Ludwig Erhard: yonena, photos, kusintha banja. The German chozizwitsa zachuma Lyudviga Erharda

Ludwig Erhard, amene yonena nkhani zotsatirazi, ndi odziwika West German States. Mu 1963-66 gg. Iye anali Federal Chancellor. Kuyambira 1966 mpaka 1967 anali wapampando loyamba la Mkhristu Democratic Union.

Ludwig Erhard: yonena

bambo wake anali Mkatolika ndipo amake - Mprotestanti-Uthenga Wabwino. sekondale Lyudvig Erhard anali mu Nuremberg ndi Fürth. Pa World Choyamba, iye atamenya zida zankhondo za. Mu 1918, Erhard anavulazidwa. Chifukwa cha kuvulala ichi iye anapezeka ndi manja kwambiri wa dzanja lamanzere. Pamapeto pa ntchito zisanu ndi ziwiri iye ananena osayenera ntchito yadzaoneni. Ludwig Erhard ndi banja lake chinkhoswe mu tochepa. Komabe, zifukwa wakhala chimtolo kuti kupitiriza ntchito mu kampani ya bambo ake.

maphunziro a ku yunivesite

Mu Institute of Ludwig Erhard Nuremberg anayamba kuphunzira zachuma. Iye anapitiriza maphunziro ake anali pa University Frankfurt. Kukumbukira wophunzira, Ludwig Erhard ananena kuti ankasungulumwa kwambiri nthawi imeneyi. Tisaiwale mawu a wake, iye anapita ku paki kumene akulankhula mokweza yekha. Kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Frankfurt, Erhard taonera osauka kwambiri kaphunzitsidwe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, anapempha ofesi ya mkulu kumene analangizidwa kuti timudziwe bwino Frantsem Oppengeymerom. Iye anapita kwa mwamunayo. Kuyambira nthawi imene anakumana Ludwig Erhard ankaganiza kuti Oppenheimer - imodzi yabwino asayansi German amene anaika maziko a worldview owolowa manja.

kudziletsa maphunziro

Pasanapite isanayambe Wamkulu Depression Lyudvig Erhard anachita chinkhoswe kudzipatsa kuphunzira. Patapita nthawi, anaikidwa wachiwiri Director wa Institute of kuphunzira Economic Research ku Nuremberg. Mu 1942 kusiyana ndi Anazi anakakamizika iye kuti achoke m'banja. Chaka chotsatira, Ludwig Erhard anakhala mutu wa pakati kafukufuku yaing'ono. Izo analengedwa ndi "gulu ufumu wa makampani." Chidwi chachikulu linaperekedwa kwa chitukuko pakati pa kukonzanso chuma, kufunika umene ankaganiza atagwa ulamuliro wa Nazi.

ntchito State

Kuyambira September 1945, Ludwig Erhard anatumikira monga nduna ya boma chuma Bavarian. Ndiye iye anakhala monga mkulu wa dipatimenti wapadera polimbana ndi ndalama ndi ngongole ku njati lapansi. Mu May 1948, Erhard anakhala woyang'anira Dipatimenti ya Economic. Back mu 1946, iye anayamba kulankhula za kufunika kwa kusintha mu dera zachuma. kusintha Lyudviga Erharda analengeza pa June 18-20, 1948. Mu nkhani iyi, States anali ndi ntchito munthu pa liberalization mu gawo chuma Germany. Malinga ndi chitsanzo American, mmalo mwa Reichsmark anali anadzetsa ndalama khola. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Erhard anathetsa centralized boma kukonzekera ndi mitengo poyerekezera kwambiri pa zinthu. Choncho mabizinezi mu dziko amene ali ndi ufulu kanthu. Ngakhale kuti ankatsutsidwa woyaka moto wa Democrats Social, Erhard adathimiza kutewera owolowa manja udindo kulimbikitsa bata ndalama.

