Kumene kumakhala Amonke dongosolo. malamulo kumene kumakhala Amonke wa Ages Middle

Mbiri ya chipembedzo limatiuza za Pofunafuna wauzimu wa anthu osiyanasiyana kupyola mu mibadwo. Chikhulupiriro wakhala bwenzi la munthu, anapereka tanthauzo moyo wake ndi chinachititsa osati kwa patsogolo m'banja komanso mu chigonjetso chidziko. Anthu akhala - munthu chikhalidwe, choncho nthawi zambiri kufuna amapeza anthu ndi kulenga mgwirizano, amene akanati ichitikire kusamukira chandamale. Chitsanzo cha mudzi ndi kumene kumakhala Amonke malamulo, zimene zinaphatikizapo abale a chikhulupiriro chomwecho, kumvetsa wamba mmene kukhazikitsa mapangano akuthandizeni mu moyo.

hermits Igupto

Monasticism anayambitsa osati mu Europe, izo zimatengera amachokera ku zipululu lalikulu la Egypt. Apa IV m'ma hermits amene ankafuna kuti tiyandikire zolinga za Uzimu kwaokha kuchoka kudziko lapansi ndi zikhumbo zake ndi zachabe. Kupeza malo pakati pa anthu, iwo anapita ku chipululu, kukhala panja kapena zotsalira za ena nyumba. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anasonkhana pamodzi ndi otsatira. Pamodzi ntchito, ankalalikira, anapemphera.

Chimonko m'dzikoli ndi antchito a kudzinenera osiyana, ndipo aliyense chinachake chosiyana pakati pa anthu. M'chaka cha 328 Pahomiy Veliky, amene poyamba anali msilikali, anaganiza kukonza moyo wa abale ndipo anayambitsa obisika, imene ntchito motsatira lamulo. Posakhalitsa ife anayamba kuoneka mayanjano ofanana mu malo ena.

Kuwala kwa chidziwitso

Mu 375 AD Vasiliy Veliky bungwe waukulu woyamba kumene kumakhala Amonke ammudzi. Kuyambira pamenepo, mbiri ya chipembedzo wayamba kuyenda m'njira ina: abale pamodzi osati anapemphera ndipo anaphunzira malamulo wauzimu, koma akhala akuphunzira dziko, kumvetsa chikhalidwe, mbali nthanthi ya moyo. Kudzera mwa ansembe kudutsa mibadwo ya mdima nzeru akale kale ndi chidziwitso cha umunthu, sanataye m'mbuyomu.

Kuwerenga ndi kusintha m'munda wa sayansi ndi udindo wa novices ndi agulupa ku Monte Cassino, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Benedict wa Nursia, imatengedwa bambo wa monasticism kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Benedicto

530 chaka imatengedwa tsiku pamene woyamba kumene kumakhala Amonke dongosolo. Benedict ankadziwika kuti moyo wosasangalala wake, ndi kuzungulira mwamsanga anapanga gulu la otsatira. Iwo anali m'gulu la anthu oyamba Benedicto Chimonko monga icho chinali kutchedwa polemekeza mtsogoleri wawo.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya abale kunachitidwa malinga ndi hayala ndi cholinga Benedict wa Nursia. Chimonko sangakhoze kusintha malo a utumiki, kuti katundu aliyense zokhazokha adamangidwa abbot lapansi. Malamulo Kwalamulidwa mapemphero nsembe kasanu patsiku, mosalekeza ntchito yadzaoneni, limavomerezedwa ndi maola yopuma. Hayala amasonyeza chakudya ndi kupemphera, chilango cha mlandu ndi koyenera kuwerenga bukhu.

Kapangidwe ka obisika ndi

Kenako, madongosolo ambiri achipembedzo Ages Middle zinamangidwa pa maziko a Benedicto lamulo. Anakhalabe aka ndi mkati. Mutu abbot anasankhidwa kuchokera mwa ansembe ndi bishopu ankanena. Iye anakhala kazembe wa moyo wa agulupa mu dziko, zikubweretsa abale ndi thandizo la ogwira angapo. The Benedictines akhala kwathunthu ndi modzichepetsa kumvera abbot.

Anthu a obisika anali m'magulu a khumi, amene anali kuyang'anira deans. Abbot Isanafike (wothandizira) kuwayang'anira zoletsedwa ndi malamulo, koma zochita pa nkhani zikuluzikulu pambuyo msonkhano wa abale onse pamodzi.

mapangidwe

The Benedictines kuti osati kukhala wothandizira a Mpingo mu kulalikira yatsopano ya anthu. Ndipotu, ndi chifukwa iwo kuti tikudziwa tsopano za zili ambiri mwa mipukutu yakale ndi mipukutu. ansembe ankachita rewriting mabuku, kuteteza zipilala nzeru zaumunthu maganizo a m'mbuyomu.

