Malamulo yaikulu ya mpira

Mpira - mmodzi wa masewera otchuka mu dziko, ankaimba ndi amuna ndi akazi. masewera, ndilo gawo osati maphunziro kusukulu, komanso Olympic, kotero malamulo mpira amadziwika onse. Kuyambira mu 1935, zonse Championships European, ndipo mu 1950 - ndi kupeza katswiri dziko. Iwo anali anatulukira m'zaka za m'ma XIX, ndicho 21 December 1891 chaka. Atate wa mpira imatengedwa Canada-American mphunzitsi James Naismith, amene pa nthawi ya masewera ntchito ku Springfield Mayiko School mphunzitsi wa maphunziro thupi.

Panali mpira ngozi, monga Naismith sanali kuuzidwa kuti masewera, koma ankafuna kuonjezera zolimbitsa thupi kwa ana awo, chifukwa mu nthawi yozizira, katundu ndi basi yafupika chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa. Choncho, m'kati m'mabwalo a American masewera sukulu, izo anakhazikitsa malamulo yaikulu ya mpira wamba mphunzitsi, amene anadzakhala Albucasis otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Kutchuka kwa masewero mu dongosolo la maphunziro thupi chifukwa zifukwa zingapo: choyamba, malamulo mpira osavuta ndi mosavuta aliyense; Kachiwiri, masewero kwambiri m'maganizo ndi zochititsa chidwi; Kachitatu, ali ndi ubwino thupi la ophunzira; Kachinayi, izo sikutanthauza mtengo kwambiri chuma.

Tiyeni tione malamulo a mpira. masewera amatenda magulu awiri a anthu khumi ndi awiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyo pa bwalo akhoza kupezeka anthu osachepera atatu ndi munthu pazipita asanu. khama Team ayenera kupita kuwombera mpira dengu otsutsa 'ndiyeno iwo mphambu mfundo, komanso kuteteza gulu lotsutsa, kugwira ndi kuponya mpirawo mu mphete yake.

Kumasiyana ndi ambiri masewera ena mpira kuti inu mukhoza kuimba yekha manja, komanso cholinga ndi kutiletsa kukantha ndigwire mpirawo pansi, kumenya pa izo nkhonya. Koma pali kuchotserapo Mwachitsanzo, pamene player anakhudza chidendene kapena phazi kuti mpira ndi ngozi. Mpira Malamulo amaletsa kuyenda ndi mpira pa malo osewerera kwa si kum'menya pansi, chifukwa mu nkhani atayamba nkhani Kubweretsa mpira - ichi imatengedwa kuphwanya ndi mpira ndi kuti azikatumikira ku gulu lina. Umapeza masewero ndi timu amene anawina mfundo mapeto kuposa Otsutsa. Ngati pa mapeto a masewera mfundo pa scoreboard a magulu a anthu ofanana, ndiye otchedwa anatumizidwa yowonjezera ndi msonkhano tidzakwatulidwa anawonjezera maminiti ena asanu. Koma pali milandu pamene ngakhale pambuyo owonjezera nthawi mphambu zotsalira ofanana, ndiye asanu mphindi tisonyezeni mpaka wopambana anatsimikiza.

Lumikizanani ndi mphete anaonedwa monga muyezo osiyana. Nambala pazipita magulu chiwerengedwa ngati kuponya yagwiridwira player ku mzere atatu mfundo, amene tikukhala lililonse mtanga. Izi zimawonjezera timu kupeza mfundo zitatu. mfundo ziwiri yagoletsa pamene kuponya linapangidwa kutseka kapena zosiyanasiyana sing'anga, mwachitsanzo pafupi ndi zone atatu mfundo. Pomaliza, ina - pamene mayina amapangidwa kuchokera mzere moyipa. Iye akuyamba masewero ndi timu amene player kugunda mpira molondola mu kulumpha mpira pa bwalo pakati. machesi ndi kugawidwa m'mbali zinai za mphindi khumi, ndi National mpira Association - mphindi khumi. Nthawi imeneyi pakati woyamba ndi nthawi yachiwiri ndi mphindi ziwiri zokha, nthawi yomweyo amatenga yopuma pakati pa lachitatu ndi lachinayi la nyengo. Kutulukira yaitali kumachitika pakati pa kotala lachitatu ndi lachinayi, izo kumatenga za maminiti khumi ndi asanu. Pambuyo pake, timu zambiri kusinthana mphete.

malamulo mpira kulola msonkhanowo pamalo oonekera, ndipo ochitira masewera a, ndi kokha kutalika denga la osachepera asanu mamita. M'litali kumunda ayenera kukhala ndendende 26 m, m'lifupi - 14 . Mamita The kukula kwa chikopa -. 180x120 masentimita Off pachithandara. Chofunika mtunda pakati m'mphepete m'munsi chishango ndi pansi -. 275 masentimita dengu imakhala ndi mphete zitsulo yokutidwa ndi gululi zomwe ziribe pansi. Malo a mpira kulemera ayenera kukhala wolingana 600-650 ga, ndi bwalo, mu nkhani iyi - 75-80 cm.