Kusinthasintha - ndi ... Kugunda m'lifupi mafananitsidwe

Tikakumana tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mfundo zatsopano, ambiri akuyesetsa kupeza mayankho a mafunso awo. Chifukwa chaichi m'pofunika kufotokoza chodabwitsa chilichonse. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chinthu monga kusinthasintha mawu. Za iye, ndipo tikambirana zina.

mafotokozedwe ambiri

Kusinthasintha - ndiyo njira ya kusintha imodzi kapena akonzedwa lonse la magawo a oscillations mkulu-pafupipafupi malinga ndi lamulo la otsika pafupipafupi nkhani ya uthenga. Izi zimachititsa kulanda sipekitiramu wa ulamuliro chizindikiro m'dera mkulu pafupipafupi, kuyambira danga mogwira wailesi amafuna kuti transceivers onse unathandizira pa mafurikwense osiyana popanda kum'dula mzake. Monsemo mnjira, Phokoso mudziwe anayikidwa pa nthandala ndi, wodziwika ndi zolemba. Ulamuliro chizindikiro kakunena opatsirana. Mkulu-pafupipafupi oscillations amatenga udindo wa chonyamulira cha mudziwe, potero amapeza udindo wa nthandala. Ulamuliro chizindikiro opatsirana deta yaikidwa. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusinthasintha mawu kuti zimatengera mtundu wa waveform ntchito: amakona anayi, triangular, kapena ena. Pamene chizindikiro digito kulankhula za mpheto. Motero, kusinthasintha mawu - ndondomeko yokhudza Phokoso, kotero izo zikhoza kukhala pafupipafupi, matalikidwe, gawo, ndipo ena.

mitundu

Tsopano inu mukhoza kuwona yonse ya zochitika kulibe. Ndipotu kusinthasintha mawu - njira imene mkulu-pafupipafupi yoweyula ndi anasamutsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu zotsatirazi: pafupipafupi, matalikidwe ndi gawo. Pamene pafupipafupi kusinthasintha mawu Zimachitika kusintha pafupipafupi, ndi matalikidwe - matalikidwe koma ndi gawo la - gawo. Pali maganizo losanganikirana. M'lifupi kusinthasintha mawu ndi kusinthidwa a mitundu osiyana. Pankhaniyi, magawo a Phokoso mkulu-pafupipafupi kusintha discretely.

matalikidwe mafananitsidwe

M'magulu ndi mtundu wa kusintha kusintha matalikidwe chonyamulira yoweyula pa pafupipafupi mkulu kudzera modulating yoweyula. Pamene kusanthula linanena bungwe pafupipafupi anaulula osati athandizira pafupipafupi, koma ndalama zawo ndi kusiyana. Pankhaniyi, ngati kusinthasintha mawu a - ndi funde zovuta, monga Mwachitsanzo, mawu chizindikiro wopangidwa mwa kuchuluka kwa mafurikwense, panadutsa magulu awiri, munsili nthandala, ndi wina wachiwiri kwa ndalama ndi kusiyana mafurikwense. Iwo amatchedwa lateral: chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Choyamba - chifanizo cha choyambirira chizindikiro zomvetsera ankatembenukira ndi pafupipafupi yeniyeni. M'munsi gulu - buku la chizindikiro choyambirira chimene wadutsa ndi inversion, ndiko kuti, mafurikwense mkulu choyambirira - pafupipafupi m'munsi mwa mbali m'munsi.

The mbali m'munsi ndi galasi chifanizo cha chapamwamba mbali wachibale chonyamulira pafupipafupi. System ntchito matalikidwe kusinthasintha mawu, kufala chonyamulira ndi mbali ziwiri, wotchedwa ziwiri kanjira. Chonyamulira lilibe mfundo iliyonse zothandiza, choncho akhoza kuchotsedwa, koma Mulimonsemo, mbendera gulu kawiri pachiyambi. Kuchepetsa gulu zimatheka ndi chimakankhira osati thandizo, komanso mbali, monga chidutswa chimodzi cha malangizo mwa iwo. mitundu Ichi chikudziwika ngati lokhala ndi sideband kusinthasintha mawu ndi chonyamulira kuletsedwa.

