Main chida zipangizo: mitundu, zopangidwa, katundu, makhalidwe, zipangizo opanga

zofunikira kwa chida zipangizo -. Kapezekedwe kuuma, kukana kuti kumva kuwawa, kutenthetsa ndi ena Compliance ndi akwaniritsa zimenezi kumapangitsa kudula. Kuti akwanitse oyamba a zigawo padziko mankhwala kuchitiridwa tsamba kudula ziwalo ntchito uyenera kukhala kasakaniza wazitsulo amphamvu. Kuuma kungakhale achilengedwe kapena kugula.

Mwachitsanzo, chida zitsulo zoduliratu kudula mosavuta. Pambuyo mankhwala mawotchi ndi matenthedwe njira ndi umapezeka ndi honing, mlingo wa kuuma ndi mphamvu ukuwonjezeka.

Kodi kuuma?

Khalidwe akhoza kumatanthauza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chida steels ndi kuwumitsa Rockwell kuuma ali ndi lakuti n'zosangalatsa kumva, komanso alifabeti HR ndi sikelo A, B, kapena C, (mwachitsanzo, HRC). Kusankha mfundo chida zimatengera mtundu wa zitsulo kuti ntchito.

Mlingo khola ambiri a ntchito ndi avale otsika tsamba kuti anapambana kutentha mankhwala chingapezeke kwa amalimbikitsa HRC 63 kapena 64. Pa m'munsi katundu index zakuthupi chida si kwambiri, ndi mkulu kuuma, iwo anayamba kutha chifukwa brittleness.

Zitsulo ndi kuwumitsa HRC 30-35, asonyezedwa bwino ndi zida zachitsulo, kutentha mankhwala ndi muyeso wa HRC 63-64. Choncho, chiŵerengero zizindikiro kuuma 1: 2.

Chifukwa zitsulo azichitira ndi HRC 45-55 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zida kuti zochokera zitsulo zolimba. Ndi chizindikiro cha awo HRA 87-93. Zida zochokera angapange angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza steels ya pansi oipa.

zipangizo kwake chida

Mu ndondomeko ya kudula ogwira ntchito amene amadza B10 kN ndi pamwamba. Iwo amakwiya ndi voteji Kumwambamwamba, amene mwina zikuphatikizapo chiyani kuwonongedwa kwa chida cha. Popewa izi, zipangizo kudula ayenera koyefishienti mkulu kukaniza.

Kuphatikiza bwino wa mphamvu ya chida zitsulo. Ntchito gawo zopangidwa kukana kwawo kwambiri kuti katundu wolemera ndipo akhoza kugwira psinjika, torsion, kupinda ndi kutambasula.

Impact yovuta Kutentha kutentha pa tsamba chida

Kutentha panamveka pa kudula zitsulo poyera tsamba awo Kutentha, mokulirapo - pamwamba. Pamene kutentha m'munsimu chilemba yovuta index (aliyense zakuthupi yake) kapangidwe ndi kuwumitsa sasintha. Ngati Kutentha kutentha amakhala kuposa mlingo kololeka, mlingo kuuma kugwa. Tili kutentha wotchedwa kuuma wofiira.

Kodi mawu akuti "wofiira kuuma"?

Likutchedwa wofiira kuuma katundu wa zitsulo pamene usavutike kutentha 600 ° C kuwala kofiira mdima. Mawu akuti zikutanthauza kuteteza zitsulo kuuma ndi kukana kuvala. Pakati pake penipeni amatha kupirira kutentha. Pakuti zosiyanasiyana, pali malire kuchokera 220 mpaka 1800 ° C.

Chifukwa zimene angathe bwino ntchito kudula zida?

zipangizo chida cha kudula chida yodziwika ndi magwiridwe mkulu pa apamwamba kukaniza kutentha ndi kusintha utsi kutentha kwaiye mu tsamba pa kudula. Kutentha zimathandiza kuwonjezera kutentha.

