Mariya Ermolova: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Mariya Nikolaevna Ermolova - Star Russian zisudzo powonekera anatchuka chifukwa talente yake kwambiri. moyo wake wakhala subordinated ku utumiki wa zisudzo, njira wake wonse - ndi chitsanzo cha chikondi chosadzikonda luso.

Childhood nyenyezi tsogolo

July 15, 1853 anabadwa starlet powonekera Maria Yermolov. Wambiri ya Ammayi anayamba m'banja zokhudza bwalo lamasewera: agogo ake anali kamodzi serf woyimba zeze pa Akalonga Volkonsky, misonkhano yake, analandira ufulu wake ndi onse a moyo wake anagwira ntchito zovala za Maly Theatre, bambo a mtsikanayo anali ataima apo monga prompter a. Choncho, iye ayenera kuyambira ubwana Inabuka moyo mbuyo. Kuyang'ana powonekera kwa bokosi prompter, iye anali wotsimikiza kuti iye adzakhala Ammayi bwino. Iye ali ndi zaka 4 ankasewera pamaso pa galasi zithunzi zosiyana, ndipo makolo akulandiridwa.

Atate Yermolova anali nutty ndi luso umunthu, anawerenga kwambiri, utoto, analemba ndakatulo ndi masewero. Koma izo zinali khalidwe lovuta, ana ndaleredwa mu rigor kwambiri, anali sachedwa zopsa chiwawa mkwiyo pa opanda pake. Izi wasinthira khalidwe la mwana wamkazi, amene moyo wake wonse wodana anthu pa lalikulu, anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndi wodzichepetsa.

Phunziro maloto

Yermolova banja anali pakati pa anthu osauka, kusankha kwambiri, kumene kuphunzira, msungwanayo anali palibe. Bambo ankakhulupirira kuti ana ayenera mwana azolowere mavuto a moyo, makamaka sankasamala za zosangalatsa zawo. Mtsikanayo anali ngakhale ABC, iye anaphunzira kuwerenga masewero, amene anali wochuluka pa desiki bambo. Pa mwana wa zaka 9, anaganiza kutumiza kuphunzira pa Moscow Theatre School, panali free, "boma akumeneko" malo ku dipatimenti kuvina, kumene Yermolov lilembedwe. Ndipo anayamba zaka zovuta kwambiri moyo wake. Dance talente, Maria sanali, phunziro lililonse anali kuzunza iye, koma aphunzitsi ndi m'kalasi anaona luso lake luso.

Mu zaka 13, bambo anali wokhoza kuti angakonze mwana wamkazi outing woyamba pa zochitika mwadzidzidzi, iye anapatsidwa udindo mu farce "akwatibwi Khumi ndipo palibe mkwatibwi" pa Maly Theatre. Image Fanshetty Yermolova sanali pafupi, ndi bwino iwo unali, kuwonjezera, wotchuka wosewera Samarin anapereka chilango: ". Kodi si kukhala katswiri wa zisudzo"

Koma sanaleke maloto Mariya wa zochitika mwadzidzidzi, iye ankadziwa masewero onse amene anali pa Maly Theatre, anali wotsimikiza za ntchito yake, zivute zitani. Ndipo amakana kupitiriza kukhala chivomerezo cha ballerina a.

bwino kuwonekera koyamba kugulu

Marii Ermolovoy nyamuka sanali pazikhala ndi kuyembekezera. Ngozi zaka 16 iye anali ndi mwayi kuti awonekere siteji ya Maly Theatre udindo kwambiri. N. Medvedev prima zisudzo kukonzekera Benefis mwachangu kufunafuna m'malo a matenda G. Fedotova mu ntchito ya Lessing "Emilia Galotti" ndi mnzakeyo Mary analangiza candidacy ake. debutante chipambano kuposa zonse zimene timayembekezera, omvera anali odabwa za mmene oona mtima ndi zakuya za Ammayi aang'ono. Iye anaitanidwa kuti tiweramitse nthawi 12, zinali zodabwitsa kuti debutant a. Yermolov yekha pansi mu zolemba zake: "Ndasangalala lero." Koma bwino kuwonekera koyamba kugulu sanaleke maphunziro ake opweteka kuvina, zaka ziwiri iye anali kumaliza maphunziro awo pa sukulu ndipo patapita anamalizidwa kulowa njira Napempha kwa Ammayi kwambiri.

