Matenda Stephen Hawking a. Mbiri ya matenda Stephen Hawking

Sayansi ku England Stiven Hoking amadziwika osati mabwalo sayansi. Ambiri kuyerekeza ndi asayansi otchuka monga Einstein ndi Newton. Hawking amachita ndi sayansi ongolankhula ndi masamu ntchito, malo ndi chiphunzitso nthawi, akuyendayenda malamulo zimachititsa kuti abuluse chilengedwe. Stephen ndi wasayansi otchuka kwambiri a masiku ano, iye mitu Dipatimenti ya University of Cambridge.

Koma nkhani ya Stephen Hawking - zonse kugonjetsa matenda osachiritsika, zomwe zimathera iye pafupifupi wamkulu wanga wonse moyo. Izi munthu chodabwitsa anatha kuzindikira mwayi malire a maganizo a anthu, akudwala amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Mwachidule yonena za sayansi ndi

Stephen Hawking anabadwa pa January 8, 1942 mu kubanja la kalasi pakati. Komabe, makolo ake omaliza Oxford ndipo anali ankaona luntha. Stephen anali mwana wamba, koma zaka 8, anaphunzira kuwerenga. The sukulu anali kuphunzira bwino, koma palibe chabwino palibe kusiyana ndi anzawo.

Kumverera chidwi mkulu mu sayansi, analowa Dipatimenti ya Physics pa Oxford, amene sankafuna chidwi kwambiri kuphunzira, nthawi yambiri kusewera masewera ndi kusangalala. Ngakhale izi, iye anatha mu 1962 ku maphunziro ndi digiri awarding ndi yoyamba. Stephen anakhalabe kwa kanthawi Oxford ndi sunspots kuphunzira, koma kenako anaganiza zopita ku Cambridge. Apo iye ankachita nawo zakuthambo ongolankhula.

matenda Stephen Hawking ayamba kufika mwamsanga kwa nyengo ya University Cambridge. Ndipo mu 1963, ndi matenda zokhumudwitsa anali mnyamata - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

ALS n'chiyani?

Ndi matenda a dongosolo chapakati mantha, amene pang'onopang'ono m'kati aakulu. Iwo amakhala ndi zotupa wa kotekisi ndi brainstem, ndi msana manyuroni chingwe udindo kuyenda. Odwala kukhala ziwalo, kenako manja minofu.

Ku Ulaya, matenda Stephen Hawking kwa nthawi yaitali kutchedwa polemekeza wasayansi Charcot, amene anafotokoza zizindikiro za mu zaka za m'ma XIX. Mu US, nthendayo zambiri amatchedwa matenda Goering a pokumbukira wotchuka mpira wosewera mpira amene anafa ALS.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - ndi matenda osowa. A anthu 100 zikwi akudwala wina ndi asanu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amadwala ndi zaka 40 mpaka 50. matenda Stephen Hawking, omwe zimayambitsa omwe sakudziwika, palibe kuchiritsidwa. Science simungakhoze kumvetsa chifukwa athamangadi imfa ya maselo mitsempha. Chibadwa n'chofunikira pafupifupi 10% ya milandu.

Komabe, mu 2000s oyambirira Ofufuza apeza kuti ALS amagwirizana ndi kudzikundikira mu mamolekyulu ubongo mtundu. Ena umboni umasonyeza kuti matenda akufotokozera chifukwa asidi kwambiri glutamic, amachititsa manyuroni ntchito pa mphamvu zonse, choncho msanga kuwonongeka. Panopa ndi mwachangu kufufuza majini udindo chitukuko cha amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Anapatsa chakuti ntchito kwambiri mankhwala anapeza ku matenda, ndi cha imfa 100%.

Zizindikiro ndi zochita matenda

matenda Stephen Hawking, yemwe zizindikiro mosavuta kusokonezedwa ndi maonekedwe a matenda ena zochepa oopsa, ndi sioneka kwambiri. Choyamba, munthuyo amamva mbandakucha minofu matenda (nthawi zambiri manja). Zimenezi zimaonekera mavuto, monga kulemba, mabatani a, kutenga zinthu zazing'ono.

