Kusamalira pantchito pa dziko lapansi: zizindikiro za mawerengedwe a penshoni, otsika komanso apamwamba pantchito

M'madera onse, zaka zapuma pantchito zimasiyana. Kuti tipeze mpumulo woyenera, nzika za mayiko zikuyenera kuchita zoyenera. Zaka zapuma pantchito zikuwerengedwa molingana ndi mfundo yomweyi - chiwerengero cha moyo wa anthu chimawerengedwa.

Maphwando apadziko lapansi

Pali mitundu yambiri ya machitidwe omwe penshoni imawerengedwa. Koma tanthauzo la zaka zapuma pantchito ndizofanana.

Ubwino ukhoza kulembedwa pa ndondomeko yothandizidwa ndi munthu payekha, malinga ndi kayendedwe ka msonkho.

M'badwo wa anthu

Malamulo a mayiko ambiri, zaka zapuma pantchito kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi zosiyana. Mayiko omwe amuna ndi akazi amatha kupuma panthawi imodzi sali okwanira. Dziko lapuma pantchito ndi losiyana kwa amayi ndi abambo.

Amuna amaonedwa kuti ndiwo omwe amalandira ndalama zambiri, choncho amayembekezeranso kukhala pantchito. M'munsimu pali gome la zaka zapuma pantchito kwa anthu.

Zaka za akazi

Mwalamulo, mayiko ambiri amaloledwa kuchoka kukapuma akazi pamaso pa amuna. Monga momwe tebulo likusonyezera, zaka zapuma pantchito m'mayiko a dziko lapansi kwa akazi zimasiyana m'mayiko ambiri.

Kupuma pantchito

Dziko lirilonse likuyesera kusunga dongosolo la penshoni mumtunda wodalirika, koma zimakhala zovuta kuziyika kosatha m'dziko lamakono. Choncho, zaka zapuma pantchito m'mayiko adayamba kuwuka. Kwa ena, nkhani yokweza zaka ikukambirana mozama.

Vutoli linakhudza dziko lililonse. Ndondomekoyi itapezeka kuti mayiko alibe ndalama zokwanira zogulira zonse. Izi zinapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha zaka zapuma pantchito chiwonjezeke. Ndipotu, n'zosavuta kuti anthu azigwira ntchito yaitali, pamene akulandira antchito ena ndikuchepetsa ndalama za boma powapatsa nzika.

Kuchokera pa izi, zikhoza kutheka kuti m'dziko lililonse padziko lapansi zaka zapuma pantchito sizimveka ndipo zingasinthe.

Zizindikiro za machitidwe owerengera ndi kupuma pantchito

Njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera penshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Komabe, m'mayiko akunja, palibe njira imodzi yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, koma kuphatikiza awiri kapena atatu.

1. Ndondomekoyi imathandizidwa payekha. Imeneyi ndi njira yopezera ndalama za penshoni, zomwe nzika zawo zimasamutsira ndalama zapenshoni. Bwana amatha kuchita izi. Chiwerengero cha malipiro a mwezi uliwonse chiwerengedwa kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa ndalama.
2. Gawo lofalitsa lozikidwa pa misonkho ya penshoni. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo kutengera ndalama zina kuchokera ku malipiro opuma pantchito. Chifukwa cha dongosolo lino la kuwerengera, atapuma pantchito, anthu omwe amapita ku penshoni amalandira malipiro awo phindu la anthu ogwira ntchito.
3. Njira yopereka ndalama, yopangidwa ndi maziko a misonkho. Mtundu uwu umapereka chiwerengero cha ndalama zomwe ndalama zimachokera ku thumba la msonkho.

Mapulani Othawa Ntchito

Mayiko ambiri adasintha kusintha malamulo a penshoni. Ukraine ikukonzekera kuwonjezera zaka zapuma pantchito kwa amayi mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Kusintha uku kuyenera kugwira ntchito mu 2021. Mitundu ina ya anthu a ku Russia adzakhalanso pantchito. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa antchito a boma, ndale. Pansi pa ndondomeko yatsopanoyi, kuyambira mu 2025 iwo adzapuma pantchito ali ndi zaka 60 ndi 65. Kusiyanasiyana kwa msinkhu popuma pantchito kwa amuna ndi akazi kudzapitirira.

Ku Kazakhstan, mu 2018, akukonzekera kulinganitsa zaka za abambo ndi amai omwe anaganiza zopuma pantchito ndikuyenera kutero mpaka zaka 63. Ku US, boma likukonzekera kuwonjezera zaka kuyambira zaka 65 mpaka 69. M'dziko lino, abambo ndi amai amapuma limodzi.

Kupuma pantchito

M'mayiko ena, zaka zapamwamba kwambiri zopuma pantchito zikuwonetsedwa. Ku Japan, abambo ndi amai akhoza kupuma pantchito ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri. Mudziko lino, moyo wapamwamba komanso nthawi yaitali ya moyo. Izi ndi zizindikiro zabwino, kulola mofulumira kuti mupite ku tchuthi.

Albania sichikuyandikira Japan. Pano, anthu amapuma pantchito ali ndi zaka 69.5 ndi 64.5. Zimatenga nthawi yaitali kugwira ntchito ku Denmark. M'dziko lino, anthu akhoza kupuma pantchito ali ndi zaka 67. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa abambo ndi amai, aliyense amapita ku tchuthi nthawi imodzi.

Ndi zaka zochepa kwambiri zapuma pantchito

Machitidwe a penshoni a dziko lirilonse amasinthidwa nthawi zonse. Mu 2017, zaka zochepa kwambiri zapuma pantchito padziko lonse m'mayiko monga Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Turkey. M'mayiko awa, amuna amapita ku tchuthi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndi akazi - makumi asanu ndi asanu. Komabe, ku Turkey, akazi amaloledwa kuchoka pazaka 56.

Kupuma pantchito kumayiko awa sikukutanthauza kuti ali ndi chuma chochuluka kwambiri. Ku Russia, Belarus, Ukraine ndi mayiko ena a dziko lapansi, kumene amaloledwa kutulukamo kukayamba kukapuma, ali ndi nthawi yochepa yokhala ndi moyo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mayiko sakulemera bwino.

Malipiro ambiri

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndalama zowonjezera zimasiyana. Ambiri omwe amapuma pantchito okhala ku France, Germany, Japan, USA amalandira. M'mayikowa, amalipidwa kuchoka pa 25 mpaka 45,000 rubles (pamene atembenuzidwa ku rubles la Russian).

Anthu amene amapuma pantchito ku Georgia, Uzbekistan, Moldova ndi Argentina amalandira ndalama zambiri. M'mayiko awa anthu amapatsidwa ndalama zosakwana makilogalamu zikwi zisanu. Nzika za Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, ndi Azerbaijan zimalandiranso pang'ono.

Dziko lirilonse liri ndi maonekedwe ake omwe amapuma pantchito ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwake. Kwa ena, chiwerengero cha 50 chikulingalira, ndipo kwinakwake anthu amakakamizika kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka 70.