Zinali maphunziro kuvomerezedwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. chiwerengero cha zinthu m'gulu music, zakuthambo, masamu, apamwamba ndi galamala. Benedicto kupulumutsidwa ku Ulaya chikoka zoipa chikhalidwe wakunja. malaibulale yaikulu mchitidwe wakuya mapulani miyambo, chidziwitso m'munda wa ulimi zathandiza kuti apulumutse chitukuko pa mlingo yabwino.

Kutha ndi Chitsitsimutso

Mu ulamuliro wa Karla Velikogo ali ndi nthawi imene Benedicto kumene kumakhala Amonke kuti analibe bwino za nthawi. Mfumu anabweretsa chakhumi kwa Mpingo, anapempha kuti mchitidwe umenewu wa nambala inayake ya asilikali amene anapereka mphamvu ya mabishopu a gawo lalikulu la anthu wamba pa iwo. Convents kukhala Unakhala ndipo zikuimira titbit aliyense, kulakalaka kuonjezera umoyo wawo.

Oimira mphamvu zosatha anatha anapeza anthu opembedza. Mabishopu adzakhala wailesi Mfumu, zambiri kumizidwa za m'dziko. Abbots mchitidwe umenewu yatsopano yokhala okha chinkhoswe zinthu zauzimu, kusangalala ndi zipatso za zopereka komanso malonda. The ndondomeko kusiya kupembedza m'moyo kayendedwe kwa chitsitsimutso zauzimu, anagwa kwambiri mu mapangidwe malamulo achipembedzo atsopano. pakati mgwirizano pa X atumwi anakhala obisika mu Cluny.

Klyuniytsy ndi Cistercians

Abbot Bernon kulandira mphatso kuchokera chuma cha Kalonga wa Aquitaine, mu Upper Burgundy. Apa, mu Cluny, anakhazikitsa obisika latsopano, free ku ulamuliro ndi m'manja asapita boma. malamulo kumene kumakhala Amonke wa Ages Middle anakumana nyamuka latsopano. Klyuniytsy anapemphera kwa osonkhana onse, mogwirizana ndi mwambo, anayamba pa maziko a chakudya cha Benedictines, koma okhwima kwambiri pa nkhani ya makhalidwe ndi tsiku chizolowezi.

Mu XI zaka Cistercian kumene kumakhala Amonke dongosolo, amene ndinatenga ulamuliro kutsatira lamulo, chinthu chimodzimodzi ake limawaletsa otsatira ambiri. chiwerengero cha Chimonko kwambiri chifukwa mphamvu ndi chithumwa mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Order, Bernard wa Clairvaux.

A zambiri

Mu XI-XIII zaka malamulo achipembedzo atsopano a Mpingo wa Katolika anaonekera ambiri. Aliyense ali ndi chinachake ndasonyeza mu mbiri. Camaldolese wotchuka chifukwa hayala awo okhwima: iwo sizinathe nsapato, analandira kudzikonda popemphera, musadye nyama, ngakhale iwo anali kudwala. Carthusians komanso chtivshie malamulo okhwima ankadziwika kuti ndi makamu kuchereza alendo, omwe chifundo yofunika utumiki wake. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za ndalama iwo anali kugulitsa mowa "Chartreuse", kumene okha Cartesians Chinsinsi.

anathandiza malamulo achipembedzo Zapakati , ndiponso akazi. Pa mutu mchitidwe, kuphatikizapo amuna, abale Fontevraud anaima Abbess. Anthuwa ankatengedwa namestnitsami Namwali Mariya. Imodzi mwa mfundo zimasiyanitsa hayala linali lonjezo la chete. Beguines - dongosolo, wopangidwa yekha wa akazi - M'malo mwake, anali ndi lamulo. Abbess anasankhidwa kuchokera mwa otsatira komanso zochitika zonse anawalozera kwa chikondi njanji. Beguines kuti asiye dongosolo ndi kukwatirana.

malamulo Chivalric-kumene kumakhala Amonke

Pa Nkhondo za Mtanda anayamba kutuluka ndi tanthauzo latsopano anzawo. The anagonjetsa dziko Palestina anali pansi pa foni ya Mpingo wa Katolika kumasula malo Mkhristu woyera manja Muslim. M'mayiko kum'mawa imatsogoleredwa ambiri aulendo. Iwo anali kutetezedwa mu gawo mdani. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha lamulo la asilikali.

