Mamaev Kurgan mu Volgograd. Mamayev Hill - History

Dziko lathu ali wapadera pa mbiri lapadera, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa malo kamangidwe, zikumbutso, zipilala. malo ambiri zofunika onse a anthu padziko lonse la Chitaganya cha Russia zikuphatikizapo Mamayev Kurgan mu Volgograd. Mbiri ya yomanga zovuta chikumbutso ndi woyenera chochitika, amene waukulu inamangidwa.

Mamaev kurgan

Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri ndi anthu okhala Volgograd, malo lachilendo n'kovuta kwambiri. N'chifukwa chiyani phiri pang'ono ankanena agonjetsi ambiri amene anakopeka m'dziko, amene anathandiza zokometsera zake, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani anatero lalikulu nambala ya wagwa pa chitunda kuti? A zambiri zinsinsi ndi zikhulupiliro zokhudza malo ndi chipilala yokha.

Kodi dzina "Mamayev Kurgan"? Mbiri ya funso ili sapereka yankho lomveka bwino. Pali Mabaibulo angapo, omwe ali mbali yake. Ambiri dzina kugwirizana ndi Khan wa Golden gulu, Mamai. Chiphunzitsochi zachokera chakuti pa malinga phiri ili Chitata. Nthawi zambiri anafuulira ndi zinenero Baibulo dzina la anthu a m'deralo otchedwa kutalika kwa "hump" m'chilankhulo cha mawu Volga Chitata kutchulidwa monga "Mama". kungoganizira wina amatanthauzira lomasulira mawu akuti "mayi" ndi drevnetibetskogo monga "mayi a dziko."

Msinkhu 102,0 - monga icho chinali kutchedwa pa zochitika kwambiri yoopsya ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mmodzi wa atolankhani lotchedwa phiri "chitunda" ndipo mawu amenewa anali ulosi. Lero ndi manda oikamo. Mulimonsemo, Mamaev Kurgan mu Volgograd - malo osati kwa dziko wotchuka, komanso choperekera mibadwo yambiri ya anthu Russian.

Mbiri ya chiundocho

Volgograd zipilala zatenga malo apadera mbiri ya m'misasa athu ankhondo, makamaka waukulu chikumbutso zovuta wodzipereka ku zochitika zazikulu ndi wamagazi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Pankhondo ya Stalingrad anali kutalika 102 pamalo abwino zofunika chinthu, ndi kangapo wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja limodzi nkhondoyi wina. Ichi ndi chifukwa malo Hrs wa chitunda - izo umaposa pa mtunda lonse, wakupatsani kulamulira osati mzinda komanso ulendo wa Volga, ndi Trans-Volga.

Kumenyana Mamayev Kurgan inali yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiri ya nkhondo. Zinatha masiku 135, ndipo kumenyana Stalingrad - masiku 200, usana ndi usiku. Chigonjetso chomaliza nkhondoyi adagonja Asilikali Soviet, izo zinali zodzaza ndi adani a 102 ndi kutalika kwa mbendera hoisting. Chigonjetso pa Stalingrad kunasintha pankhondo, kufunika ndi kumene kumasonyeza tsoka la chikumbukiro zovuta "Mama".

Mamaev Kurgan anakhala m'manda a anthu oposa 34 zikwi amene anafa Poteteza Stalingrad ndi madera ozungulira. Nkhondo itatha, izi charred ndipo litadzala ndi zipolopolo, zipolopolo kumtunda kwa nthawi yaitali akhala ngati chipilala kuti zochitika zozizwitsa ndi onse amene anafera dzikolakwathu. lingaliro kuti kuimika chipilala cha chikumbutso pa phiri mu 1959, ophatikizidwa mu chikumbutso cha Zimphona pa Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, yomwe inamangidwa pa Mamayev Hill.

