Lupanga Order (Order ya lupanga Abale): History

Mu 1198, dziko lomwe tsopano Latvia zochitika inachitika. akomweko anapandukira patsogolo m'mayiko awo Roma German Mfumu Otto IV. Pamene kupanduka anali kuletsedwa, kuteteza lamulo la asilikali a Lupanga analengedwa m'tsogolo, ofanana kusamvera lamulo la German bishopu Albrecht.

Pofuna kugonjetsa Amitundu

Mmodzi wa anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi mafuko opanduka anakhala m'deralo bishopu Berthold. Yoikidwa m'malo mwake Albrecht Von Buxhowden anayamba kunena kuti Ankhondo Livonia anaitana kwa Kampeni ndi akunja opanduka. Mazana a adventurers amene amafuna zofunkha zosavuta ankhondo, pamodzi ndi chikhululukiro cha machimo, anafika 1200 ndi abusa zigawenga pakamwa pa Western Dvina, kumene linga Riga anaika posachedwa.

Komabe, patapita nthawi, kunapezeka kuti kulamulira dera lonse la mmodzi wa Akhristu sikokwanira, ndi pa njira imene yemweyo bishopu Albrecht latsopano kuti asilikali achipembedzo anakhazikitsidwa mu 1200, lotchedwa Lupanga. Order anabvala popanda kusamalira wolunjika akunja m'dera chipembedzo choona, ndipo ntchito zambiri mwangwiro asilikali. Patapita zaka ziwiri, chilengedwe wake unali wovomerezeka ndi ng'ombe wapadera papa amene anapereka Order umayenda zonse ndi adzamasula chinadzathandiza m'tsogolo.

The Cross ndi Lupanga

dzina lake, iye afunika malupanga wofiira akusonyeza ku pamodzi ndi mitanda Chimatisi pa zobvala zoyera wa Ankhondo. Poyamba, pamene analengedwa ntchito ngati maziko asangalala pamene Templars. Kuphatikiza mbalume Mkhristu ndi asilikali mofanana anali lililonse kwa iwo, ndi kwa Lupanga. Order linakhazikitsidwa ndi Bishop Albrecht, mwalamulo amatchedwa "Abale a Khristu Livonia chivalry" zomwe zikusonyeza kufanana ndi abale Templar. Komabe, izi kunja kufanana ndi chirichonse zinali zochepa.

Education Livonia

M'munsi mwa Order a Lupanga ameja sitepe kutsogolera mapangidwe latsopano boma ku Baltic - Livonia. Ndi chibadwire anali kwathunthu. Mpheroyi mabacteria awiri osiyana zachuma - ndi bishopu wa Riga ndi watsopano, monga analengedwa, Order. mayunitsi m'zigawozo boma latsopano ankatchedwa Estonia, Livonia ndipo Courland. mawu awa zichokera kwa mayina a anthu akomweko amene ankakhala kumeneko. ulamuliro wapamwamba pa gawo lonse a bishopu.

The anagonjetsa maiko atsopano

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira anakhala ku Livonia Ankhondo a dongosolo la Lupanga anaukira gawo, ulamuliro umene anali akadali mu manja a mafuko a kumeneko. Pa watenganso dziko kumanga linga, anakhala Buku asilikali ndi zinthu utsogoleri. Koma osati ndi anthu akomweko kulimbana ankhondowo Livonia. Waukulu ndi woopsa kwambiri mdani anali Russian akalonga, ndi zapamwamba dziko Livonia appanage wake katundu.

Pa nkhondo imeneyi kwa zaka zambiri ankamenyana ndi kupambana zosiyanasiyana. Mu mbiri yakale, kuphimba zochitika pa zaka zonsezi, kwambiri umboni wa mmene Russian asilikali chigonjetso ndi kugonjetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni ina asilikali inatha mu imfa kapena adani a munthu, ophunzira ena. Komanso, mbiri ya Order a Lupanga nkhani zonse za kulimbana mosaleka ndi Estonians - anthu akhala asezare m'mayiko amenewa. M'njira zambiri complicates nkhaniyi ndipo analipo pano pamaso pa Order Livonia, komanso amaika malamulo ake m'gawo.

Kufunafuna angakuthandizeni venous

zinali zovuta. Kuti khalidwe zikuluzikulu zochita ankafunika ndithu lankhondo, ndipo iwo ali bwino sikokwanira mu Lupanga. Order anakakamizika kufunafuna wothandizana naye ku Ulaya, wamphamvu, ogwirizana ndi kuti, ndimatha kupitiriza kulamulira a m'mayiko ena. Koma osati ntchito asilikali kupereka mgwirizano amenewa. chakuti Order knightly a Lupanga anachita wosatha kulimbana ndale ndi bishopu Albrecht - wolamulira boma la Livonia. Cholinga cha nkhondo inali njira yotulukira ulamuliro wake.