Zisudzo - tsoka

Chikadzangotha kusiya sukulu Yermolov pasukulu kwa gululo wa Maly Theatre. Koma kasamalidwe zisudzo ankakhulupirira kuti Ammayi wamng'ono ndi bwino sewero lanthabwala udindo, ndipo iye poyamba anapatsidwa udindo kumafuna vaudeville. Iye anakwaniritsa zosafunikira atsikana, naike mwakuya ndi mwamphamvu kuposa chithunzicho ankafunira. Komabe, udindo wa Masha mu "amuna ukapolo," Marita "Mkwatibwi The Tsar a" "banja chigawenga," Emma a Lida mu "Ukwati Krechinsky" Marianne mu "Tartuffe" anakhala iye chiyambi chabwino. Pakuti maudindo Maria Nikolaevna anayandikira kwambiri kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali kufunafuna makhalidwe, kuganiza za chitsanzo fano. Zaka zitatu zoyambirira mu zisudzo anayamba kuphunzira kwa nthawi, iye alemba ntchito luso, kuzindikira kuthekera kwawo.

A kuwonekera koyamba kugulu bwino ndi udindo woyamba kwambiri kusokoneza moyo Yermolova mu bwalo lamasewera, poyamba, iye ankakhala ndi kaduka ndi malevolence. Zinali zovuta oyenera kampani komanso chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake unsociable. Iye anali ndi thandizo lochuluka Shchepkin banja, achibale a wosewera wotchuka. kunyumba wawowo Moscow anzeru, ndi Mariya kutha kwambiri a ojambula zothandiza kuti zidzathandiza m'tsogolo.

Luntha zomvetsa chisoni Ammayi

Pang'onopang'ono, Opanga filimuyi m'phabvu luntha Yermolova ndi kukulangiza ake maudindo aakulu kwambiri. Mu 1873, iye anali mwayi zokwanira ntchito chifanizo cha Catherine mu "Mphepo" A. I. Ostrovskogo, iye anatha zaka zingapo kutsiriza ndi honing udindo umenewu, kubweretsa ku ungwiro. Luntha ali okhwima ndi wosewera ali kuti akaphunzire, kukula mu mphamvu. Panapita zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pamaso pa Maly Theatre kunawala mu mphamvu yake yonse woona latsopano nyenyezi - Maria Yermolov. Ammayi mu 1876 anabwera mawonekedwe kwambiri ndi kucha kwa zabwino. Mwapadera habitue wa bwalo pa Shchepkin SERGEY Yuryev pakuti anamasulira kusewera ndi Lope de A Vega "Nkhosa gwero" mbali Lawrence amene ali abwino chochitika chotero. The kusewera anali bwino yaikulu, khamu lachimwemwelo oletsedwa msewu ndipo m'malo akavalo galimoto ophimba naye kunyumba, ndipo kenako anapanga Ammayi mu nyumba pa manja.

Icho chinali chiyambi cha gulu wokondwa mu moyo wa Marii Ermolovoy. Limadzitsegula nyengo yatsopano mu Maly Theatre - nthawi ya chibwenzi. mphatso ake m'nyimbo ankadziwa mu maudindo monga Ophelia, Desdemona, Esterel mu "Star ya Seville", Elisabeth mu "Don Carlos."

Koma ulemerero wamkulu wa Marii Ermolovoy anapanga zomvetsa chisoni mwamphamvu maudindo, iwo anatsegula ndi chidzalo cha luntha lake. Phaedra, Sappho, Lady Macbeth ankaimba ndi Ammayi anakondwera magulu ndi otsutsa. Iwo atadziulula ake chathunthu.

Wokhudza sewero zamakono

Kumapeto kwa 80s ndipo 90s wa atumwi 19 Yermolov Maria akutembenukira kwa repertoire yofanana ndi yomwe sanafune masautso ndi pathos chibadidwe nkhani yakale. Apa akutsindika za mitu tsiku ndi tsiku ndiponso anthu alilidi. Latsopano mbali talente Yermolova anafotokoza mu masewero a Russian playwrights A. N. Ostrovskogo, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, AI Sumbatov-Ugine, M. I. Chaykovskogo, A. S. Suvorina. Iwo osati amayesa yekha mu njira zabwino, koma limanenanso Makhalidwe oipa.

