Mbewu yampiru: malongosoledwe sukulu mafakitale ntchito ulimi, kulima

Mpiru - chikhalidwe masamba okhudzana ndi kabichi banja. Pali mitundu yambiri dazeni la zomera, koma ngati zonunkhira ntchito mitundu itatu yokha - woyera, wakuda ndi zofiirira.

Mpiru woyera (White mpiru, balati. Sinapsis alba) wamba mu North America ndi ku Ulaya. Pachaka chomera, otsika (60 cm). Mpiru mbewu mu kalasi ndi yowala kwambiri, ndi kukhudza uchi, amtengo lakuthwa. Brown mpiru (kapena sareptskaya, balati. Brassica juncea, Eng. Brown Mustard) mu kutchuka patsogolo ndi woyera, ndi wakuda. Amtengo kwambiri. mbewu mpiru - 2 mm m'mimba mwake, ozungulira, Brown kapena zofiirira. Malo mmera ankaona Himalaya, ngakhale akulimidwa makamaka India. Russia "anakumana" ndi zofiirira mpiru m'zaka XVIII. chifukwa cha Germany, anaitanidwa ndi Catherine II pa chitukuko cha kum'mwera kwa Russia. Mwa atsamunda poyamba anali dokotala mmishonale komanso womasulira Konrad Neytts. Ndi ndi "dzanja kuwala" wake ali mpiru pa tebulo achifumu.

Brown mpiru tsopano amagulitsa ufa ndi monga tebulo zonse pafupifupi sitolo iliyonse golosale. Black mpiru (Black Mustard, balati. Brassica nigra), umatchedwanso France, ali m'malo yaitali, mpaka mita, phesi. Mabokosi ndi mbewu kuwuluridwa yomweyo pambuyo kucha, lomwe ndi povuta kuti ayeretse. Izo wakula makamaka Asia South. mbewu yampiru wakuda kwambiri pachimake, komanso kwambiri onunkhira a mitundu nakulitsa. mmera ofunika kuyambira kale monga mankhwala komanso kuphika. Wapadera katundu chifukwa mpiru zinthu zili momwemo, kuphatikizapo mchere (calcium, mkuwa, manganese, selenium, chitsulo, nthaka), phytohormones, mavitamini ndi antioxidants. mbewu mpiru - nkhokwe weniweni wa mphamvu ndi CHIKWANGWANI zakudya, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu amene amadwala mafuta owonjezera, amene akumenyana ndi niacin (vitamini B3). Zipatso muli flavonoids (antioxidants), lutein, zeaxanthin, carotene ndi mavitamini ambiri akumenyana ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira (K, E, C, A) ndi sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, avenasterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol) mirozin, sinigrin, asidi (eicosenoic, erucic, palmitic, oleic).

Kufunika kwa mbewu yampiru zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse. Zomera wakula monga kugulitsa lipindulitsa ndi kumwa yekha.

Kufesa mbewu za mpiru amathandiza kubwezeretsa thanzi la nthaka, kusintha chonde, kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matenda monga choipitsa mochedwa, Fusarium, nkhanambo, ndi zina zotero. Iwo samakonda mpiru wireworms, slug, Cricket Mfuko, mtola njenjete. Kufesa manyowa obiriwira popanda kukokomeza kumatha zina kuchokera kuchuluka kwa fetereza, zimene zimapangitsa alimi onse ochiritsira, ndi chuma olimba ndi alimi, chifukwa ayambe zachilengedwe nthaka m'malo mankhwala zinalengedwa pa maziko a mankhwala, ndi zosatheka. Kufesa mbewu za mpiru limabwezeretsa bwino zachilengedwe nthaka ndi zinthu zofunika. Zomera limakula mwamsanga ndipo amatha mwamsanga kumanga misa ngakhale mu nyengo yozizira.

Mpiru maphunziro othandiza pamene pamodzi ndi nyemba (alternates mwa mzere). Izi manyowa obiriwira, asamathe structuring chabwino, kukhetsa nthaka ndi kumawonjezera vozduhoemkost. The mizu ya zomera amatha angatithandize kudzifufuza mamita atatu. N'zotheka kuzindikira ubwino wa mbewu yampiru, kuteteza nthaka ku kukokoloka mu yophukira ndi kasupe nthawi (ndipo ngati kumanzere uncut, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira). Iye akugwirizira chisanu kwambiri zimathandiza kuti kudzikundikira chinyezi ndi kuchepetsa nthaka yozizira koopsa. Mu steppes, kumene mphepo ndi mphamvu ndi zina kawirikawiri, mbewu nkhundu mwa yozizira (mizere).

Monga mbewu chakudya mpiru ntchito mu mawonekedwe a misa wobiriwira. Mtengo pafupi ndi chakudya chake.

Kufesa mbewu yampiru bwino anachita pa dothi ankachitira kale ukala (chomera "kubwereza" fetereza, kupanga mosavuta zidyeke mbewu otsatirapo), sod-podzolic ndi mchenga. Mbewu kumera ngakhale pa 1 digiri Celsius, mphukira ndi anasamutsidwa kuzizira madigiri -5.

Mpiru mbewu (mtengo zimadalira zosiyanasiyana, pa avareji - pafupifupi 30 rubles pa kilogalamu) ndi bwino kugula m'masitolo zapaderazi.