Luso malangizo - ndi chiyani ichi? Mitundu ya malamulo luso ndi zofuna zawo

lamulo luso ndi malamulo mu chirengedwe ndipo lili mu kukhazikitsidwa, ntchito ndi chilango cha amafuna kuvomerezedwa kwa mankhwala malonda, njira ya chilengedwe chake, ntchito, ogwira ndi ndodo ntchito, komanso wounikira mwadongosolo kugwilizana chofunika.

Chimodzi mwa zida za lamulo ngati ndi lamulo luso. Buku limeneli, lomwe imalongosola malamulo kwa lamulo zinthu luso. Yotsirizira angathe kutumikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, nyumba, nyumba, maofesi, njira kupanga ntchito, yosungirako, zoyendera malonda ndi njira yobwezeretsanso.

Ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa kwa bukuli ndi kuvomerezedwa.

Lamulo ndi lamulo luso. Kodi n'zotheka kuphatikiza mfundo izi?

Zikhulupiriro zofanana takambirana sitinganene kuti ndendende. M'malo mwake, luso malangizo - ndi subspecies malamulo, kuika zofuna patsogolo zina zomwe zikugwirizana ndi makhalidwe a katundu, komanso mphindi ena kupanga. Chikalatachi mwina muli mawu ndi matanthauzo terminology, ophiphiritsa kalembedwe, ma CD, kusonyeza kapena olemba.

Luso lamulo: chifukwa kuli kofunika?

Kugwiritsa zaumisiri Malamulo kukangana ndi zolinga izi:

• Chitetezo cha matenda kapena moyo wa nzika wonse, katundu wa mabungwe thupi ndi malamulo, komanso chuma, mwini amene ndi boma kapena oyang'anira tauni akuluakulu. zikalata zolimbana "kuzichita" zofunika za ndondomeko kupanga, komanso kupanga, amene analandira pa linanena bungwe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi zambiri, zinthu izi asonkhane ndipo TekhStandart, lofotokozeredwa m'njira osiyanasiyana a mfundo ndi zizindikiro. Compliance ndi malamulo luso, onse mfundo alembedwa mu izo, ndi chofunika yopanga ndi kutulutsidwa kwa katundu.
• Chitetezo cha dziko, thanzi ndi moyo wa nyama ndi zomera.
• Kupewa kanthu mwa alimi amene akusokeretsa anthu ogula. Apa, ntchito yaikulu ya lamulo - kuchotsa asankhe mudziwe Mlengi kwa wogula, zonama. Izi zipangitsa mfundo zolondola yekha. The chida chachikulu mu nkhondo choonadi - traceability.

zinthu

lamulo luso akutsutsa ndi:

• mankhwala;
• ndondomeko ya kapangidwe mankhwala, zotsatira, ntchito yomanga, unsembe, kutumidwa, ntchito, yosungirako, kayendedwe, kugulitsa ndi liquidation.

Gawo

Malinga njira atakhala zofunika:

• Kuvomerezedwa luso malamulo. Izi bwino amafuna mankhwala mankhwala, zomwe zimayikidwa patsogolo monga makhalidwe ena.
• Lofunika malamulo. Nenani amafuna ambiri, kuphatikizapo magawo khalidwe zomwe wina kapena mtundu wina wa mankhwala kapena ndondomeko ya chilengedwe chake.

Malinga mmene zosayembekezereka:

• Common luso malamulo. Tikhoza kunena kuti yopingasa kwambiri. zofuna otero, magulu yotakata mankhwala poyerekezera ndi mbali za chitetezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana: zachilengedwe, nyukiliya radiological, zamoyo moto, EMC ndi ena.
• Special. Dzina chachiwiri - choimirira. Anaikira subgroups munthu wa malonda, amene ali achilendo kwa chiopsezo yeniyeni zoipa owonjezera chiopsezo n'komwe mu ambiri malamulo luso.
• Makrootraslevye malamulo luso. Izi malamulo kuphatikiza ambiri ndi wapadera subspecies.

