Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti: zoyimira ndi makhalidwe

Mitundu yonse ya masewera yozizira kawirikawiri ndikupeza awiri zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Izi umodzi ndi Masewerera a Biathlon. The Soviet Union, kenako Russia, nthawizonse zakhala amanyadira nyota awo ndi zamasewera izi. Pezani osachepera Kharlamov chomwecho mu umodzi kapena Tikhonov (zinayi nthawi Olympic ngwazi) mu Masewerera a Biathlon lapansi. Ndi umodzi zida ndi bwino - skates, ndodo zisoti. Ndi Masewerera a Biathlon zambiri chidwi ndi wokongola, chifukwa kwenikweni ndi awiri masewera - kutsetsereka ndi kuwombera. komanso mwaulemu kuti zipangizo zonse ndi kayendedwe ka momveka bwino: chinthu chachikulu - ndikulingalira lubricant kwa nyengo, koma ndi chida biathlete, ndilo mfuti, si yapafupi. Party posankha yovuta ya mtunduwu chifukwa cha kupambana izi zimatengera pa kuwombera. othamanga Choncho odziwa bwino wosakanikirana ndi kusankha zida. Ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti? Yerekezerani kuti Adzaperekedwa ku tcheru wowerenga za m'tsogolo nkhaniyi. Padakali pano, ife kupanga ulendo pang'ono mu mbiriyakale ndipo tikupeza pamene ndipo zinthu zinali anachita mtundu uwu zida zamasewera.

A mbiri pang'ono

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anali wotchuka kwambiri asilikali kulondera, kwenikweni anali zinachitika wa Masewerera a Biathlon ano. Zida panthawiyo kukhala ochiritsira Army nkhondowo Mosin mfuti, kumene wathunthu anafika ndi mpeni. Mwa njira, iwo anali mu utumiki ndi asilikali Soviet pa nkhondo ndi Germany.

Pambuyo kutsutsana kwambiri, International Olympic Committee, mu 1960, panali nthawi yaitali kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ntchito Masewerera a Biathlon pa Zima Olympic. Pakuti othamanga Soviet Kalashnikov Concern kwa experimental kupanga chikalata mfuti "Masewerera a Biathlon-59." Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti pamaso anali pa nthawi diopter. Amagwiritsidwanso okonzeka ndi zomangira kunyamula ndi wapadera chivundikiro zozitetezera. Kulemera Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti pamene osati malamulo.

Inde pa wamakono ndi kusintha kwa

Pambuyo Zima Olympic mu 1960 Sherstyakov zida mlengi, kutenga monga maziko a Mosin mfuti, kutulutsa chida watsopano Masewerera a Biathlon lapansi. Chitsanzo, limene kunapezeka chifukwa anapanga Mabaibulo awiri, ndipo dzina lake linali, malingana likungosonyeza "Biatlon zina kuti adzipeza 7.62" ndi "Biatlon zina kuti adzipeza 6,5 '(makatiriji thereto anali miyeso ya 7.62 ndi mamilimita 6.5 ndi mm, motero).

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi anabweretsa Soviet biathletes woyamba Olympic bwino, makamaka Vladimir Melanin mu 1964 Zima Olympic mu Innsbruck anatha kupambana woyamba golide Mendulo mu Masewerera a Biathlon lapansi.

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri oyambirira akuyamba "Masewerera a Biathlon B-4" kutulutsidwa kwa mfuti yatsopano, kuwombera imene ikuchitika ndi rimfire zipolopolo. Lachitsanzo anali kulemera kwambiri m'munsi. Kenako zachilendo linatulutsidwa chabe chaka amasulidwe m'mbuyomo, ndipo dzina la "Masewerera a Biathlon zina kuti adzipeza 5." Yowotcha kunachitidwa makatiriji chapakati nkhondo kuti anatenga likungosonyeza 5.6 mm. Ndi ndi mfuti ili ndi chionetsero cha kupambana kwa golide zinayi nthawi Olympic ngwazi Aleksandra Tihonova.

mukupanga zida

Osati Soviet Union anathanso kupanga zida Masewerera a Biathlon. Tikumbukenso ndi opanga yachilendo. Yotchuka kwambiri makampani monga "Anschutz" ndi "Walter" ku Germany, "Sako" anapanga Finland ndi Austria "Staer Mannlicher."