Ntchito boma la Germany

Pambuyo mapangidwe Erhard dziko anakhala nduna ya Economy nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Konrad Adenauer. Iyenso anali wolowa malo otsiriza feduro Chancellor. Pambuyo pa nkhondo Korea chinachitika "German chozizwitsa." Ludwig Erhard, anapatsidwa mavuto mu malonda kunja, anakakamizika kunyengerera ndi ntchito zoletsa illiberal. Mtengo wa zipangizo yomwe makampani ku Germany, chinakwera ndi avareji 67%. The mitengo ya katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka m'dziko ku dziko -% 17 zokha. Pofuna kwafalikira ndalama kunali koyenera kuti akagwire misika ya kunja ndi ndim'thamangitse opanga ena. Ngati makampani boma pa nthawi imeneyo anatsimikizira uncompetitive, kusuntha zikanangowonjezera kuvutika chikhalidwe cha gawo zachuma. Ndinkaganizira latsopano nkhondo padziko lonse.

Izi wafunsira mantha, kenako - ogula chisangalalo. Ndiye akuchita pakati Chancellor Adenauer ndi Minister pa Development Economic za vutolo. nkhondo anatenga lonse mwachilungamo lonse, kupita kuzisintha yopapatiza phwando. Analoleza kuti anapita Erhard analola kuti apeze nthawi. Pambuyo pake, Germany anayamba kugwira nkhondo yokha. Khola chuma ndi mtengo wotsika malonda awo ntchito anayamba kudzaza danga thandizo la mankhwala katundu kupanga yekha. Chifukwa msonkho wochepa mu mlingo Germany ndi GDP kukula m'ma 20, nditapatsidwa wokwera pakati zonse ndiye alipo m'mayiko otukuka, pamene mlingo wa ukuwonjezeka mtengo - otsika. Potsatira kusintha mu gawo zachuma wayamba kumanga kusintha nyumba.

Ludwig Erhard: Kupuma pantchito

M'kupita kwa ntchito yake, States kwathunthu anasiya mpheto ya boma malamulo, amene anali wotchuka kwambiri mu East ndi mwachangu ntchito ndi akalambula wake mu Germany. Erhard dziko ndi mosamalitsa limanenedwa ngati boma la Azungu, msika chuma. Mu 1963, Adenauer anapuma. Erhard anakhala mfumu yatsopano Chancellor wa Germany. Komabe, owongoka wake, amene ntchito bwino mu nthawi kusagwirizana lakuthwa pansi chivundikiro operekedwa ndi Adenauer, mwamtheradi si woyenera kukhala chimake cha nyengo yatsopano. Mu 1966, wapanikizidwa gulu lake, anakakamizika kusiya. Kwa masiku otsiriza kwambiri ochepa Erhard anakhalabe mu Bundestag, kazembe wamkulu.

udindo mbiri

Economic chozizwitsa Lyudviga Erharda anamuika wotchuka States a m'nthawi yake. Anakakamizika ntchito akukhala boma kulowelela mu gawo ndalama kunali kuposa weniweni. Iye ankadziwa kuti nthawi ya chikoka chachikulu maganizo zokomera amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana miyeso pa zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu. Komabe, cholinga chifungulo cha zomwe ndiyo kukhala ndi lingaliro Lyudviga Erharda, anali kusunga mtendere chuma ndi ufulu chuma. Kufufuma ndi centralism adani waukulu. Erhard anafuna kuchepetsa mawonetseredwe aliyense wa statism. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye sanayese kulimbana ndi mphamvu ya kukana. Iye anaganiza kuti zingakhale bwino kuika pa mbali yake. Zimenezi n'zimene akamanena za njira, amene anadziwika monga chuma msika chikhalidwe. Patsogolo chinapatsidwa mwa limagwirira msika, koma osati moyo pagulu.

Pomaliza

Erhard nthawizonse ndayesera mmene ndingathere kufotokoza mokwanira kwa anthu a kulunjika ya kusintha, zimene ankachita, m'malo, monga mmene anthu ankachitira m'nthawi ya 20, kuchita demagoguery. Iye anali wokonzeka kuti kukopa nzika iliyonse Germany mpaka nthawi monga iye sachita manyazi kuti si kuthandizanso kuti potsogolera boma kusunga mtendere wa ndalama. CSU mtsogoleri Strauss anakumbukira kuti, mwamsanga pamene anadza kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma, mu Erhard anauka talente wa kulankhula. Iye ali ndi chidwi ndi infects omvera ndi changu chawo. Erhard anatha kumunyengerera, mwamsanga ali yokha ndipo anapambana chidaliro cha mbali ya.