Memory: zoyimira ndi makhalidwe Kompyuta

Kompyuta, laputopu, foni kapena piritsi mitundu iwiri ya kukumbukira. Mumtima zambiri udindo kuteteza owona TV ndi mapulogalamu, koma ntchito akugwirabe ntchito, mwa kulankhula kwina, nthawi. Kawirikawiri devaysakh zamakono zili ndi katundu wokwanira ndi kukumbukira onse, koma ndi wosuta ayenera kukula. Ndipo ngati mlandu wa mkati, inu akhoza kungoyankha kugula ndi galimoto kunja zovuta, ndiye chithe RAM.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Memory - ichi ndi file zosakhalitsa zimene zimasunga deta ya mapulogalamu onse kwa nthawi zina pa ntchito zawo. Pambuyo chipangizo ndi anangotsika, ndi zapamwamba chimenecho chitakonzedwa. Choncho, PC nthawi akuonetsa wosuta kupulumutsa deta onse editable, kuyambira pambuyo kusintha kusintha wosapulumutsidwa kutha.

Kawirikawiri, pamene izo zifika "RAM" amapezeka Archive kuti zimasunga njira zonse yogwira ndi mapulogalamu. Koma nthawi zina mawu umatchedwanso monga zipangizo kunja yosungirako monga mbale kapena zipangizo yosungirako pa tepi ya maginito.

Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yonse ya RAM ndi zinthu kusintha kwa dongosolo. Iwo kusunga makina malamulo a mapulogalamu, monga athandizira / linanena bungwe ndi zipangizo wapakatikati, imene purosesa umayendetsedwera.

maziko mbiri

Tisanaone mitundu ndi mitundu ya zinthu, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mmene onse anayamba. Nkhani ayamba kale mu 30s m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 19. Ndiye Charlz Bebbidzh ntchito pa makina mawunikidwe. Anthu mayunitsi amene anayenera kusunga zotsatira za mawerengedwe imeneyi, iye anatcha "malo". Zonse zomwe za maselo amenewa ali umakaniko kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a migodi ndi pinion dongosolo pamodzi.

Pamene kuwerengetsa makina a m'badwo woyamba wakhala analenga, magwiridwe ake imatengedwa experimental. Pa "RAM ndi" chonena. angachite anali ochepa, ndipo mfundo thupi. Anagwirizana ndi munthu kulandirana atomu, lamayimbidwe kuchedwa mizere, machubu cathode ray ndi zina zotero. D.

Ndiye RAM maonekedwe angakhale sizimadziwika mwamtheradi. Nthawi zambiri anali ng'oma maginito kapena mikondo.

Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa m'badwo wachiwiri wa makompyuta kudziganizira pa wogwira mtima ndi RAM. Basi ndiye panali maginito pakati kukumbukira. Mbadwo wachitatu wapanga tumphatumpha patsogolo, ndipo anayamba ntchito Chip, mpamene padali pakompyuta kompyuta zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ndiye ife kwayamba kuoneka mitundu ya RAM. Mphamvu anakhalabe chifukwa mlandu wa capacitor, ndi malo amodzi - ntchito akapsa.

The zikuchitika tsopano lino

M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndondomeko kwachititsa kuti mtundu zatsopano wa RAM. "RAM" akadali amadalira magetsi. Mu nkhani ya imfa ya magetsi nthawi yomweyo wotaya deta aliyense wosapulumutsidwa. Tsopano pali Mitundu ya RAM. Iwo ali, monga kale, awiri: malo amodzi ndi zazikulu. Woyamba ntchito kuthokoza choyambitsa ndi, wachiwiri - pa condenser.

Onse akhala zosavuta. Kunja, amaoneka ngati unit ndi semiconductors, umene bungwe monga gulu kupeza ufulu. kukumbukira Mphamvu ndi mtengo kwambiri. Kenako, ife tione pa aliyense wa iwo.

Mphamvu ya

RAM ali osiyanasiyana. Pakati pa chingakhale otchulidwa zazikulu, kapena DRAM. Ndi mtundu ambiri makompyuta. Chifukwa chakuti ndi kwambiri ndalama. Kusunga kumaliseche, izo zachitika dera chapadera chomwe ndi mbali ziwiri: a capacitor ndi transistor.

Kapangidwe Izi mtengo kwambiri ndipo ndi ndalama. Ichi ndi chifukwa pa Chip limodzi ungasunge capacitors zazikulu ndi transistors, osati zosinthika wina gawo.