Kamodzi matenda ayamba patsogolo, ndi m'kati pang'onopang'ono minyewa a msana, ndi iwo, ndi mbali zina za ubongo kulamulira kayendedwe kwawo. Chifukwa, koposa minofu ndi gulu lililonse popanda kulandira zikhumbo ku ubongo.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, nalo dzina lake chifukwa manyuroni khalidwe zikhumbo kwa minofu ya thupi ili mbali mu chingwe msana.

Nthawi zambiri mu magawo oyambirira a matenda ndi bvuto ndi kulankhula ndi kumeza. Mu masiteji ina ya munthu ndithu wopanda magalimoto, munthu watha nkhope yake kumaso, lilime minofu ya manja, pali drooling. Komabe, kupweteka iye asaone.

matenda Stephen Hawking wa ngakhale zoopsa chifukwa zimachititsa inam'puwalitsa, koma kusokoneza njira maganizo. Memory, kumva, kuona, kutsitsimuka, chidziwitso ntchito ubongo kukhala sichinasinthe.

ndi chifukwa cha odwala ALS n'chiyani?

Mu gawo lotsiriza la manja matenda ndi minofu kupuma, kotero kuti munthu sangathe kupuma. Ngakhale pali ngati kuti thupi zisanathe kuyenda, koma minofu komwe kumachititsa kupuma, tisiye ntchito.

moyo Stephen Hawking ndi ALS

Ngakhale matenda oopsa, Stephen anapitiriza moyo yogwira. Komabe, zizindikiro anadzifula okha anamvera. Ndipo pambuyo kuwonongeka ndi Hawking anapita ku chipatala kufufuza, komwe anauzidwa nkhani yomvetsa kuti moyo wautali kuposa zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, munthu aliyense agwera maganizo inali nazonso ndi Stefano. Koma ludzu moyo anapambana, ndipo iye anayamba kulemba nkhani yolembedwa wake. Hawking mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti pali nthawi kuchita zinthu zabwino, zinthu zothandiza kwa dziko.

matenda Stephen Hawking sizinamulepheretse Iye mu 1965 kukwatiwa Jane Wilde Komabe, ukwati anafika ndi ndodo. mkazi wake anadziwa za matenda oopsa, koma anaganiza kuti adzipereke moyo wake handpicked lonse kusamalira iye, pamene iye akanakhoza ntchito bwino, kuchita zinthu sayansi. Iwo anakhala zaka zoposa 20, anakwatira ndi ana atatu amene anabadwa. Ndiyamika Dzheyn Stiven zonse ophunzitsidwa, ngakhale theka dzanzi.

Koma kukhala ndi munthu amene akudwala ALS, n'kovuta kwambiri. Choncho, mu 90s oyambirira banjalo litatha. Komabe Hawking ndekha kwa nthawi yaitali. Anakwatira namwino wake. ukwati inatenga zaka 11.

ntchito sayansi

Stephen Hawking, matenda amene patsogolo ndi ntchito ya sayansi, anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake mu 1966, ndipo chaka chotsatira tinasamukira osati ndi nzimbe ndi ndodo. Pambuyo chitetezo bwino, anayamba ntchito pa Cambridge College Gonville ndi Caius monga katswiriyu.

Gwiritsani wilutcheya kuyambira 1970, koma ngakhale izi, pakati pa 1973 ndi 1879 Hawking ntchito pa yunivesite ya Cambridge mphamvu ya Ntchito Masamu ndi ongolankhula Physics, kumene anakhala katswiri mu 1977.

