Mafupa a dzanja la munthu: kapangidwe. Human mafupa dzanja

Mafupa a dzanja la munthu akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo 4. Zoni chapamwamba ndi nthambi chapamwamba. Zikuphatikizapo scapula ndi clavicle. Kenako leni anatomical phewa, T. E. The gawo la humerus lapansi. Chigawo chotsatira akuganiza forearm, wopangidwa mwa ulna ndi utali wozungulira. Last - fupa chotupa. Mafupa a kudzanja Lamanzere ndi galasi chifanizo cha mafupa bwino.

nkhani mwachidule

Taganizirani dzanja mafupa mbali iliyonse. Clavicle ndi scapula ndi inakula, ndi mkono wawo chapamwamba zikugwirizana mpira olowa. Koma osati humerus ndi akulowa iwo. Iwo akutumikira monga mfundo kuphatikana kwa minofu kuti ali ndi udindo kayendedwe ka dzanja.

Kenako mwachindunji humerus. Kuti izo zaikidwa kudutsa chigongono utali wozungulira ndi ulna. Recent makina wachibale wina ndi mzake. Pa udindo wa dzanja pamene kanjedza akukumana mkati, ikufanana ndi fupa, koma m'pofunika dzanja patsogolo monga iwo kuloza ndi intersect.

Mafupa a dongosolo dzanja ndi zovuta kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mafupa 27. Zinthu zimene tatchulazi zina m'magulu angapo: dzanja, ndipo phalanges pastern, kulumikiza mwa mfundo interphalangeal. Ndi zovuta za dongosolo ndipo walola dzanja kukhala mosalekeza ndi mwaluso. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuchita ntchito amphamvu ndi ntchito makina, komanso amalola kuchita kayendedwe chabwino yeniyeni.

Kapangidwe mwatsatanetsatane za lamba phewa

Mafupa dzanja lamba phewa ankaimira scapula ndi clavicle. Ndi dera la malo awo ndi kugwirizana kwa humerus ndi phewa amatchedwa kunyumba. Komabe, anatomically phewa humerus, ndipo anati zinthu amapanga chapamwamba lamba malekezero. Koma, kuganizira mafupa a dzanja la munthu, dongosolo ayenera kuwerenga molumikizana ndi lamba phewa, kwambiri zokhudza magwiridwe a.

phewa

Fosholo - lathyathyathya fupa kumbuyo. Iwo ali mawonekedwe triangular m'mbali cham'mwamba, lateral ndi medial ndipo m'munsi, chapamwamba ndipo lateral m'mbali. Timapereka ndi unakhuthala lateral ngodya ya M'mimbamo articular, ndi kumene olowa ndi scapula mutu unali mu gawo lotsatira la humerus lapansi. Pamwamba chabe toti yomwe imakhala khosi tsamba, amene amaoneka ngati malo mwapang'ono. Glenoid M'mimbamo ndi ozingidwa hillocks - subarticular ndi epiarticular.

Tsamba iyoyomwe angapo concave pamwamba - podlopatnuyu dzenje - m'dera nthiti kuchokera thorax lapansi. Koma padziko kumbuyo ali ndi msana limene likuyenda pamodzi tsamba m'mphepete mumtima ngodya akunja. Mbali zonse msana olekanitsidwa supraspinatus ndi infraspinatus fossa, pamene minofu amagwira ndi mayina yomweyo. Izi atuluka outwards mu awn inali pamwamba pa phewa olowa phewa mafuta wotchedwa acromion. tsamba lina okonzeka ndi coracoid ndi, akukumana patsogolo ndi kutumikira kwa kuphatikana wa Mitsemphayi ndi akatumba.

phewa

Clavicle fupa ndi tubular, yokhota kumapeto S woboola pakati. Ali ndi udindo yopingasa, ndi pamwamba pa gawo kutsogolo kwa chifuwa pafupi khosi. Sternum medial mapeto amamangiriridwa sternum, ndipo acromion lateral chikugwirizana ndi scapula lapansi. Komanso phiri opangidwa ndi minofu ndi Mitsemphayi, imbaenda pamaso pa roughness padziko pansi, ndicho mzere ndi tubercle.

Kapangidwe ka phewa

Pa lamba phewa amapita mwachindunji mafupa a dzanja. phewa aumbike mwa humerus lapansi. Izi fupa tubular anamaliza mu gawo mtanda ndi mbali chapamwamba ndi triangular pafupi kunsi. Mapeto pamwamba korona mutu mu mawonekedwe a Chigawo, moyang'anana kwa tsamba. Pa mutu kumeneko articular pamwamba. Basi pansipa ndi anatomic khosi mafupa ndi timabamputimabampu ziwiri minofu kuphatikana. Kunja akukumana tuberosity wamkulu ndi zapambuyo ndi yaing'ono. Aliyense lokwera lilowa, koma pakati pa iye ndi timabamputimabampu ndi poyambira pa ndime ya tendon lapansi. Malo narrowest fupa umatchedwa khosi opaleshoni.

Thupi otchedwa fupa diaphysis. Deltoid tuberosity padziko ake akunja anaikira kuphatikana a minofu deltoid. A pamwamba kumbuyo ali chokongoletsedwa ndi mzere wa mitsempha zozungulira limene likuyenda pang'ono mwauzimu.

Mapeto wapotalikira ndi m'munsi epiphysis la fupa. Pali aumbike condyle ndi articular pamwamba, limene fupa chikugwirizana ku gawo lotsatira. humerus chipika - medial mbali ya olowa kuti zikugwirizana ndi ulna lapansi. Mbali lateral za ozungulira mawonekedwe - mutu wa condyle wa - zikugwirizana ndi utali wozungulira wa. Pa chipika maenje awiri Amawapatsa, kumene kuchoka njira ya ulna pa kayendedwe dzanja, iwo amatchedwa mabowo coronal ndi olecranon. Komanso chakumapeto wapotalikira kumeneko epicondyles (lateral ndi medial), omwe amagwira Mitsemphayi ndi akatumba.

Kapangidwe ka chigongono ndi mkono

The mkono ndi gawo la nthambi ku chigongono ndi polumikizira. Tsiku ndi tsiku, gawo ili mChipangano chigongono, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito monga muyezo. Chigongono olowa imakhala ya ulna ndi utali wozungulira wa mkono ndi humerus yokha. manja Mafupa a dipatimenti anapereka ulna ndi utali wozungulira. N'zokhudza ndi makina: Ray ndi mwayi atembenuza padziko chigongono ndi kayendedwe dzanja. Ndi burashi izi zikhoza zimayenda mpaka 180º.

ulna

Ulna trehgranna mawonekedwe. Unakhuthala mapeto chapamwamba, izo amaperekedwa ndi kutsogolo trochlear mphako kuti athandize ndi humerus lapansi. M'mphepete lateral wa mtengo umatha chidale, imene likufuna kulumikiza ku mutu wa chachiwiri dzanja fupa - mtengo. Pa mbali zonse za trochlear mphako kupita inatsekeratu zapambuyo ndondomeko ndi zapambuyo ulna. Mu mafuta kutsogolo ali tuberosity kwa kuika minofu phewa. Pa wapotalikira mapeto m'munsi mwa fupa ili ndi mutu. Articular pamwamba Amagwila nchito kwa articulation ndi utali wozungulira mbali zozungulira zace. Komanso mutu wa ulna ndondomeko styloid amaperekedwa ndi lupanga kumbuyo.

utali wozungulira

Utali wozungulira analandira thickening kumapeto m'munsi, osati pamwamba, monga chigongono. Pamwamba ndi mutu wa utali wozungulira, amene amalola kuti kugwirizana kwa phewa. Pamwamba chapamwamba mutu ali dzenje chimene chili chofunika Mphambano unali pa condyle humerus mutu. Articular circumference Mphepete mutu amalola kugwirizana ulna lapansi. The mutu mwapang'ono, akupita ku khosi la utali wozungulira wa. Kumbali lamkati la khosi basi pansipa tuberosity walola kulimbikitsa kukongola minofu ya mkono wa tendon lapansi.

Mapeto m'munsi mwa fupa amaperekedwa ndi carpal articular pamwamba polumikiza dipatimenti ndi burashi. Palinso styloid ndondomeko, akukumana outwards, ndipo mkati mwa chigongono Kadulidwa, lakonzedwa kuti pamodzi ndi mutu wa ulna ndi ziwalo. Komanso dzanja mafupa pa mfundo iyi muli zochepa interosseous danga akachita pakati m'mbali lakuthwa mafupa mkono.

dzanja

Human mafupa m'manja kugawidwa ndi dzanja, pasterns ndi zala okha. Aliyense dipatimenti wapangidwa angapo fupa ndi olowa kuyenda. Kapangidwe Zimenezi zimathandiza kuchita zosiyanasiyana zochita manja, deftly mwamsanga ntchito ngakhale ndi zinthu zazing'ono.

dzanja

Mafupa dzanja ikuyamba ndi polumikizira. Malowa ali pamtunda mafupa zitatu zokha, wamfupi ndi osasamba mu mawonekedwe. Izi fupa chofewa ngati siponji. Iwo anakonza mizere iwiri. Apa kuonetsetsa pisiform, triangular, lunate ndi mafupa scaphoid mzere umodzi ndi wachiwiri mbedza mmwamba, capitatum, trapezoid ndi polygonal. Mzere woyamba ndi proximal articular pamwamba pa articulation ndi utali wozungulira ankafuna. Chachiwiri mzere - wapotalikira olowa zolumukizidwa ndi mawonekedwe woyamba osasamba.

Ankakhala mu ndege zosiyanasiyana, dzanja mafupa kupanga otchedwa mzere dzanja la kanjedza ndi mbali kumbuyo amalembedwa convexity. Ku mzere wa tendons dzanja ali ndi udindo ntchito minofu flexor.

metacarpus

Metacarpus anapanga asanu mafupa metacarpal. Izi mafupa tubular, wopangidwa mwa thupi, m'munsi ndi mutu. Human mafupa m'manja yodziwika ndi nkhondo yaikulu pakati pa chala chachikulu ndi zina zabwino za chitukuko, zomwe kwambiri kumawonjezera kuthekera kwa chiwalo. Chala chachikulu ndi yaifupi, koma unyinji wochuluka fupa. Dayisi zapansi deta olumikiza dzanja fupa. Articular pamwamba pamene kwa zala akunja ndi mawonekedwe chishalo, ndi zina akuimira articular padziko mtundu mosabisa. Tinthu hemispherical articular pamwamba pa fupa metacarpal kulumikiza phalanges.

zala

mafupa chala ndi lopangidwa phalanges awiri kapena atatu: awiri oyamba, ndi zina - mu zitatu. phalanges kutalika amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda kuchokera pastern lapansi. Aliyense phalanx tichipeza zigawo zitatu: thupi m'munsi ndi mutu ikutha. Phalanx kutha pamalo articular pa malekezero onse, chifukwa chosowa cha mafupa articular ndi mankhwala zina.

Pakati pa phalanx proximal ndi metacarpal fupa la lalikulu (choyamba) chala pali mafupa sesamoid, tendons kubisika. Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zina munthu nyumba dzanja: burashi mafupa umatha ndi zinthu zina. mafupa Sesamoid angakhalenso mu malo amodzi pa zala chachiwiri ndi wachisanu. zinthu izi (komanso njira fupa) Ufumuyo minofu.