"Anschutz" kwambiri kudziwika ndi untwisted Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti. Zinali utsogoleri wa kampani imeneyi wadzitcha gulu la German Army Masewerera a Biathlon kukhala ndi mfuti chifukwa Masewerera a Biathlon, umene mokwanira kukonza othamanga German malinga ndi muyezo monga mayiko ndi angadzachite mphamvu. Choncho, kulenga zida nawo bwino ang'ono-likungosonyeza mfuti, umene panthawi imeneyo unali "Antshutts 54", ndi kutsiriza izo pansi maloimpulsnogo katiriji chapakati poyatsira, amene anali .222 likungosonyeza.

kusintha zinthu zofunika

1978 imatengedwa wofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha Masewerera a Biathlon. The kusintha kwa zida ang'ono-likungosonyeza anapanga masewera lomwenso ndi ambiri. Ndipo E la chochitika chofunika inali yofanana German olimba "Anschutz", amene anatumidwa ndi m'dziko lake ndipo anamanga zida zotere. Mayiko amene othamanga anali bwino masewerawo, womwe Soviet Union, Norway, Finland ndi United States sanafune amataya maudindo awo mu Masewerera a Biathlon dziko ndi kusuntha ndi zida zankhondo ang'ono-likungosonyeza.

Choncho, chifukwa voti, imene ikuchitika kuti asamukire likungosonyeza latsopano, panali mbali makamaka odzipereka kwa chida latsopano. Ndipo apo unachitikira "akuyendeni pansi ndale" wa chipani Austria amene anakana kugwira World Cup ku Masewerera a Biathlon mu 1978, ngati zida zatsopano sadzayanjidwa mu utumiki. anthu atatu kuvota kusintha zochita zawo pachiyambi, ndi muyezo ndi adagadabula mokomera chitsanzo latsopano.

Choncho, Mlengi German ndi akatswiri gawanikani atsogoleri a Masewerera a Biathlon dziko, aliyense m'dera lawo. Anapanga muyezo masewera zida mtundu: misa ayenera kukhala osachepera makilogalamu 3.5, likungosonyeza mfuti Masewerera a Biathlon - 5.6 mm, kwambiri imadziwika monga .22lr. Zipolopolo ayenera kukhala rimfire.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ang'ono-likungosonyeza chida anali kuchepa mtunda zikhudze -. Tsopano ndi 50 mamita biathletes German anapambana asanu ndi awiri a mendulo zisanu ndi zinayi zagolide pa Masewerera a Biathlon World Championships mu 1978, unachitikira pa malamulo atsopano. Mutu mphunzitsi wa USSR Alexander Privalov, wopambana kale mphoto ya awiri Games Olympic, ananena kuti ntchito zoopsa za timu ya dziko la USSR si m'malo zida, ndi mtundu watsopano wa zipangizo ntchito molakwa chikufanana mafuta.

Yankho chokwanira kusintha malamulo

Gunsmiths ndipo okonza pa Izhmash (Izhevsk Machine Nyumba Bzalani) mwachangu anayambitsa mfuti latsopano "Masewerera a Biathlon B-6," lomwe lili makatiriji felemu-moto, malinga ndi zofunika latsopano.

Chinsinsi cha chotero mofulumira amasulidwe zida zatsopano chafotokozedwa banal ndithu: mofanana mu 60s oyambirira, ntchito maziko a Mosin mfuti, zitsanzo "Masewerera a Biathlon zina kuti adzipeza 7.62" ndi "Masewerera a Biathlon-zina kuti adzipeza 6.5" yapangidwa, ndi nthawi iyi okonza ndatsiriza mabaibulo "Ural-5-1" ndi "Ural-6-1" ndipo analengedwa ndi zakuya wamakono "Masewerera a Biathlon zina kuti adzipeza 6".