Mamembala a kusonkhana ndi watsopano pa dzanja limodzi, chifukwa malonjezo atatu cha moyo wachipembedzo: umphawi, kumvera ndi continence. Pa zina - anavala zida, nthawi zonse anali naye lupanga, ndipo anatenga gawo mu nkhondo akamavutika.

Knightly malamulo achipembedzo dongosolo patatu: iyo sinali abusa (Ansembe), abale asilikali ndi atumiki anzake. Mutu wa Order - GM - wasankhidwa moyo, candidacy wake wavomerezedwa ndi Papa, anali ndi mphamvu mutu wa ukwati. Chapter pamodzi ndi Chapter wa Priors nthawi anasonkhana (general msonkhano, kumene kusankha zinthu zofunika anawavomereza malamulo a Order).

Ndi mmonke wauzimu mayanjano ankachitira Templars resins (hospitallers) Teutonic kuti, platypus. Onse anali ophunzira mu zochitika, amene kufunika sitingalephere kukambapo. Misonkhano ndi thandizo lawo zinakhudza chitukuko cha Europe, ndi pa dziko lonse lapansi. Dzina la utumiki wopatulika yomenyera angaipeze mtanda, amene sewn kumtunda chobvala Ankhondo. Lililonse lachipembedzo ntchito mtundu ndi mawonekedwe popereka chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe osiyana ndi enawo.

kugwa ulamuliro

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIII mpingo anakakamizika kuthana ndi nambala yaikulu mipatuko chikanachitika. Atsogoleri anataya zinachitikadi wake wakale, okopa analankhula za kufunika kwa kusintha kapena kufafaniza kachitidwe kachipembedzo, monga wosanjikiza zosafunika pakati pa munthu ndi Mulungu, kudzudzula chuma chochuluka anaikira mu manja a atumiki. Poyankha, panali kusaka, cholinga kubwezeretsa kulemekeza anthu a Mpingo. Komabe, udindo muthandize kwambiri zinthu izi achita mendicant malamulo achipembedzo, kukhala chinthu utumiki wathunthu kusiyidwa pa chuma.

Frantsisk Assizsky

Mu 1207, anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe Franciscans. mutu wake, Frantsisk Assizsky, anaona akamanena za ntchito mu maulaliki ndi renunciation. Iye anali ndi maziko a mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu, ndipo otsatira ake anakumana kamodzi pa chaka m'malo. Onse a ansembe analalikira kwa anthu. Komabe, mu 1219 akadali anakwezedwa Francis obisika pa kuumirira kwa Papa.

Frantsisk Assizsky ankadziwika chifukwa cha kukoma mtima, luso kukhala mosavuta ndi kudzipereka zonse. chikondi chake talente ndakatulo. zaka Canonized awiri basi atamwalira, iye wapeza ambiri otsatira ndi moyo kulemekeza Mpingo wa Katolika. Pa nthawi zosiyana za nthambi Francis kuti inakhazikitsidwa: dongosolo la Capuchins, Terzian, Mph, ndi Observants.

Domi- de A Guzman

Pa kumene kumakhala Amonke yogwirizanitsa Mpingo wakhala akudalira pa nkhani ya kulimbana chisokonezo. Imodzi mwa maziko a kusaka anali Order ya Dominicans, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1205. Anakhala tate Dominik De Guzman, ndi aliuma womenya ndi ampatuko, kuwerenga austerity ndi umphawi.

Dongosolo la munthu Dominicans zolinga zikuluzikulu wasankha mkulu mlingo wa alaliki maphunziro. Kwa gulu la zinthu zoyenera kuphunzira anali alekerera ngakhale malamulo poyamba okhwima wakuuzani abale umphawi ndi kuyendayenda zonse padziko m'mizinda. Dominicans Choncho sanafunikire ntchito mwakuthupi: onse a nthawi, kotero iwo anadzipereka maphunziro ndi pemphero.

Pa chiyambi cha XVI Church m'ma kamodzinso zakanika. Kudzipereka atsogoleri kwa mwanaalirenji ndi makhalidwe Zimalepheretsa ulamuliro. Kukonzanso bwino yokakamiza atsogoleri kufunafuna njira zatsopano kulemekeza kubwerera woyambawo. Choncho Theatines kuti, ndiyeno Society Yesu anakhazikitsidwa. Kumene kumakhala Amonke kucheza anafuna kuti abwerere zolinga za malamulo akale, koma nthawi watenga muyezo wake. Ngakhale ambiri Order alipo lero, kuchokera ukulu wakale wamng'ono amene anatsalira.