Kutentha kwambiri kusiya tsamba chozama mu chipangizo, m'munsi kutentha pa kukhudzana pamwamba pake. matenthedwe madutsidwe mlingo zimadalira kapangidwe ndi magetsi.

Mwachitsanzo, mu zitsulo zinthu monga tungsten ndi vanadium amachititsa kuchepetsa madutsidwe ake ikukhudzana ndi wodetsedwa wa titaniyamu, cobalt, molybdenum ndi amachititsa kuti adzauka.

Kumene koyefishienti wa kutsetsereka mikangano zimatengera?

Chizindikiro mikangano koyefishienti wa kutsetsereka amadalira kapangidwe ndi thupi katundu wa awiriawiri polumikiza zipangizo, komanso kufunika kwa voteji pa pamalo limene likufa mikangano ndi kutsetsereka. Factor amakhudza avale kukana zakuthupi.

Chida mogwirizana ndi chuma pansi mankhwala ikuchitika pa zonse anagubuduza kukhudzana.

Kodi kuchita zinthu nkhani ya zipangizo chida? Mitundu ya amavala mofanana.

Iwo yodziwika ndi:

• luso kufufuta zitsulo ndi imene anakumana;
• amakhozanso kusonyeza kukana kuvala, kuti ndicho kulimbana kumva kuwawa zinthu zina.

Tsamba avale kumachitika nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha chipangizo chimenechi wotaya katundu, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a pamwamba ntchito.

kuvala kukana index siyana malinga imene kudula chikuchitika.

Kodi magulu zidzasankhidwa chida zitsulo?

The chida zipangizo waukulu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa:

• cermet (zitsulo zolimba);
• cermets, ziwiya zadothi kapena mchere;
• nitride boron nkhani kupanga;
• diamondi kupanga maziko;
• chida zitsulo pamaziko a mpweya.

Zoimbidwa chitsulo mwina mpweya, alloyed ndi HSS.

steels Chida zochokera mpweya

zinthu Carbonaceous ntchito popanga zipangizo. Awo kudula liwiro ndi otsika.

Pakukhala chida zitsulo? Zida ali anasonyeza mwa kalata (mwachitsanzo, "U" amatanthauza mpweya), komanso chiwerengero (kanjedza magawo a peresenti mpweya okhutira). Kukhalapo kwa kalata "A" pamapeto pa chodetsa zimasonyeza zitsulo apamwamba (zili zinthu monga sulfure ndi phosphorous, osati oposa 0,03%).

N'zimenenso nkhani carbonaceous ndi kuuma index wa HRC 62-65 ndi otsika kutentha kukana.

Stamps chida zipangizo U9 ndi U10A ntchito kupanga masamba, ndi mndandanda U11, U12 ndi U11A anaikira n'kudzandigunda dzanja, ndi ena. Zida.

Mlingo wa kukaniza kutentha steels mndandanda U10A, U13A ndi 220 ° C, choncho chida cha zomangira akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito pa kudula imathamanga 8-10 m / min.

alloyed chitsulo

Chida doped zinthu zingakhale chromium, hromokremnistym, tungsten ndi hromovolframovym, doped ndi manganese. mndandanda amenewa ndi manambala, ndipo zenizeni ankachita. Woyamba kumanzere ambiri manambala akusonyeza chiŵerengero mpweya mu magawo ngati zili amafotokozera ndi zosakwana 1%. Ziwerengero bwino-phiko akuimira pafupifupi wa chigawo doping monga anthu a.

Brand X chida zinthu oyenera kupanga n'kudzandigunda ndi kufa. Zitsulo B1 ntchito kwa zotsimikizira yaing'ono-kakulidwe akufa pochita, n'kudzandigunda, ndi reamers.

Mlingo wa kukaniza kutentha zakuthupi doped ndi 350-400 ° C Choncho, kudula liwiro ndi nthawi theka woposa kwa aloyi mpweya.

N'chifukwa chiyani mkulu-aloyi steels?