chipangizo mfuti

Air mfuti Masewerera a Biathlon pafupifupi chimodzimodzi opanga onse ndi losiyana okha chinthu mayunitsi mawonekedwe ndi ena malo enieni. Mulimonsemo, kusiyana konse ndi malamulo ndi mwamphamvu ankalamulira. Biatlonnaya mfuti, amene chipangizo tichipeza zigawo muyezo ndi asilikali, ali ndi mbiya, bokosi matabwa, chipata choyambitsa kuona ndi sitolo. Kamangidwe amalola mbuyo likafunika kusintha miyeso yake liniya powonjezera zisindikizo zina. Muyeneranso lamba kwa mfuti Masewerera a Biathlon. Agwiritsidwa yekha chikwama Baibulo, lomwe ndi njira othandiza kwambiri. Pamaso Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti ayenera kokha diopter, ntchito ndi kuwala choletsedwa.

Payekha zikhoza kusintha kusintha mbali zina za mfuti Mwachitsanzo, "tsaya" (chapamwamba mbali ya mbuyo) ndi lamba ndi mbedza kwa legeni. Likulu Unyinji wa manja zikhoza kusintha ndi kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kugwirizanitsa zolemera. Rapid overcharging mfuti, popanda kusintha malo a wothamanga anachita kudzera ndi limagwirira tiyipukuse kuti Amatseka mbiya inabala kudzera nkhwangwa ofukula za kasinthasintha.

chimakwirira zoteteza kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo za chitetezo mitundu yonse ya mbiya njira kuipitsidwa, chida pamaso ndiponso moyang'ana m'tsogolo. Kamangidwe ka limagwirira shutter optimally kusintha mphamvu kukanikiza, sunthani choyambitsa cha hule, komanso chikhalidwe cha otsetsereka popanda disassembly zida. Maonekedwe a Masewerera a Biathlon malamulo ake akhala anavomera: tiyeni kutsetsereka longitudinally onsewo bawuti Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti ndipo patapita zochitika za 1978 chilolezo ntchito zitsanzo ndi mamangidwe zosiyanasiyana limagwirira lapansi.

Shutter dongosolo kotheratu "Anschutz"

Kampani, umene ukugwira zotsimikizira mfuti zamasewera, akufotokozera zipange chida kuti akuphatikizapo chipata. The German amapanga "Anschutz" amagwiritsa shutter, kapangidwe imene anayamba mu 1935, nthawi zonse kuwongolera izo.

Isanafike 1984, zida zonse za mtunduwu amapangidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu structural ndi makina limagwirira. Pambuyo 1984, a gunsmith P. Fortner pa mfuti shutter limagwirira popanda chenjezo, ndi mamangidwe ntchito pa zitsanzo zonse za kampani "Anschutz" lero. Chinthu chapadera mwa zipangizozi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mu kukula, pakalibe Onyamula Zazitali Ayi wofunikila makatiriji mkulu-yotsiriza.

Kutsegulaso mfuti anapanga lophweka ndi zala ziwiri: index chala kukoka chogwirira, pangani cocking shutter, ndipo n'zosiyana ake ndi kukanikiza kumbuyo kwa limagwirira ya chala choyamba. Komanso, kudalirika kwa chida pamene recharging bwanji ejector ndi Sola, omwe chifukwa zinalengedwera molondola ntchito zawo pa otsika kutentha mlengalenga.

mavavu ena ziwembu

Finns ali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito watsopano shutter kapangidwe mu chitsanzo Finnbiathlon, chopangidwa ndi Tampeeren Asepaja. limagwirira ali ndi liwiro longitudinally-kutsetsereka, ndi kuyang'ana.