The zaka zomaliza za ntchito

Kuyambira 1910s kwa katswiri wa Ammayi lasintha, repertoire nthawi zonse, iye sakufunanso kusewera chifukwa cha msinkhu wake. Mariya Ermolova anakakamizika kunena kuti udindo wa amayi ndi akazi. Koma mu nthawi iyi, iye anali kupambana kulenga, monga udindo wa Mfumukazi Marita Ostrovsky a "wotchedwa Dmitry ndi wonamizira ndi Vasily Shumsky" Mamelfy Dmitrievny mu "meya" A. K. Tolstogo, Fru Alving mu Ibsen a "yafupika".

Mu 1920, pooti phwando la chikumbutso 50 tili ntchito yake yolenga, boma Soviet salamula kuti mutu wa Chithunzi Anthu a Republic, anali Ammayi yoyamba m'mbiri kulandira udindo umenewu. Boma Soviet mu 70s wa ngalawa m'ma 20 anapezerapo "Mariya Ermolova," womwe unawonjezera dzina lake ndi gulu lonse la zonyamula watercraft.

Mu 1923, iye mwalamulo masamba siteji. Koma akupitiriza kukaimba monga reciter andakatulo, anakumana ndi omvera.

udindo yabwino

Ammayi Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna ali wamphamvu zomvetsa chisoni talente, pakuti moyo wake, ndiwo pa siteji kuposa zithunzi 300. Koma udindo otsutsa waukulu ndacha Joan waku Arc mu "Chimwana cha Orleans" Schiller. Izi kuisewera iyo kwa zaka zambiri "amamenya" kuchokera kufufuza, ndi kokha mu 1884 ku siteji chilolezo anapatsidwa. Pa zaka 18, bwanji sanapite pa siteji, ndi Yermolov mu yekha kunakopa. Mwa maudindo bwino mulinso: ". Zima ndi nthano" Negin mu "Maluso ndi admirers" Ostrovsky, Kruchinina mu sewero lake "Kuchimwira Popanda Wolakwa" Mary Stuart mu sewero Schiller a, Phaedra Racine, Hermione la Shakespeare

Marii Ermolovoy zisudzo - kwaziwonetsero zinachitikira ndi imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza. Iye ophatikizidwa dongosolo la K. S. Stanislavskogo.

Ulemerero Ammayi amadziwika lero okha a m'nthawi yake, Marii Ermolovoy zithunzi musati kusonyeza onse wachikoka ake zamatsenga ndi zisudzo ake pa filimu sanali anajambula. Komabe, amadziwika kuti chidwi omvera kuya ndi mphamvu zambiri, anali kufotokoza bwinobwino kayendedwe kwambiri wochenjera wa moyo ndi mzimu.

zachinsinsi

m'nthawi onse ankanena kuti moyo Yermolov anali wodzichepetsa ndi wodzichepetsa munthu, iye sanafune zapamwamba, anyalanyaza yaing'ono. Chotero, zokongoletsa pa zinangokhala kuonedwa chingwe a ngale, kuchokera zovala iye ankakonda wakuda kavalidwe kumveka. M'nyumba zinali wowuma mtima kwambiri chilengedwe, ndiye chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa anapereka omvera.

Yermolov anakwatira Nikolaya Shubinskogo ngakhale ndili wamng'ono chikondi chachikulu, amene mwamsanga ankakhala moyo wotayirira, ndipo anapeza dissimilarity kwambiri anthu a m'nkhaniyi ndi maganizo a mwamuna kapena mkazi. Koma Mariya Nikolaevna Ermolova moyo anapitiriza kukhala ndi munthu sakondedwa kwa mwana wake wamkazi. M'nthawi anati kuti patapita agwidwa ndi chikondi chachikulu ndi wasayansi tikukhala mu Europe. Yermolov koma sanayese n'komwe kupasuka ukwati.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, moyo wa ake wosangalala kwambiri anapulumutsa mdzukulu Nick, amene anakhala nthawi yambiri. 12 pa March 1928 anamwalira kwambiri Russian Ammayi Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna.