Lithography - njira yosindikiza ...

Lithography ndi njira yosindikiza imene kusindikiza chitsanzo pa pepala anakonza posamutsa inki wosanjikiza wapanikizidwa mbale kusindikiza pa chonyamulira pepala. Njira yosindikiza amatanthauza luso zakale, kupangidwa mu XIX atumwi ku Munich. Ndipotu, lithography - njira zochokera chidani zinthu mafuta munali ndi madzi. Maziko mawonekedwe kusindikiza ndi mwapadera kukonzedwa mwala ndi yosalala pamwamba, wopangidwa mwa anajambulapo homogeneous. Pamaso zojambula analengedwa, chifukwa lithographic njira, njira zotsatirazi kuchitidwa:

- padziko opukutidwa la mwala lithographic chitsanzo umagwiritsidwa inki kapena pensulo wapadera chikukhudza ndi mafuta;

- anamuyika zojambula unazokotedwa osakaniza wapadera asidi nitric ndi dextrin;

- pambuyo pamwamba kuvala mwala akhoza kutenga chinyezi pamene akukankha inki ndi mkulu wa ndende mafuta;

- pomaliza kujambula wapadera wosambitsa tincture munali woipa mkulu mankhwala.

ubwino lithography

Motero, kuti fano anaonekera pamene iye anali wokhudzidwa njira kusindikiza ntchito katundu physico-mankhwala zinthu. Lithography zambiri amasokonezeka ndi chosema, koma ndi kwathunthu njira zosiyanasiyana zojambula. Chosema ndi amaonekera mitundu mwapadera anakonza. Kudula chitsanzo pa mtengo - kuti ndi chosema, lithography sikutanthauza khama aliyense waukuluwo. Chifukwa cha mankhwala anachita ndi chitsanzo kusindikiza pa mapepala akuwonekera. Chithunzi ti- chitidwe nthawi zambiri. Chopangidwa ndi lithography chitsanzo akhoza kukhala wosakwatiwa, wapadera mtundu wake. Komanso, lithography ubwino wosatsutsika. Ambuye, mobwerezabwereza ntchito lithography njira ntchito yake, dziwani kuti lithography - komanso ndiyo njira ndi wotchipa yosindikiza. Kuonetsetsa zotsatirazi ubwino wake:

- kuyandikira kupanga ndondomeko momasuka kusintha, kusintha chiwembu chitsanzo, kuwonjezera zinthu zatsopano;

- mwala nkhungu angagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza, pambuyo akupera izo kachiwiri;

- mosiyana chosema njira amalola kuonetsa zithunzi mtundu chilichonse chitsanzo mtundu umagwiritsidwa kupatukana mwala;

- njira losiyana omasuka wachibale wa ntchito.

zithunzi yosindikiza

Kotero kuti fano bwino, ndi yeniyeni, osati nkhope khungu, lithographic mwala ayenera wotetezedwa ndi makina apadera. Poyamba kuika kujambula wosambitsa, kenako maziko umagwiritsidwa chisanadze wothira utoto wapadera, amene anapanga varnish. Porous pepala kwa makina mwamphamvu kwa zochuluka yokutidwa ndi miyala inki, ndiye adagulung'undisa pamwamba ndi makina wodzigudubuza. Chifukwa ndi fano chitsanzo TACHIMATA monochromatic utoto.

oleography Kodi

Njira ya mtundu kusindikiza ndi kusindikiza pa thanthwe otchedwa oleograph. luso si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera lithography ochiritsira, ndicho chimodzimodzi kuika chomwecho zochita zomveka yosindikiza. Adalasidwa ndi misomali pa pepala lililonse mtundu amapangidwa mwa ndondomeko ku kuwala kwa malankhulidwe mdima. Pakuti aliyense mtundu osiyana okonzeka lithographic mwala. Yosindikiza lililonse mtundu umagwiritsidwa ntchito alternately kuti pepala limodzi la mapepala. M'masitolo kusindikiza polenga ndi kudziyerekeza pa pepala likumanenso wojambula, iye chinkhoswe mu processing miyala journeyman.

mitundu lithography

Masiku ano lithography - ndi m'malo njira n'kupanga wapadera madera a pakompyuta ndi zithunzi zomwe zili ndi nanometer kusamvana. Pali kuwala, elekitironi ndi X-ray lithography. X-ray lithography ndi njira zamakono zimene mtengo wa X-ray anadutsa preform wapadera amene akusonyeza mfundo zabwino chitsanzo pa gawo lapansi wapadera. The lithography kuwala ntchito pamene izo zimakhala zofunika kusamutsa chitsanzo kuchokera wapadera pakompyuta chitsanzo dera pa gawo lapansi la michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi.

Elekitironi lithography - njira imene cholinga elekitironi mtengo allocates mfundo zofunika za chiwembu kapena kujambula ndi wapadera photosensitive membala.

autography Kodi

Autograph ndi masiku yosindikiza njira imene wojambula amachita osati chifanizo pa mwala lithographic, ndi pa pepala lapadera kutengerapo. Mu chojambula ichi pepala ndi basi kunditumiza ku mwala. Ojambula zithunzi anayamikira anali ayesedwa, njira imeneyi lithography. Ubwino waukulu ndi kuthekera zina zachidule autograph kuchokera mu chirengedwe. Kuchititsa fano mwa pepala kutengerapo, wojambula amatha kupanga chifaniziro bwino ndi zopanda phindu galasi.

Lithography mu dziko lamakono

M'zaka za m'ma chatha pogwiritsa ntchito lithography chitsanzo tinkawasindikiza zipsera wakuda ndi woyera pa malonda, opangidwa mapu. Njira ya lithography kusindikizidwa mafanizo mabuku ndi zopereka kuphunzitsa.

Monga mtundu enieni a ziwembu chitidwe, lithography chimagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa. Njira yosindikiza amakhala ndi chomasuka ntchito amisiri chi kulenga zithunzi wakuda ndi woyera. Zithunzi anafunika Mwachitsanzo mabuku methodological, zothandizira wapadera, timabuku ndi magazini. Komabe, kulenga lithograph tsopano pepala kufunika kusindikiza. M'munda wa nanotechnology ankagwiritsa ntchito amakono mitundu zithunzi, makompyuta ndi kuwala lithography. Ziyerekezo lithography ntchito laser cheza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitukuko cha luso lamakono kuwala kusintha zida metrology ndi kukhazikitsa zina zokolola zake.