Lamulo la ntchito luso

Zinthu chikalatacho makina ndi zipangizo.

Mtundu malamulo luso - malamulo zokhudza yokonza ndi kukonza zida kuonetsetsa zolinga kupanga komanso mankhwala payekha kapena mbali pa ntchito, kusunga ndi kayendedwe.

Mpukutuwu uli ndi mndandanda wonse wa chofunika yokonza ntchito ndi zokonza, kuzindikiridwa ndi chofunikira awo ndi mfundo, anatsimikiza pafupipafupi opareshoni. The ntchito zovuta ndi njira m'chilengedwe ndipo mulole zosiyanasiyana zochita malinga ndi chinthu lamulo.

Zolinga

Kukonza ndandanda ntchito kuthetsa zida kulephera. Kutenga zimenezo, nkhani za kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• macheke nthawi yokonza ankalamulira chinthu;
• m'malo a mbali ya chikhalidwe anakonza, kutenga nkhani depreciation mbali;
• inakonzedwa m'malo a lubricating, yozizira zosakaniza ndi lathu pa nthawi opaleshoni ndi chikhalidwe cha zida;
• kukhazikitsa mpandawo anakonza chikhalidwe, kutenga nkhani mlingo wa avale.

Kukonza ndandanda ikukhudza ntchito mwadongosolo miyeso yeniyeni umalimbana kukhalabe zida mu chikhalidwe ntchito. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, njira imeneyi yothetsera mavuto luso zipangitsa apamwamba kuchuluka wokonzeka wa chinthu kulamulira. Mbali - kukwera mtengo. M'mawu ena, ntchito yokonza malamulo likusonyeza mlingo wapamwamba wa dzuwa la ntchito yokonza, komanso kukhala njira yamutengo kwambiri kukhala zida bwino, chifukwa mwina safuna nthawi kukonzedwa.

lamulo luso pa chitetezo cha nyumba

Nthawi malamulo yoti nyumba ndi maofesi: zomangamanga, unsembe, ntchito ndi ndondomeko yobwezeretsanso. Ndi iwo amene ali zinthu kwa bukuli.

okhutira

lamulo luso pa chitetezo cha nyumba - chidutswa cha malamulo amene amasonyeza minimalist koma amafuna kuvomerezedwa kwa nyumba ndi maofesi, komanso malamulo okhudza njira ya ntchito yawo pa kapangidwe zomangamanga, unsembe, kutumidwa, ntchito ndi kuwonongedwa.

Mndandanda wa zofuna zikuphatikizapo:

• mawotchi chitetezo;
• moto;
• chitetezo m'kati mwa khalidwe achilengedwe a njira mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe ndi opangidwa ndi zotsatira;
• chitetezo cha nyumba ndi zida amazigwiritsa ntchito;
• kugula nyumba ndi zina zomanga erection kwa anthu olumala;
• Mphamvu Mwachangu zomangamanga;
• chitetezo cha mmene ntchito yomanga pa chilengedwe.

Luso Malamulo ndi nyumba ayenera kwathunthu akuyendera kukhazikitsa ntchito iliyonse yomanga ndi njira. Izi zipangitsa chitetezo pazipita.

Luso malamulo galimoto

The zinthu ndi njira kayendedwe ka mtundu gudumu, potengera L, M, N, O, omwe anapangidwa kuti galimoto m'misewu ya ntchito gulu, komanso kayendedwe wa galimotoyo njira.