Various mwamsanga zipangizo kudula chida ntchito kupanga Akamva kubowola, reamers n'kudzandigunda. Iwo amalembedwa ndi makalata ndi manambala. zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika zipangizo ndi tungsten, molybdenum, chromium ndi vanadium.

steels mkulu-liwiro anawagawa m'magulu awiri: zabwinobwino ndipo ndi mkulu mlingo wa ntchito.

Zitsulo ntchito yachibadwa

Gulu la chitsulo ndi milingo wabwinobwino wa ntchito akhoza zimachitika kalasi P18, P9, R9F5 ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo tungsten doped ndi molybdenum R6MZ mndandanda R6M5 amene kupitiriza kuuma osati poyerekeza 58 HRC pa 620 ° C. Zofunika oyenera steels obrabatyvaniya ndi mpweya ndi magulu otsika aloyi, imvi kuponya chitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo nonferrous.

Zitsulo ndi bwino ntchito

gulu zimenezi ndi monga mtundu R18F2, R14F4, R6M5K5, R9M4K8, R9K5, R9K10, R10K5F5, R18K5F2. Iwo amatha kusunga index HRC 64 pa kutentha 630 kwa 640 ° C. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zomangira superhard. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti kusita ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo amene kukonzedwa movutikira, komanso titaniyamu.

kasakaniza wazitsulo molimba

zomangira ndi:

• cermet;
• mchere ceramic.

Mawonekedwe a mbale zimadalira katundu zimango. zida amenewa ntchito pa HSS poyerekeza ndi zithunzi za mkulu kudula liwiro.

cermet

Olimba-zitsulo kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi:

• tungsten;
• tungsten ndi okhutira titaniyamu;
• tungsten ndi kulolerana wa titaniyamu ndi tantalum.

VC mndandanda limapangidwa tungsten ndi titaniyamu. Zida zochokera zigawo izi mkulu avale kukana, koma kulimbikira mlingo mmene iwo ali otsika. Zimasintha pa maziko ntchito chitsulo obrabatyvaniya.

The aloyi wa tungsten, titaniyamu ndi cobalt ntchito ku mitundu yonse ya chitsulo.

Kaphatikizidwe wa tungsten, titaniyamu, tantalum ndi cobalt ntchito milandu wapadera komwe zipangizo zina sizithandiza.

kasakaniza wazitsulo molimba yodziwika ndi kukana mkulu kutentha. Zida Tungsten akhoza kukhala umboni wake katundu HRC 83-90, ndipo tungsten ndi titaniyamu - HRC 87-92 pa kutentha kwa 800 kwa 950 ° C, amene amalola ntchito pa liwiro mkulu kudula (500 m / Mph kwa 2700 mamita / Mph pa obrabatyvanii zotayidwa).

Magawo azichitira kuti ndi kukana dzimbiri ndi kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mndandanda wa bwino grained kasakaniza wazitsulo OM. Mark VK6-OM ndi oyenera liza azichitira ndi VK10-VK15-OM ndi OM - kwa sing'anga kuti akhakula.

Wamkulu Mwachangu pa ntchito ndi "zovuta" mbali ndi superhard chida zipangizo Series BK10-XOM ndi VK15-HOM. Iwo tantalum carbide, chromium carbide m'malo, kuwapanga cholimba ngakhale atadziŵa kutentha.

Kuonjezera mphamvu mlingo wa mbale olimba, kuwaika wokutira ndi filimu zozitetezera. Zona carbide, titaniyamu nitride, ndi carbonyl, omwe umagwiritsidwa enaake anayesa kwambiri. The makulidwe ndi ku microns 5 mpaka 10. Chifukwa ndi wosanjikiza wabwino wa titaniyamu carbide. Mlingo wa mbale kukana itatu pindani kuposa mbale uncoated, amene kumawonjezera kudula liwiro ndi 30%.