demodulation

Zimenezi Pamafunika kusakaniza mbendera modulated ndi chotengera cha pafupipafupi omwewo amene panamveka ndi modulator lapansi. Kenako, mbendera choyambirira zopezera mawonekedwe a osiyana pafupipafupi kapena pafupipafupi gulu, kenako osasankhidwa kuchokera zizindikiro zina. Nthawi zina m'badwo wa chonyamulira kwa demodulation zikuchitika pansi, pamene sikuti lifanane ndi chonyamulira pafupipafupi kuti modulator lapansi. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kakang'ono pakati mafurikwense kuoneka mismatches, amene Ndi mmene kwa madera telefoni.

kugunda mafananitsidwe

Pankhaniyi, ndi digito baseband chizindikiro i.e. timatha kuti encode pang'ono kuposa wina pa baud ndi kabisidwe bayinare deta chizindikiro mu milingo angapo. The Akamva mbendera bayinare nthawi zina ogaŵikana awiriawiri. Pakuti awiri anayi pang'ono chimake kuphatikiza angagwiritsidwe ntchito, mmene Mugulu ukufanizidwa ndi mmodzi wa milingo anayi matalikidwe. Zoterezi ndiyotengera chizindikiro yodziwika mu mlingo kusinthasintha mawu ndi theka mlingo baud wa pachiyambi chizindikiro deta, choncho angagwiritsidwe ntchito matalikidwe kusinthasintha mawu m'njira ochiritsira. tanthauzo lake likupezeka mauthenga pa wailesi.

pafupipafupi mafananitsidwe

Systems ndi kusinthasintha mawu ndi kuganiza kuti chonyamulira pafupipafupi zimasiyana mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a modulating chizindikiro. mtundu kuposa mawu a mtendere wa matalikidwe kudziwa amene amadza pa telefoni Intaneti alipo, choncho ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa liwiro otsika, pamene palibe kufunika zikukhudza bandiwifi lalikulu.

Fezi-matalikidwe mafananitsidwe

Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha Akamva pa baud kungakhale ophatikizana gawo ndi matalikidwe kusinthasintha mawu.

Monga mmodzi wa njira zamakono za matalikidwe-gawo kusinthasintha mawu akhoza otchulidwa chimodzi chimene chi- kufala multicarrier. Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito zina chonyamulira 48 ankasiyana mtunda wa 45 Hz. Mwa kaphatikizidwe matalikidwe ndi gawo kusinthasintha mawu kwa wina chonyamulira ndi allocated kuti 32 limati apawokha mu nthawi iliyonse baud osiyana kukhala kotheka kunyamula Akamva 5 pa baud. Likukhalira amene anakhala izi zonse amalola kusamutsa 240 Akamva pa baud. Pamene ukugwira ntchito pa 9600 mlingo pang'ono / s kusinthasintha mawu kumafuna baud 40. Izi chithunzi otsika kwambiri alekerera matalikidwe ndi gawo kudumpha chibadidwe ku telefoni Intaneti.

Yosiyanasiyana mopupuluma mafananitsidwe

Mtundu nthawi ankamuona ngati njira yabwino wailesi analogi chizindikiro, mwachitsanzo, mawu digitally. Izi njira kusinthasintha mawu sanagwiritse ntchito modems. Apa gating amapezeka analogi chizindikiro pa mlingo kawiri wapamwamba pafupipafupi chigawo chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe analogi. Pamene ntchito m'magulu otere mu Intaneti telefoni gating limapezeka nthawi 8000 pa mphindi. Aliyense nyemba - ndi voteji mlingo ndiyotengera asanu pang'ono code. Bwino akuimira amalankhula, kabisidwe ntchito logarithmically. Zisanu Akamva pamodzi ndi chitatu kulankhula pamaso pa mbendera anapanga octet.

kusinthasintha mawu ndi kudziwika chofunika kubwezeretsa uthenga chizindikiro kuti ndi ndondomeko iwowo. Pamene chizindikiro ichi munatembenuka mwa m'njira osalunjika. zinthu osalunjika alemere zigawo latsopano sipekitiramu wa sipekitiramu wa chizindikiro linanena bungwe ndi Zosefera ntchito kupeza zigawo otsika pafupipafupi. Kusinthasintha ndi kudziwika angathe kuchitidwa ntchito diodes zingalowe, transistors, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diode zimabweretsa osalunjika. Pachikhalidwe ntchito dontho michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diodes, kuyambira planar athandizira capacitance ndi yokulirapo.

mitundu zamakono

Intaneti kusinthasintha mawu likunena zambiri kwambiri mphamvu ndi n'zogwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana ntchito digito deta. Komanso mothandizidwa ndi bwino chitetezo zambiri, bwino machitidwe kulankhulana bwino ndi imathandizira mwayi kwa iwo.