Choncho angakuthandizeni wamphamvu akhoza kukhala Teutonic Order. Maziko pa Kampeni Chachitatu ndi anafotokoza nthawi zakale amene anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito zake khamu lalikulu, n'zochititsatu zida zamphamvu ndiponso ophunzitsidwa ndi Ankhondo German, iye akanakhoza kukhala mphamvu kuti anaonetsetsa Swordbrothers ntchito molimba onse mikangano zankhondo ndiponso zandale.

Zokambirana kuti kuphatikiza malamulo awiri

Pambuyo mbuye wawo Folkvin Teutons anatembenuka ndi maganizo amenewa, nthawi yaitali analibe yankho lililonse kuchokera kwa iwo. mutu wawo, gohmeyster Hermann Von Salza, anali munthu ochenjera ndi osamala, osati mwa malamulo ake anali kusankha zinthu mopupuluma. Pamapeto pake, anatumiza nthumwi zake kuti Swordbrothers kuti tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zochitika zonse za moyo wawo ndi ntchito, ndiye iwo anali osakhutira kwambiri ndi zimene anaona.

Malipoti awo imanena za nkhanza zosavomerezeka wa moyo wonse wa Livonia Knights ndi mnyozo umene amachitira malamulo awo. Mwina zinali zoona, koma nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chachikulu ndemanga zawo zoipa zinali zodzaza ndi chilakolako cha Lupanga pambuyo pophatikizana ndi kusunga paokha kuteteza mayamwidwe wawo wonse wa Teutons.

Lupanga anagonjetsedwa ku Saule Mtsinje

Sizikudziwika yaitali bwanji nkhani ipitirira, ngati si kwa matsoka amene anachitika dongosolo la Lupanga limodzi la zonse ntchito ya usilikali. Iwo anagonjetsedwa ndi akunja Chilituyaniya mu Nkhondo ya Saule Mtsinje. Chodalira thandizo la Latgalians obatizidwa iwo ndi Estonians, iwo anali adzaperekedwa ndi iwo, ndipo anavutika katundu zomvetsa. Pa nkhondo anakhalabe atagona makumi asanu wolemekezeka Livonia Knights. Mphamvu za Order akhala kuchichepetsa ndi kumupulumutsa akanangokhoza kuthandiza Teutons.

A mbali yofunika kulumikizana malamulo awiri ankaimba Papa Gregory IX. Iye ankadziwa kuti pambuyo kugonjetsa chidwi a Lupanga Livonia anaopseza kachiwiri kukhala pa chifundo cha amitundu.

Popeza anali munthu osasunthika, nthawi yomweyo zinasaina lamulo monga imene 1237 ophatikizidwa ndi Order ya Teutonic Ankhondo a Lupanga. Kuyambira tsopano, pamaso pa agonjetsi palokha Livonia anakhala nthambi ya Teutonic Knights, koma kusankha iwo analibe.

The eni watsopano Livonia

Teutonic Order yomweyo anatumiza kwa gulu lonse Livonia ya Ankhondo makumi anayi, limodzi ndi anthu enanso ambirimbiri a atumiki, squires ndi mercenaries. Mu akuti kukana naperewera pa amitundu adamenyedwa, ndi ndondomeko ya zachikunja za m'mayiko sanaleka zochitika iliyonse. Komabe, popeza Swordbrothers anataya ufulu onse. Ngakhale mtsogoleri wawo - lanmeyster, osati Osankhidwa, monga kale, ndipo anasankhidwa ndi Supreme gohmeysterom la Prussia.

Komanso mbiri chitukuko cha madera wachokera ku Livonia, yodziwika ndi Kusakhazikika kwambiri ndale. Mosiyana ndi Lupanga, tili pansi pa bishopu, eni latsopano anali mu ulamuliro wathunthu kwa Papa, ndipo malinga ndi malamulo a zaka anali kudali gawo limodzi ake umwini wa dziko zachikhristu iwo. Unachititsa kuukira a m'deralo oyang'anira n'chifukwa ambiri wotsatira mikangano.

The Order a Lupanga, Livonia Order, Teutonic Knights ndipo amati mayiko amenewa akalonga Russian zonse unachitikira m'mphepete mwa boma theka-nkhondo. Long atasemphana wa oyang'anira ndi Order za akuluakulu a ponena ntchito kutsogolera mu nkhani zokhudza zachipembedzo ndi wa zandale zinachititsa kuti azilandira kuchepa muyezo wa chikhalidwe cha anthu m'dzikoli komanso nthawi n'zothandiza mabomba chikhalidwe.