Nthawi zina zipangizo za cermets zimene zimabweretsa ku Kuwonjezera okusayidi zotayidwa ndi tungsten, titaniyamu, tantalum ndi cobalt.

zoumbaumba mchere

Kudula zipangizo ntchito zoumbaumba mchere masentimita-332. S chibadidwe kukaniza kutentha m'mwamba. HRC kuuma index kuyambira 89 mpaka 95 pa 1200 ° C. Komanso kuvala kukana zinthu ali, amene amalola processing wa zitsulo, chitsulo kuponyedwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo akakhala pa liwiro mkulu kudula.

Kuti kudula zipangizo, cermet ntchito ngati mndandanda B. Bukuli lili okusayidi ndi carbide. Mawu oyamba a mchere ceramic carbide zitsulo ndi molybdenum, ndi chromium, kumathandiza konza thupi ndi makina zimatha cermet ndipo adzachotsa kotheratu brittleness ake. Kuchuluka kudula liwiro. Sing'anga kutsiriza processing chipangizo zochokera cermet ntchito imvi chitsulo chosungunula, zitsulo zolimba ndi chiwerengero cha kukonzedwa zitsulo sanali akakhala. ndondomeko imachitika pa liwiro la 435-1000 m / min. Zoumbaumba kudula kugonjetsedwa ndi zotsatira za kutentha. kuuma 90-95 HRC ake ali pa 950-1100 ° C.

Pakuti obrabatyvaniya chitsulo zinapita Kuthetsa, ndi cholimba kuponya chitsulo, komanso fiberglass ankagwiritsa, kudula gawo limene amapangidwa kuchokera zolimba munali boron nitride ndi diamondi. Chizindikiro kuuma CBN (boron nitride) ndi za mofanana diamondi. kutentha kwake kukana kawiri kuposa ya masika. Elbor m'malo inert zipangizo chitsulo. Kwamakokedwe mphamvu mlingo polycrystals pamene wothinikizidwa ndi 4-5 GPa (400-500 kgf / mamilimita ^2), ndipo pamene iye akufunitsitsa - 0,7 GPa (70 kgf / mamilimita ^2). Kukaniza kutentha ndi malire a 1350-1450 ° C.

Komanso chidwi ndi kupanga diamondi ofotokoza Ballas mndandanda ASB ndi Carbonado ISPC zino. Chemical ntchito yotsirizira nkhani carbonaceous ndi apamwamba. N'chifukwa chake ntchito pa kukulitsa mbali zopangidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo nonferrous zitsulo ndi mkulu pakachitsulo okhutira, zolimba VK10, VK30 ndi pamalo sanali zachitsulo.

kukana index cutters carbonade - nthawi 20-50 kuposa mlingo wa kulimbikira kasakaniza wazitsulo zovuta.

Amene kasakaniza wazitsulo akhala ambiri makampani?

Padziko lonse kupezeka chida zipangizo. Mafomu kuti ntchito Russia, ndi United States ndi ku Ulaya, ku mbali yaikulu mulibe tungsten. Iwo ali ndi mndandanda wa KNT016 ndi TN020. zitsanzo izi akhala zopangidwa wogwirizira T15K6, T14K8 ndi BK8. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito azichitira kwa nyumba zitsulo, zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi zipangizo chida.

amafuna latsopano zipangizo chida chifukwa chakuchepa kwa tungsten ndi cobalt. Ndi chifukwa chinthu ichi kuti njira zina yodalirika kasakaniza wazitsulo latsopano zovuta kuti mulibe tungsten mowirikiza akupangidwa ku US, Europe ndi Russia.

Mwachitsanzo, chida zipangizo zotsimikizira American kampani Adamas Carbide Co Titan mndandanda 50, 60, 80, 100 amapanga ndi carbide, titaniyamu ndi molybdenum. Kuwonjezera chiwerengero chikusonyeza mlingo wa linga wa nkhaniyo. Zochita za zipangizo chida cha nkhani limeneli mkulu mlingo wa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, Titan100 mndandanda ali ndi mphamvu 1000 MPa. Ndi mpikisano wa ziwiya zadothi.