Chikumbutso zovuta

Polojekiti ya chipilala tsogolo cholinga yaitali. Onse-Union mpikisano, zimene zikuphatikizapo osati mapulani, aluso ndi akatswiri, komanso zimalimbikitsa kukumbukira masiku amenewo, linamalizidwa mu zaka 10 chabe. I. V. Stalin anasankha mwa wamanga mkulu wa EV Vucetic, yemwe ankagwira Osema gulu la akatswiri ndi mapulani. Mamaev chitunda Volgograd akuimira mapulani ndi structural zikuchokera, amene amaphatikiza ndife mfundo katundu. Malo okwana zovuta chikumbutso ndi mahekitala zoposa 26, kutalika - 1.5 Km. Gulu lirilonse sculptural umachoka ena, koma amapereka mwayi kuona chithunzi chonse cha zozizwitsa ndi zinthu zoipa za 1942-43. ntchito inatenga zaka zoposa eyiti, kuchokera 1959 mpaka 1967, pa nthawi zambiri maganizo sculptural ndi mapulani anasintha, mulingo woyenera njira zomangamanga, analenga kwambiri limaonetseratu mitundu sculptural anapezeka.

zovuta

Pakali pano, kukaona chipilala akhoza kukhala aliyense. Anthu ambiri ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu lalikulu amakonda kuona ndi maso awo chipilala zazikulu za Nkhondo Yaikulu ya - ndi Mamayev Hill. Ulendo wa zovuta ndi kwaulere, alendo ambiri chisanadze kumudziwa, koma aliyense akunena kuti kukaona yekha pa msinkhu uwu, n'zotheka kuzindikira ungwazi wa zokometsera wa Stalingrad ndi kumva mphamvu ya chikumbukiro. Sculptural gulu motere:

1. M'dera pakhomo ndi mkulu mpumulo "Memory mibadwo".
2. Alley, chokongoletsedwa Lombardy msondodzi.
3. Gulu sculptural "Imirirani Imfa" pa lalikulu eponymous.
4. Mkulu mpumulo, kufanizira mabwinja a Stalingrad pambuyo nkhondo itatha.
5. Zimphona 'Square.
6. Yaikulu mpumulo.
7. Asilikali Hall Omveka.
8. Chisautso malo, malo a omwe - nyimbo "maliro amayi".
9. Misa manda.
10. "Mama wacemera" - chapakati chosema cha zovuta chikumbutso.
11. Low misa manda.
12. Oyera Mtima Church.
13. Asilikali Chikumbutso manda.
14. Arboretum m'tsinde mwa zovuta lapansi.

"Memory mibadwo"

Mu Mzinda woyamba wa chikumbukiro ndi khoma mkulu mpumulo zosonyeza anthu onyamula maluwa, mbendera, nkhata. Monga anaima ndi amisiri, fano limaimira chikumbukiro mibadwomibadwo, kuti chintchito ndi zokometsera wa Stalingrad silidzaiwalika. Namlambira kuti asilikali amene anapereka miyoyo yawo chifukwa mtendere ndi ufulu wa dziko lathu, kudzapatsidwa kwa mibadwo yonse ya anthu Russian. Komanso pa lalikulu pali Pamwalawo, amene anadzipereka kwa ngwazi-mzinda. Khumi niches kusunga urns lubwe ndi dziko anatengedwa kuchokera m'mizinda lodziwika bwino. Kupitiriza m'dera akutumikira popula Alley kutalika mamita 223 ndipo m'lifupi 10 m.

M'dera la "Imirirani Imfa"

Masitepe zopangidwa lubwe ndi mapeto a munachitapo msondodzi. Izo ukutha ndi dera dziwe, amene nyumba chosema cha "Nkhondo." Hero ndi mfuti mu dzanja amapangidwa chipika monolithic la mwala. zikuchokera umenewu umatanthauza nthawi yovuta kwambiri Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, pamene mtima wa asilikali Soviet anathyola chikhulupiriro mdani mu invincibility wake. Pansi matalala zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo adani anali anthu amene ananyoza imfa ndi kuyang'ana mu nkhope yake. Wankhondo anyamuka m'dziko lakwawo. Iye amuchita atithandize mu ora kowopsya pa nkhondo. Kudera la "Imirirani Imfa" mathero staircase wopangidwa mwa njira 200 - chiwerengero cha masiku usana ndi usiku, kumenyana Stalingrad.

mabwinja

Pamodzi masitepe kuti atsogolere ku likulu la zovuta chikumbutso mawonekedwe a khoma kutalika 18 ndi 46 mamita yaitali anapanga chosemacho. Pa makoma - nkhani yonse ya atasemphana amunamuna. Adapsa chipolopolo mabowo padziko TACHIMATA zikalata zawo ovomerezeka ndi malipoti ochokera zochitika za nkhondo. Nyimbo limodzi zikumveka maziko - anamva nyimbo ya zaka nkhondo, mawu Levitan a amapereka zinthu pa amadzibisa ndi chimenecho, chinaonekeranso phokoso la nkhondo. Reconstituted pachiswe chikhalidwe cha nthawi, kusonyeza mzimu wa zokometsera ya kumanzere a linga ndi kupanga ena lumbiro Stalingrad.