Wasayansi Stiven Hoking kuchokera 1965 mpaka 1970, anachititsa kafukufuku pa boma la chilengedwe chonse mu Big Bang. Mu 1970 iye anaphunzira chiphunzitso mabowo wakuda, ine anakonza ziphunzitso zingapo. Chifukwa cha wake ntchito ya sayansi , anakonza zopereka zikuluzikulu ankaganizira za kuthambo, komanso kumvetsa chiphunzitso yokoka ndi mabowo wakuda. Ndiyamika ntchito Hawking ake kuberekana anakhala mwini ambiri mphoto ndi mphatso.

Mpaka 1974, wasayansi akanakhoza kukhala paokha, ndipo ndipite kukagona. Patapita nthawi matenda amakakamizidwa atithandize ophunzira, koma pambuyo pake kukalembera ndi namwino akatswiri.

Stiven Hoking m'malo mofulumira atasiya kulemba chifukwa cha manja a minofu ya manja. Kuti athetse mavuto komanso maikwezhoni, kumanga ndi muzione chintchito ankaganizira. Iye anavutika ndi zida amapilira wasayansi, iwo ankadziwa mabwenzi apamtima ndi amene nawo kawirikawiri naye. Ngakhale izi, Stephen kuwauza zokhudza sayansi ndi nkhani mlembi, koma izo ziri zoona, ndi thandizo la wotanthauzira.

kulemba

Wasayansi anaganiza popularize sayansi ndi mu 1980 anayamba kugwira ntchito pa buku, yemwe lotchedwa "A History Mwachidule ya Time." Limafotokoza chikhalidwe cha nkhaniyi, nthawi ndi malo, chiphunzitso cha mabowo wakuda ndi Big Bang. Author Pewani mawu ovuta masamu ndi maikwezhoni poganiza kuti anthu wamba adzakhala ndi chidwi mu bukhu. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika. Steven ndipo ankaganiza kuti ntchito yake idzakhala wotchuka. Mu 2005, Hawking analemba bukhu lachiwiri, ndipo anawapatsa dzina la "A History Briefer ya Time." Iwo ali odzipereka kwa zikuchitika posachedwapa m'munda wa zakuthambo ongolankhula.

Kulankhulana ndi dzikoli ntchito njira

Mu 1985, Hawking kudwala chibayo. Steven kwathunthu wosalankhula chifukwa cha tracheotomy yaukapolo. anthu Concerned chinapulumutsa wasayansi kwa chete. Chifukwa apanga mapulogalamu a pakompyuta amene amalola kuti ntchito Yendetsani chala cha ndalezo chala kusankha mawu zasonyezedwa pa polojekiti ndipo Chili iwo mu mawu, kenako anatumiza kwa munthu synthesizer kulankhula. Kulumikizana ndi anthu kupyolera makompyuta ali kwambiri patsogolo moyo wa yasayansi. Ndi mwayi kumasulira pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro equalizer maikwezhoni wa sayansi, zimene zinalembedwa mawu. Tsopano, Steven anaphunzira paokha mwayi wophunzitsa, koma iwo anali kupanga pasadakhale ndiponso kutumiza kwa synthesizer kulankhula.

Pambuyo minofu ya manja kwathunthu kuyenda nthambi wasayansi kachipangizo infuraredi anaikidwa mu magalasi ake. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kusankha makalata kuyang'ana.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale matenda ake aakulu Stephen Hawking akadali wokangalika zaka 73. Adzakhala nsanje anthu ambiri wathanzi. Iye amayenda pafupipafupi, amapereka zoyankhulana, analemba mabuku, kuyesera popularize sayansi, kupanga zam'tsogolo. Professor maloto anali ulendo pa m'mlengalenga ndi. Matendawa anamuphunzitsa kuti kulekera yekha, chifukwa ambiri si choncho yabwino. Iye akukhulupirira kuti motalika moyo chifukwa mankhwala maganizo ntchito ndi chisamaliro kukongola.

Tikhoza kunena kuti nkhani ya Stephen Hawking - ndi chitsanzo cha khama wautali kwambiri ndipo mtima, amene okondedwa anu okha.