M'dera Broca ndi kuti?

Ndi chiyani icho? Chifukwa nyani kumbuyo m'nyengo ya zinyamazi mwadzidzidzi anayamba "nkhani" ndi umunthu? N'chifukwa chiyani anthu kulankhula ndi mawu? Awa ndi mafunso ena kuchokera ofufuza padziko lonse, koma si akatswiri onse amavomereza kuti mawu - ndi muyeso kutero. Akukhulupirira kuti anthu akale sindikufuna kulankhula, ankakonda kwambiri kulankhula ntchito manja poyankhula ndi phokoso inarticulate, koma ... chikhalidwe akamavutika. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti "chala" luso lathu kulankhula si chikhalidwe cha, ndi ubongo wokha. m'dera Broca ndi malo Wernicke a - kuti ali ndi udindo kulankhulana ndi chizindikiritso mudziwe ubongo. Koma ngakhale akudziwa izi, zamaganizo musati kukhadzikika, chifukwa ngati malo awiri awa - ichitikire kapena payekhapayekha, udindo njira zosiyana - akadali osadziwika.

Mawu ngati mankhwala a ntchito ubongo

Pali maganizo kukambirana - ndondomeko maganizo, ngati munthu wamba chabe kusowanso kuti wina kulankhula, mulole izo zikhale ngakhale Pet. Iye ayenera kudziwa kuti iye anali atamva. Pachifukwa chimenechi, anthu amene ali ndi mantha kukhala wekha, kulankhula okha - kotero iwo ali ndi chithunzi cha kukambirana mangawawo.

Izo - ndi njira yodziwira dziko, limakupatsani kumva mbali. Kale pamwambapa m'dera Broca ndipo amatipatsa kuthekera kumvetsera, kumvetsetsa ndi kulabadira ndemanga ya interlocutor lapansi. Only zimenezi nthawi yokwanira kuti nkhani chokwanira, chifukwa kuwonjezera kumvetsa kufunika akadali bwino mawu, mawu ndi luso molondola popereka maganizo ake ndi zofuna.

Pol Broka ndipo anapeza wake

munthu wamkulu uyu anapereka moyo wake kuphunzira ubongo wa munthu. Munthawi ya moyo wake iye adaseleula motere naye pa yekha, nanena kuti chipatala wake amasangalala zosakwana zasayansi, amene akuchita nthawi zonse kwaulere. Iye analinso ndi KATSWIRI, ndi neurosurgeon, ndi ethnographer. m'dera Broca yakhala lotseguka opaleshoni pa chithandizo ku chipatala awiri akuluakulu. Mmodzi wa iwo anali akudwala kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri: pakalibe kulankhula ziwalo cha dzanja lamanja ndi mwendo - akadali kagawo kakang'ono ka zotupa amene anamuona Paulo.

Wodwala wachiwiri anafika ku chipatala ndi ntchafu zikukhudza, monga kunapezeka, zaka zingapo zapitazo, munthu anakomoka, chifukwa chimene atasiya kulankhula. Kenako, munthu wosauka akanangokhoza mawu asanu French kwawo.

Iwo Madokotala lero yomweyo matenda ndi chotupa m'dera la Broca, ndipo m'masiku amenewo (m'ma 19) pa mbali ya ubongo Kodi konse Choncho, sanayese thanzi. Koma Paulo yomweyo anadziwa kuti ndi udindo wathu kumanzere Chigawo ubongo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pakhala maphunziro ambiri amene yasonyeza kulondola kwa mfundo kafukufuku. Non-kugwira ntchito kwa odwala awa awiri analandira dera ubongo lolingana ndi dzina - "malo Broca a". Ntchito Njira anakhala yekha poyambira mu kuphunzira kwa ubongo, pambuyo ikuchitika chiwerengero chachikulu cha zatsopano.

m'dera Broca a

Kodi inu munayamba mwaganizapo kumene dera udindo kulankhula? m'dera Broca ndi ili kumbuyo otsika wachitatu mazunzo gyrus a Chigawo cha kumanzere anthu amene kulemba ndi dzanja lake lamanja. Kumanzere-handers zosiyana. Ndi likulu, tingalankhule makamaka, kumanga ziganizo molondola. Mwachitsanzo, ana si nthawi zonse zilipo kuti afotokoze maganizo awo, chifukwa iwo ali ndi malo Broca si monga anayamba monga akulu, chifukwa chochitika yaing'ono kulankhulana. Mbali imeneyi ya ubongo limaoneka mu mawonekedwe a parser, umene makamaka alandira zambiri zothandiza ndi kuisewera iyo kumbuyo. Kugonjetsedwa kwa malowa amatchedwa aphasia. Mawu akuti "sangathe mawu awiri pamodzi ndi" umafotokoza bwino za matenda monga anthu kwenikweni sangathe kutembenuka angapo mawu m'sentensi.

m'dera Wernicke a

Dera limeneli ndi zolinga zobisika limafotokoza nkhani ku malo tatchulazi, chifukwa makamaka ntchito kumvetsa ndi "kupukusa" mfundo. Ngati m'dera Broca ali chiwerengero cha mphumi mu Chigawo cha kumanzere, dera Wernicke angathe kupezedwa kaya chabwino kapena mu Chigawo cha kumanzere m'dera verhnevisochnoy. Ndipo vuto ndi gawo ili ubongo amatchedwanso aphasia, koma pano anthu sitingapeze kumvetsa ngakhale liwu limodzi la chinenero. Iye amamva chilichonse, koma tanthauzo la zimene zinanenedwa simungathe kuzindikira, mwa kulankhula kwina, ankaoneka kumva mawu achilendo. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali mavuto ndi kumanga mawu ake: zikuwoneka zachilendo, monga ngati mawu anatola mwachisawawa ndipo nthawi zina matanthauzo ambiri. Komabe, wodwalayo ndiribe lingaliro chomwe chikunenedwa kuti chiri bwinobwino chifukwa nthawi zambiri wakhumudwa chifukwa chakuti anthu sangathe kuyankha bwinobwino kwa izo. Mu mfundo imeneyi malamulo anawalozera kwa minofu awasungira, mwachitsanzo: "Tsekani maso anu."

maganizo asayansi '

Poyamba, asayansi amavomereza kuti m'dera Broca ndi udindo kwa kubalana wa nkhani, kupereka munthu mwayi kulankhula ndi malo Wernicke a - kumvetsa kulankhula ndi mzake. Koma tsopano, akukhulupirira kuti likulu la chikoka ndi wozindikira, ndipo kubereka Choncho, mavuto ndi adzachita kuyambitsa mavuto ndi zina.

Kodi kusintha ntchitoyo n'kupita kulankhula?

Khalani ndi chizolowezi chabe! Muyenera kutsatira mawu anu ndi monga Nthawi zambiri kulabadira zolakwa zanu. Kulankhula wekha mu nkhani ya mavuto ndi mawu sadzakhala zosafunika. Kuwerenga mabuku ndi kumvetsera odziwika bwino ntchito chakale Kungakuthandizeninso. Komabe, ngati mukuona kuti vuto wakhala khalidwe zikuluzikulu, muyenera kuona katswiri pofuna kupewa matenda aakulu kwambiri. mankhwala amakono amapereka mankhwala ambiri ndi njira zimene kupewa chitukuko cha aphasia Broca ndi malo Wernicke a.