Luso Malamulo a njinga si kuphimba:

• Machine, ndi liwiro lalikulu lomwe ndi zosakwana 25 km / h.
• Zikutanthauza kuti kayendedwe, amene cholinga chake ndi ntchito m'misewu kuti si anthu.
• Makina amene akhala kunja m'dziko la miyambo zone Common Space Economic kwa miyezi yosakwana sikisi, nkhani ndi miyambo zogwirizana boma kuti sasamalira kuthekera kupatulana.
• Mayunitsi zochitika za masewero.
• Magalimoto za thupi siyana L ndi M1, amene chikalata zaka zosachepera makumi atatu zapitazo.
• Makina wachokera mu magawo m2, M3 ndi N, sananenedwe kwa amalonda mtundu zonyamula katundu ndi zoyendera kupanga zomwe kunayamba mankhwala 50 wazaka bwereza. galimoto ayenera kukhala choyambirira, komanso thupi kapena chimango, ngati alipo.
• Magalimoto wokwatibwa ndi mabungwe zamtendere kapena consular lonse, amene nawonso, ndi immunities zina ndi maudindo ndi mfundo amadziwika ndi malamulo a ufulu Interstate.

okhutira

Zofunikira za malamulo luso mtundu wa chitetezo, akuti:

• Popewa unsembe wa gudumu M1 ndipo N1 gulu la magawo structural amene miyeso n'zoonekeratu zinthu Vered ulemu kwa mzere bampala. ulamuliro Izi sizikhudza mapangidwe kuti kupereka zipangizo choyambirira mwina akhala imawunikidwa, gratings zitsulo masekeli mpaka magalamu mazana asanu, ntchito monga chowonjezera zoteteza kwa headlamps ndi avtoznaka nkhani pagulu ndi mfundo za fixation wake.
• Chiletso cha ntchito zinthu Mpweya umene-akuwononganso mu refrigeration ndi mpweya zida galimoto. Pali wapadera ovomerezeka mndandanda wa zoipa zinthu zina amapanga Customs Union Commission.
• Lamulo Kanema navigation zida "GLONASS" dongosolo, matayala, amene amakhala mu gulu M anafuna kuti ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi gulu N, kwa zoyendera katundu oopsa.
• zida chofunika luso kuyang'aniridwa zipangizo eni galimoto kulemekeza malamulo a kayendedwe msewu, ntchito ndi zina. Zofunika zokhudza malamulo magalimoto luso lomwe kugwera mu gulu la m2 ndi M3 (malonda zonyamula ophimba), komanso N2 ndi N3 gulu (malonda katundu mayendedwe).
• Russian mawonekedwe angapo a zipangizo kuti atumikire monga kugwirizana pakati wosuta ndi mtundu wa zamagetsi, kupereka phwando deta zithunzi ndi mawu, ndi configuring malamulo dalaivala.
• Galimoto kapangidwe awonetsetse ntchito nchito ya braking ndi chiwongolero, kupereka akuchitira kwambiri ndi kukhazikika ntchito yapamwamba, chitetezo moto, mubwereze za m'mlengalenga munthu kumbuyo gudumu, chitetezo magetsi, mphamvu Mwachangu, mulingo woyenera malo a gulu kulamulira. Komanso, makina ayenera m'njira yakuti ngati ngozi zoopsa amadza pa okhalamo a galimoto anali sanamvere ngati kuli kotheka, ndi kuthekera opareshoni achoke - mosavuta.

Compliance ndi malamulo luso adzakhala aliyense gudumu wopanga galimoto lake mankhwala imagwera pa misika ya mayiko amene ali mbali ya Soviet Customs.

Moto Malamulo Safety

Izi chikalata malamulo msinkhu, kukhala ndi malamulo luso m'munda wa chitetezo moto.

Malamulo chimatanthauza mfundo za chitetezo moto, anayambitsanso dongosolo gulu ndi terminology m'munda umenewu.

Zinthu malamulo luso monga: nyumba, nyumba, ntchito yomanga malonda, moto ndi kupanga luso, chuma ntchito pagulu.

okhutira

Moto luso malamulo kuika patsogolo zofuna zenizeni za zinthu khalidwe mafakitale, moto zipangizo luso, mankhwala ntchito pagulu.