Zotsatirazi iwo ku Soviet Union limapezekanso Masewerera a Biathlon mfuti "B-7", ndi shutter amene ali ndi dongosolo lomwelo. Tikumbukenso nyota za zida kwambiri mlengi Susloparova. Iye anali wokhoza mu nthawi yochepa kukonzekera kuti chichitike mu Moscow Olympic zinachitika "B-7-2", amene anapitilira chitukuko cha zida za masewero wotchuka kwambiri wakuti "Masewerera a Biathlon". Polankhula pa masewero a Olympic ndi chitsanzo latsopano, kale odziwika Alexander Tikhonov anapambana golide wake chachinayi Mendulo mu kulandirana lapansi. Mwa njira, yotsatira awiri Zima Olympic biathletes ku Soviet Union mothandizidwa ndi mfuti imeneyi anatenga golide mu mtundu kulandirana.

mfuti Development "Masewerera a Biathlon" zino

Pamaziko a wotchuka mfuti "B-7-2" mu 90s oyambirira anayamba ndi kutengedwa kwa utumiki biathletes chitsanzo, "B-7-3" ndi "B-7-4". Kayendedwe ka moyo wa zopangidwa awa ndi patsogolo nthawi zonse lidzakhalapo mpaka Zima Olympic ku Vancouver.

Kuyambira mu 1991, zofunika waukulu mikono ndi Masewerera a Biathlon othamanga Kalashnikov Concern, anayamba kupanga chitsanzo latsopano "B-7-2". Kuwombera kwa mfuti Masewerera a Biathlon ija kukhala .22lr zipolopolo likungosonyeza rimfire kukhala, mogwirizana ndi mfundo ambiri amavomereza mu 1978. Kugonjera chifukwa kusinthanitsa masitolo, mphamvu zomwe lidzakhalapo kwa zipolopolo asanu. Kuphatikizanso monga muyezo, ndi zida zina chipangizo, kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zitatu. masitolo anayi pa mpikisano ali mu tepi wapadera umene Ufumuyo mfuti mbuyo.

Zungulira a ngalande mbiya ya pneumatic kumachitika kulumikizidwa-ndalezo chithunzi.

Muyezo waukulu kuwombera mu Masewerera a Biathlon ndi kusala recharge zida popanda kusintha udindo wa biathletes ndipo nthawi wapatali pa cholinga latsopano. Amaloledwa katiriji mu mbiya ya mfuti "B-7-2" wapangidwa ndi reciprocating zoyenda ndi chogwirira wapadera. Shutter pamene kutsegulaso chimachititsanso mu Arc yaing'ono.

mfuti akuwululidwa akusamala, zomwe kusintha ndi kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa zolemera wowongolera. Komanso kuti apereke choyambitsa Chikoka ndi choyambitsa sitiroko. Tsaya pa mbuyo ndi kutalika kwa izo zimatsatira ndi kukhazikitsidwa payekha aliyense wothamanga ngati wothamanga ku mayiko pamene kuwombera zimadalira kulondola kwa. Mbiya, pamaso kutsogolo ndi ukulu mfuti okonzeka ndi wapadera lids kudya kulumikizidwa, amene Ntchito yaikulu ndi kuteteza zida ku chisanu, dothi ndi Mankhwala oipitsa zina zimene zingakhudze lolondola kuwombera.

Monga tanenera, kupanga izi mfuti mtundu ndi nthawi yaitali, ndipo nthawi imeneyi iye anali pansi patsogolo ndi modernized. Mwachitsanzo, lero anamasulidwa "B-7-4A" chitsanzo. The kalata mu dzina limasonyeza kuti mfuti ili ali ndi mbiya odziwika German olimba "Anschutz".

osankhika mfuti

Pakuti osankhika monga zitsanzo, chikhalidwe cha munthu wothamanga makamaka. Mfuti "B-7-4" mu kusinthidwa ndi chinayi ali ndi mtundu bedi latsopano, zimenezi khwekhwe kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za biathlete uliwonse; latsopano kumbuyo pamaso kuchokera kupikisana kotheratu "Anschutz"; kuwuluka mphete, zomwe zikhoza kukhala kusintha. Pofuna kupewa dzimbiri ndi bwino ntchitoyo wolandila ali pansi plating chrome ndi mbiya. Mwa zitsanzo zina mfuti osankhika olekanitsidwa "Antshutts 1827" wotchedwa "zabwino kwambiri" akatswiri ambiri ndi mphoto biathletes.