Ndondomekoyi ali nawo? Table chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti

Munthu aliyense ntchito kwa zaumoyo, kamodzi pa moyo wawo anapereka malamulowa. kusanthula lino likunena zambiri za magawo munthu dokotala wa boma lake. Chifukwa mankhwala ndi anakumana ndi ziwalo zonse za aliyense chamoyo amoyo, ndi kusanthula magazi amasonyeza zambiri. deta amene analowa ambiri kusanthula magazi kuti m'gulu kapangidwe kake, ali zomwe zedi, - kudziwa yankho okwana thupi ndondomeko tizilombo zikuchitika mu thupi.

Pofuna pang'ono magazi kusanthula m'pofunika kupeza kuchokera ziyangoyango chala, pinholes disposable yache wosabala singano (Lancet). Analysis ndiyo kutilimbikitsa kuchita chitetezo cha mthupi kanthu kunja, i.e. kuonjezera chiwerengero cha leukocytes kulimbana ndi matenda, kusintha mu thupi katundu.

Kuweta zizindikiro atayezetsa

Ndondomekoyi ali nawo? Choyamba, zizindikiro kwambiri nkhani.

1. Hemoglobin, maselo ofiira, reticulocytes - muyeso wa otchedwa "foni wofiira".
2. Leukocytes ndi mitundu yawo (neutrophils ndi lymphocytes) - zizindikiro za "matupi woyera".
3. ESR - Mndandanda wa reactivity ambiri.

Tsopano zambiri za zigawo m'gulu malamulowa. Kodi m'gulu tanthauzo la kuvomerezedwa, choncho ndi maselo ofiira a magazi ndi maselo oyera.

maselo ofiira ndi reticulocytes m'magazi

maselo ofiira - ndi maselo ofiira, ntchito yaikulu ya iwo - ndi mpweya zoyendera zimakhala kudzera hemoglobin. Monga hemoglobin, nambala ya maselo ofiira yonse ya moyo wa munthu-kusinthako. Atabadwa Chiwerengerochi apamwamba: 6,0 - 5.5 * 10¹² / l erythrocytes. Pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira mu amachepetsa mwana ndi kumapeto kwa mwezi 1 amakhala 4.8-5.0 * 10¹² / l. Magazi pa maselo ofiira pochitika mwamtheradi odwala onse.

Reticulocytes - n'zofanana ndi maselo ofiira, ndiko kuti, achinyamata maselo ofiira. Popeza ndondomeko yosintha wa maselo a mwazi mosalekeza, ndiye nthawizonse chiwerengero ena a mitundu imeneyi mwana. Kudziwa awo nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri pa nkhani ya magazi m'thupi kapena magazi. The yachibadwa reticulocyte kuwerengedwa ndi avareji ya 0.5-0.6 ppm.

Mlingo wa hemoglobin m'thupi

Hemoglobin - zovuta mankhwala, amene ali erythrocyte ndi, zikuchokera akhoza kupezeka kuti mapuloteni pawiri (globin) ndi mankhwala muli zachitsulo (heme). Ntchito yaikulu ya hemoglobin - kupereka zimakhala onse ndi mpweya ndipo amachotsa mpweya woipa kuchokera zimakhala m'mapapo. The hemoglobin zili mu thupi - chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri chosonyeza ulemu wa thanzi. Kwambiri hemoglobin mkulu mu akhanda - 175-235 g / L, ndiye mlingo wake amachepetsa. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mwana ponseponse - 120-125 g / L. Mu ana okulirapo komanso akuluakulu, malire apansi - 110 g / L. Pali maganizo olakwika kuti apamwamba a hemoglobin m'magazi bwino. Koma, koma, mkulu mlingo wa maselo ofiira ndi hemoglobin zingasonyeze zosiyanasiyana zinthu pathological. Mwachitsanzo, milingo apamwamba hemoglobin kungasonyeze thickening magazi, ndicho madzi m'thupi.

Total magazi mayeso kufalitsidwa zikuphatikizapo chizindikiritso cha zizindikiro zina.

Mtundu chizindikiro - kukula wachibale amene amasankha zili hemoglobin n'kofunika kuti tipeze tanthauzo la magazi m'thupi. Ndi zambiri mu osiyanasiyana 0,85 -1,0.

othandiza magazi kuundana magazi pochitika kudziwa matenda amene angakumane nawo magazi, komanso Kupeza Vuto matenda mafupa.

Othandiza - maselo magazi, okhudza ndondomeko za clotting magazi. Kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi achiyesa utachepa ku matenda ena, monga khansa, mitundu ina ya magazi, ndipo nthawizina matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Trobotsitov mlingo mu thanzi lake ndi mu uthunthu - 180 * 10⁹ maselo / l - 320 * 10⁹ maselo / lita. Analysis pa othandiza magazi kuundana patsogolo ntchito iliyonse imagwiridwa kudziwa magazi clotting.

ESR - chithunzi ambiri adziwe ngati ROE. N'chakuti chiwerengero cha millimeters amene kukhazikika mu chubu 1 ora. Pa ana akhanda nkwabwino - 23 mamilimita / h, makanda - 4-8 mamilimita / h ana okulirapo komanso akuluakulu - 5-10 mamilimita / lathunthu kapena kuposerapo.

ESR ndi kuchuluka matenda yotupa thupi, mosasamala kanthu za malo a kutupa, ndi kutupa zovuta kwambiri, ndi apamwamba ntchito. ESR mathamangitsidwe zingaoneke matenda oopsa, mu Zikatero kungakhale kwa 50-60 mamilimita / h ndi zambiri.

maselo oyera m'magazi

maselo magazi White - maselo kuteteza thupi likhoza malowedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina. Chiwerengero cha leukocytes pa yotupa ndondomeko nthawi zambiri ukuwonjezeka kulimbana ndi chiwonongeko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zina chizindikiro cha leukocytes kukwera chifukwa maganizo kapena zakudya mafuta.

maselo oyera sizilingana kuwonongeka kwa khungu, kuteteza moto kuwonongeka ndi kuteteza kufala zina matenda. Mphamvu za limatupa, m'pamenenso thupi limapanga maselo oyera, ndi iwo kugwa ambiri magazi. Kodi m'gulu zikuchokera mwazi ndi dongosolo la thupi m'thupi kulimbana ndi matenda, mungapeze mfundo za kuwunika. Mwachitsanzo, mwana chibayo, ndi maselo oyera si kuchuluka, ndiye chitetezo cha m'thupi sangathe kupirira, ndipo nthawi zonse nkhawa madokotala. Magazi pa maselo oyera apambane mu amaganiziridwa aliyense kutupa mu thupi, monga zinachitikira appendicitis, kusanthula izi zidzathandiza matenda mwamsanga. Kutsitsa mlingo wa maselo oyera zingaoneke pansi matenda ena tizilombo, poizoni, kuchititsa njira osiyana mankhwala.

Mu Kuphatikiza pa zolozerazi, dokotala ayenera kuona kukula ndi mawonekedwe maselo a magazi ndi kusintha kapangidwe ka maselo oyera, nthawi zambiri amathandiza kukhazikitsa matenda zolondola.

Complete magazi, lomwe limasonyeza tebulo, akupereka zotsatira za avareji munthu wathanzi.

Lililonse dontho la magazi, mukhoza kuchita maphunziro osiyanasiyana kuti kulankhula za ntchito ziwalo munthu ndi chamoyo wonse.

Total mapuloteni

Pansi zofufuza izi zikutanthauzanji misa mu magalamu a zedi ali okwanira 1 magazi. Akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri zidzakhala 55 80 g / L ana ang'ono pang'ono zochepa. Mapuloteni mamolekyulu, omwe alipo mu magazi amasiyana katundu wawo.

Khadili kuchuluka kunditumiza ku tuzigawo twa mapuloteni, chifukwa dokotala kuphunzira wolandira zofunika kwa mtima yake matenda ndi mankhwala.

Ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu zomanga thupi:

• Albumin - proteinaceous molekyulu kumanga madzi.
• Alpha-1-globulin, zambiri 3.5 - 6% kuwonjezeka mu gawo pachimake cha matenda.
• Alpha-2-globulin, zambiri 6,9 - 10%, woyamba kuyankha kwa ndondomeko ya kutupa.
• Beta-globulins, nthawi zambiri m'gulu 7-12%, kuwonjezeka akupezeka siteji pachimake matenda ndi kusintha mu mawonekedwe aakulu.
• Popanga madzi a gamma globulins, ndiwo chitetezo, amangoona 12-19%, matenda aakulu amawonjezera awo.
• C-zotakasika mapuloteni - mu zimakhala pachimake yotupa amakhala positive.

A magazi kuti shuga

Iwo ikuchitika kuphunzira zimam'patsa kagayidwe a kapamba ndi kuwunika. Childs magaziwo shuga kudziwa kuthekera a shuga. Chovomerezeka malire shuga - 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Nkofunika kutsatira ulamuliro: shuga magazi wachotsedwa chala chanu pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba m'mawa, pamaso pa chakudya ayenera kukhala palibe pasanafike 19,00, kuti ndi nthawi yochepa pakati kudya ndi kusanthula adzakhala osachepera 8 maola. Kumene, kusanthula wina ndi matenda si zotheka, koma zikuoneka kwambiri kwa matenda a shuga ndi matenda a dongosolo endocrine, ndipo ndi chizindikiro chachikulu kulamulira mankhwala akuchipatala.

grouping magazi

kusanthula izi kwenikweni asanakwere ntchito kapena mogwirizana ndi magazi. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kusadziwa, gulu amakhala chopunthwitsa m'banja, pamene gulu la magazi a mwana sali yemweyo magazi gulu la kholo limodzi kapena onse. Ndipotu, ndi pafupipafupi kwambiri ndi magazi ndi tinatengera pansi pa malamulo a chibadwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati makolo anu onse ali gulu lachiwiri la magazi, n'zotheka kuti adzakhala mwana gulu loyamba ndi mkulu. Ndipo ngati makolo oyamba ndi wachinayi gulu magazi, malinga ndi malamulo a chibadwa, mwanayo kukhala wachiwiri kapena wachitatu gulu.

Mimba, nthawi kulabadira nthawi zina magazi mayi anga RH alibe ndi mwana RH zabwino zimene tinatengera kwa atate wake. Pankhaniyi, kudziunjikira chitetezo, zomwe mwina ngozi za thanzi la mwanayo magazi a mayi.

mayesero chiwindi ntchito

Kodi amenewa chiwalo chofunika mu thupi, monga chiwindi, angathe kutsimikiza mtima ndi magazi. Transaminase ntchito chitsanzo anasankha limasonyeza chiwindi matenda ndi limodzi mwa imfa ya maselo kwa chiwindi. kuwunika imagwiridwa zasayansi aliyense amuzolengedwa, mwazi otengedwa chala kapena mtsempha. Amaika moyo transaminases zimawonedwa osati chiwindi tizilombo, komanso zotupa zina (kuvulala, amayaka, myocarditis, kuvomera mankhwala akupha, kuphatikizapo mankhwala).

A magazi kuti mafuta

Normal mafuta mu chigawo thupi - 3.6-6.7 mmol / l. Kumbukirani kuti mkulu mafuta kumathandiza kuti atherosclerosis, ndipo iye amakwiya zosiyanasiyana matenda a mtima ndi chifukwa cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.

atayezetsa - kuphunzira yosavuta ndi kothandiza kwambiri a chamoyo ndi chimene chili chofunika kwa mtima yake matenda wodwalayo. Nthawi zina m'pofunika kuwalanga mwamsanga magazi mayeso kupulumutsa moyo wa wodwalayo. Information kuwapeza kusanthula matenda amasonyeza anachita wamkulu wa chamoyo kuti ndondomeko iliyonse pathological, choncho kukonzekera ndi khalidwe zosowa zake ndi mfundo apamwamba. zotsatira kuthandiza dokotala osati bwino oterewa, ganizilani zovuta matenda ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala, ndipo nthawizina kuthandiza azindikire matenda pa siteji palibe zizindikiro zina palibe matenda.