Pali zopinga zambiri anakumana ndi okonza kachitidwe iliyonse: mphamvu chovomerezeka ndi pafupipafupi gulu m'lifupi, ndi kachitidwe anakonzeratu phokoso mlingo kulankhulana. Tsiku lililonse chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa kachitidwe zolankhulirana, komanso kufunika kukula kwa iwo, chimene chimafuna kuwonjezeka mu gwero wailesi. Intaneti kusinthasintha mawu ndizo ndinasintha wosiyana analogi kuti chonyamulira kuti transmits yambiri zambiri.

Kuvuta kwa ntchito

The Madivelopa kachitidwe digito wailesi amenewa ntchito yaikulu - kupeza kukondera pakati m'lifupi deta wailesi gulu ndi zovuta za dongosolo mwaukadaulo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ntchito yoyenera njira zosiyanasiyana kusinthasintha mawu kutenga mukufuna. Radio kukambirana mwadongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito chopatsilira yosavuta wolandila circuitry, koma pafupipafupi sipekitiramu ndi njila kwa chiwerengero cha mamembala kuti ntchito mauthenga amenewo. Zambiri transmitters zovuta amalandira amafuna zochepa bandiwifi mumve ukufalitsidwa mu buku chomwecho. Kusamukira ku spectrally imayenera njira zofunika kusokoneza zida monga kufala. Vutoli sikudalira pa mtundu wa kulankhulana.

oloŵa

Kugunda m'lifupi kusinthasintha mawu amakhala mu chonyamulira mbendera ake akuimira ndondomeko ya nyemba, mmene zimachitika pafupipafupi ndi zonse. The kusintha nkhawa kokha nthawi iliyonse zimachitika wa modulating chizindikiro motero.

Kugunda m'lifupi kusinthasintha mawu chosiyana ndi gawo pafupipafupi. Yotsirizira ikukhudza kusinthasintha mawu chizindikiro monga funde sine. Iwo amakhala ndi kumveka zonse ndi pafupipafupi variable kapena gawo. Kugunda chizindikiro akhoza modulated pafupipafupi. Kungakhale atathana zimachitika nthawi, ndi pafupipafupi awo uli mu mtengo ambiri, koma phindu yomweyo zingasiyane malingana ndi zizindikiro modulating.

anapezazo

N'zotheka ntchito mitundu yosavuta kusinthasintha mawu, ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokha zimasiyana mogwirizana ndi zomwe modulating. Tikaphatikiza kusinthasintha mawu chiwembu chimene ntchito zipangizo zamakono kulankhulana, - pamene pali kusintha munthawi yomweyo ndi matalikidwe ndi gawo chonyamulira. M'magulu masiku ano ntchito subcarriers angapo, omwe amagwiritsa inayake kusinthasintha mawu. Pankhaniyi, ndi ziwembu chizindikiro kusinthasintha mawu. Mawu amenewa ntchito mitundu zovuta multilevel amene amafuna zinthu zina kukhala zochuluka kufotokoza zambiri.

M'magulu ano kulankhulana ntchito mtundu kothandiza kwambiri kusinthasintha mawu, potero kuchepetsa ndi bandiwifi watipatsa kwaulere pafupipafupi malo zina chizindikiro. Quality limasonyeza kwa izo yekha ndiye amalandira mphoto, koma mu nkhani iyi zovuta zida ndi lalitali kwambiri. Pomaliza pake, kusinthasintha mawu pafupipafupi amapereka chifukwa looneka kokha mpaka kumapeto wosuta mawu a mayiko ntchito njira luso.