokotala wosiyana kwa odwala okalamba . Iwo amachiritsidwa ndi othandizira. Mapunivesite ena azachipatala akukonzekera kale akatswiriwa kuti agwire ntchito polyclinics, kotero posachedwapa zidzatheka m'derali kuti adziŵe yekha kuti ndi dokotala wotani. Iye samangomvetsa kokha matenda omwe amapezeka odwala okalamba, koma amadziwanso zenizeni za maphunziro awo, matenda ndi matenda m'zaka izi. Kusanthula madandaulo ndi deta ya ma laboratory ndi njira zothandizira, amadziwitsa. Pambuyo poyerekeza zotsatira zotheka zothandizira pa matenda osokoneza bongo, amasankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha mankhwala. Mankhwala opatsirana amatha kukhala odzidzimutsa m'zochita zamoyo, matenda opatsirana, mapulotechete, ndi zina zotero.

Matenda a mtima

Ambiri okalamba ali ndi matenda a mitsempha. Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha, kuthamanga kwa matenda osiyanasiyana, arrhythmias, mtima wodwala - matenda onsewa amachiritsidwa ndi geriatrician ali ndi zaka zambiri.

Matenda a ubongo

Ndi matendawa omwe amalepheretsa odwala okalamba kukhala odzipereka. Kusamalira kwawo kuchipatala kumakhalanso kochepa. Matenda a Parkinson, matenda a Alzheimers, strokes, dementia ndi matenda ena ambiri adzaperekedwa ndi odwala.

Psychiatric pathology

Kusokonezeka maganizo ndi nkhawa nthawi zambiri ndi anzanu okalamba. Chifukwa cha iwo, odwala amachepetsa kugwirizanitsa anthu, amakhala olekanitsa ndi kutseka moyo wawo. Ichi si chikhalidwe chabe cha chirengedwe, ndi matenda omwe amafunikira chithandizo chokwanira.

Kusinthanitsa-matenda a endocrine

Kusokonezeka kwa zipangizo za endocrine kumaipitsa kwambiri ntchito za ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe. Chiwindi chimayambitsa polyneuropathy. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa zovuta zingathe kukhala zilonda zam'mimba, kusowa mphamvu, kuchepa kwa masomphenya, kupititsa patsogolo mitundu yosautsa yopweteketsa matenda a myocardial infarction. Thyrotoxicosis imatsogolera ku chisokonezo cha mtima wamtima.

Matenda a dongosolo la genitourinary

Kupanda mphamvu, prostate adenoma, kukomoka kosalekeza, kumakhala kusinthika kawirikawiri. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chidziwitso cha impso kapena bacteriuria popanda zizindikiro za matenda (kutentha, kutentha kwa magazi, kusintha kwa OAB) sikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pachifukwa ichi, iwo amangosonyeza zaka za wodwalayo.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa minofu ya minofu

Chovuta chachikulu pa kayendetsedwe ka anthu achikulire ndizophwanya malamulo ambiri. Osteoporosis amasintha kuchuluka kwa mafupa. Kusungunuka kwa disvertebral discs kumachepa, komwe kungasinthe malo awo.

Matenda a m'mimba

Kulimbana ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya m'mimba ya m'mimba komanso m'mimba motility, kudzimbidwa, kutaya magazi, ndi ziphuphu za ana zimapezeka.

Kuonjezera apo, kuwonongeka kwa maso, kumva, ndi kulingalira kwapadera kumangokhala kuchepa kwa odwala oterewa. Kwa okalamba, anthu amalowa, ali ndi matenda pafupifupi 4. Mu zaka khumi zapitazo chiŵerengero chawo chiŵiri.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kulankhulana ndi geriatrician

Ngati pali zodandaula, odwala okalamba amayesa kudzipulumutsa okha. Patapita kanthawi pambuyo poti sanalandire njira zosiyanasiyana, amapita kuchipatala. Nthaŵi zambiri, odwala amalandira mankhwala oyenera omwe amakhalapo, popanda kuganizira luso loyeretsa la impso ndi kusintha kwa zaka zina. Ndi katswiri yemwe adaphunzira zaumoyo wa okalamba komanso kusintha kwa mankhwala omwe angathandize kwambiri.

Komabe, ndikudabwa kuti ndi dokotala wanji, ndiye koyenera kukumbukira kuti samachiritsa. Katswiri wotere ayenera kuyanjanitsidwa pasadakhale, kuti apange ndondomeko yaumwini yokhala ndi moyo wokhutira. Izi ziphatikizapo ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi thupi, zakudya ndi magalimoto. Ndipo ngati pali matenda, malingaliro ochiritsira amaperekedwa malinga ndi msinkhu wa wodwalayo. Ndidzidziwitso za zakuya zomwe zimapereka ndemanga zabwino zokhudzana ndi matendawa.

Tsopano pali anthu pafupifupi 700 miliyoni okalamba ndi okalamba. Avereji ya zaka za anthu padziko lapansi ikuwonjezeka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha chisamaliro cha kusamalidwa chithandizo chichitike m'tsogolomu.