Zimphona Square ndi mpumulo yaikulu

Kuti alowe mu Nyumba ya usilikali Ulemerero, alendo kwa Mamayev Hill ndi mbali njira ndi yaikulu dziwe losambira, amene m'chilimwe ladzala ndi madzi. Zimphona Square, anawagawa m'magulu awiri. Kumanja pali magulu sculptural. A okwana malo asanu pano, anapanga konkire, mamita asanu mkulu. Amaonetsa weniweni nkhondo zithunzi zochitika za mzinda. 100-mita mbendera zinachitika kumanzere zinalembedwa mizere zimasonyeza mzimu ndi mzinda wa Stalingrad zokometsera. Yaikulu mpumulo - khoma limene aluso kuti linasonyeza zochitika za nagonjetsa Soviet, kupambana iwo, misampha asilikali mdani.

Nyumba ya usilikali Ulemerero

Kuika cylindrical mawonekedwe, limene lili pakati pa a-mita asanu dzanja kukweza lawi wosatha, akunena za mafano ambiri kulengeza zomwe Volgograd zokopa. Photo ndi chifaniziro cha chinthu mapulani angapezeke mu malo ambiri. Nyumba anadzipereka pokumbukira wosatha wa anthu amene anamwalira pa nkhondo chifukwa Stalingrad ndi Mamayev Kurgan. Pa denga la nyumba limasonyeza boma mphoto pa makoma - 34 mbendera wofiira, omwe mumakhala mayina a asilikali akufa. Wamuyaya lawi nthawi kuyala maluwa ndi nkhata, ngwazi ndi sanaiwale, otsala kosatha chiundocho.

Chisautso Area akutsegula amene akutuluka Nyumba Omveka. Center ndi gulu sculptural "maliro amayi". Sindingathe kufotokoza chisoni cha zikwi amayi, akazi ndi ana a asilikali amene sanabwerere ku nkhondo. Nyanja ya misozi lozungulira chipilala, amene limatuluka wosalekeza chisoni madzi. Mamaev Kurgan mu Volgograd - chipilala kuti Chigonjetso Wamkulu ndi masauko a anthu a Soviet Union.

"Mama wacemera"

Kunyada chimakwirira yense wakuyang'ana lonse chikumbutso zovuta ndi chipilala wofunika. Chosema "Mama" - chizindikiro cha dziko lathu, kuphatikizapo mizinda ngati Volgograd. Mamayev Kurgan (zithunzi za zaka nkhondo, nthawi ya erection wa chipilala, lero ndi mu ankafuna zonse, chidwi kuti chikumbukiro akudutsa ndi nthawi) Yesetsani kukaona alendo onse a mumzindawo kuona maso a ulemerero wake.

Pakali pano, ndi chosema "Mama" zili m'gulu la mndandanda wa 10 apamwamba mu dziko. Pa nthawi, iye apitirira erection msinkhu ndi adalowa mu Guinness Book of Records. Fano lupanga (33 mamita - kutalika lupanga) - mamita 85, ndi dzenje mkati ndipo anapereka ndi dongosolo zachitsulo chingwe kuteteza chiwonongeko. Mkazi wankhondo kuitana abale ndi ana ake kupita ku nkhondo zonse zimene amaikirapo mu dziko lino - uyu amaoneka ngati ife Mama. Fano waima pa chimbuzi cha chiundocho, maziko zobisika pansi, otsika pedestal amapereka maganizo lightness Mipikisano matani dongosolo. Usiku, "Mama" ndi akuunika spotlights wamphamvu. Iwo Tingaone kulikonse mu mzinda, ndipo ndi lupanga ubwenzi pa Volga. Pa phazi la chipilala ili m'manda a asilikali ndi alonda, pafupifupi 35 zikwi anthu m'manda pa otsetsereka a chiundocho. Mpaka lero, palibe ndithu kuti omenyana onse opezeka, kupitiriza zofukulidwa anapeza mabwinja umasamutsidwa ku usilikali Chikumbutso manda, amene analengedwa posachedwapa ndi izi kwa cholinga.