The zili chikalata lilipo ndi malangizo ndondomeko ya motsata ziyenera a zinthu, amene ali pansi pa malamulo chitetezo m'munda wa moto.

Malamulo a Soviet Customs

Latsopano la Russia, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan mayiko analenga dongosolo logwirizana la ulamuliro luso. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo otere chinkhoswe mu Union Commission Customs. Pambuyo chikalata abwera kugwira ntchito, mfundo dziko akusiya kufunika kwake ndi zotsatira. Luso Malamulo a Soviet Customs - iwo ukuchita, zimene zimagwira ntchito mu gawo la maiko atatuwa. Ndi yabwino kwambiri mfundo chuma view.

Pali mndandanda limodzi la mankhwala ndi ulemu kwa zolengedwa ndi kuika malamulo luso Soviet Customs. Amenewa mndandanda zikuphatikizapo:

• magalimoto ndi makina;
• zida otsika-voteji;
• Mkulu-voteji chipangizo;
• mayunitsi ntchito zolondola zofuna gaseous mtundu mafuta;
• zipangizo zikugwira ntchito opanikizika mu kuchuluka owonjezera;
• ziwiya zimene ntchito opanikizika;
• zipangizo ntchito mu mlengalenga zachiwawa;
• zida lachisangalalo;
• zikepe;
• zoyendera zikutanthauza kuti akusuntha ndi matayala-mtundu;
• mathirakitala;
• makina ntchito zaulimi;
• Zipangizo zankhalango;
• matayala;
• anagubuduza zoyendera katundu sitima;
• anagubuduza katundu yapansi;
• yopepuka magalimoto, trams;
• Mitundu zoyendera apanyanja;
• Malomerki-khothi;
• madzi zoyendera mtundu mkati;
• nyumba;
• zomangira;
• zomangamanga zoyendera sitima ndi mobisa;
• msewu;
• pyrotechnics;
• mabomba ;
• mankhwala a makampani kuwala;
• zidole;
• mankhwala kwa ana aang'ono ndi ana achinyamata;
• Zamgululi amasamalidwa ana;
• glassware;
• zonunkhira ndi mankhwala kukongola;
• m'kamwa mankhwala ukhondo;
• atanyamula muli;
• zikutanthauza kuti atiteteze munthu;
• zida chitetezo moto;
• zipangizo zogwiritsa;
• ulimi wa ukhondo ndi luso;
• mipando malonda;
• mankhwala a makampani mankhwala ndi;
• detergents chiyambi kupanga;
• banja mankhwala;
• solvents ndi lacquer zinthu;
• feteleza;
• zinthu kuteteza zomera;
• Mafuta mafuta, dizilo, mafuta zombo zotakasika injini kanthu, mafuta ng'anjo mtundu;
• lubricants;
• meters madzi (mamita madzi), mpweya, kutentha, magetsi;
• chipangizo chifukwa cha golide wakuda, woyengedwa mankhwala mafuta;
• chakudya mankhwala;
• mowa;
• chakudya ndi zina;
• mankhwala tirigu;
• fodya;
• Chida masewera kapena kokasaka kopita, zipolopolo kwa izo;
• zipangizo kutumiza mauthenga;
• mankhwala a malasha ndi khala mu maonekedwe ake kopambana.

Luso lamulo pa chitetezo cha mankhwala a mtundu makamaka lili zofunika pamoyo, amene akuyenera kutsatira zonse opanga Russian, ndi Republic of Belarus ndi Kazakhstan. Apo ayi katundu wawo chabe musalowe msika. Chopangidwa mankhwala, komanso njira kugwirizana ndi kupanga ake, ayenera bwino kutsatira ukhondo yunifolomu ndi AIDS, ukhondo, Chowona Zanyama ndi zofunika zina zofunika. Komanso, mankhwala mkati mndandanda wogwirizana kwenikweni ayenera kukumana kuyendera wapadera kutsimikiza chitetezo chake ndi kugwilizana ndi zofunika zonse.