The drawback waukulu "kotero RAM" imatengedwa kuti liwiro lake. Iwo amagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kusintha udindo wa capacitor ayenera nthawi owonjezera kuyang'anira ndi kumaliseche. ndondomeko izi zimachitika kakhumi kuposa mu Baibulo malo amodzi. Komanso, mtundu uwu ali sangathe wina amene capacitors kwa zaka kumaliseche. Komanso akhoza chokhudzana ndi capacitance magetsi ndi lalikulu kutayikira panopa.

Ndi chifukwa chosowa mtundu uwu wotsiriza nalo dzina lake: mlandu amachepetsa nthawi, choncho, pali mphamvu. Komabe, nkhani zonse anali yosochera, capacitor akhoza anachira pa nthawi, motero kutalikitsa moyo wawo. Kuyamba kubwezeretsa, muyenera athe nthawi tchati kuwerenga. Agwiritsidwa kwa mizere zonse zosiyanasiyana kukumbukira. mwambo umenewu nthawi purosesa kapena kukumbukira Mtsogoleri.

statics

Mtundu wa transistors kukumbukira. SRAM sikutanthauza kuchira, choncho nalo dzina lake. The mwayi waukulu kukumbukira ichi - liwilo ake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti limagwirira wa akukonzekera akapsa ndi zipata yosavuta mfundo, kotero kusinthana Choyamba safuna nthawi yambiri.

Koma ine ndimayenera kuti ndi mtengo ndi wolowerera. Popeza kuti transistors amene akapsa, ndi zambiri okwera mtengo kusiyana mu mawonekedwe woyamba kuiwalidwa. Sikumangotikhudza mtengo ndi gulu njira mkulu kupanga. Komanso transistors zatenga malo kwambiri pa Chip limodzi.

RAM malo amodzi ndi pafupifupi konse ntchito mu ma PC lero. Kawirikawiri aikidwa kwa RAM gulu superfast, zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito a dongosolo, amene ali ovuta.

maonekedwe ndi chenjerero

Kuti kunja kuzindikira mitundu ya kompyuta kukumbukira ayenera kukhala zabwino kwambiri kuwamvetsetsa. Wosuta pafupifupi simungakhoze kuchita izo. Kodi ngati ife sindikuyankhula za zigawo kwa desktops ndi Malaputopu.

Komabe, tsopano akhoza wachinsinsi mitundu yambiri ya RAM. Ena mwa iwo tsopano ntchito, ena akhala idaleka kuonekera pa msika, koma angapezeke mu kompyuta Achikulire. Ndipo ambiri a zanyengo aja kunali zambiri olimbikira newfangled options.

FPM

Wamphamvu kupeza mwachisawawa kukumbukira. opaleshoni ake mfundo ndi losavuta: izo zifika deta mofulumira ku tsamba lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kayendedwe ka zapitazi. Njira imeneyi ikufanana ndi dzina Fast Page ake mumalowedwe. Tsopano kukumana chotero "RAM" ali osowa, chifukwa anatumikira mwamsanga m'ma 90s Mu zaka zapitazo. Ndiye anzake anali 486 ndi Pentium latsopano.

Edo

Ichi ndi kukumbukira wina, mitundu amene pang'ono kudziwika. Iye poyamba ankagwira ntchito kwambiri mu 1995 ndipo wakhala mwapadera wokonzedwera kwa woyamba purosesa Pentium. Anachita bwino Baibulo m'mbuyomu. Ntchito imodzi pa zochita ziwiri nthawi imodzi: amasankha chipika lotsatira pa nthawi imene iye anapita ku purosesa m'mbuyomu.

SDRAM

wochenjera njira RAM. Ndi mofulumira kuti mosavuta kucheza ndi pafupipafupi purosesa lapansi. Mfundo kuipidwa kwambiri: Chip ali mbali ziwiri. Pa ntchito yogwira yoyamba akupita kwa mleme, ndi ena yokonza zimenezi. gawo ili unakhala wotchuka mu 1996. Kenako anayamba ntchito mwakhama molumikizana ndi Intel. Zinali kuberekana ndithu, kotero SDRAM anali wotchuka mpaka 2001.

Mitundu iyi kukumbukira yapita agwidwa ndi kubwezera munthu. Inasanduka katatu mofulumira kuposa FPM, ndi kawiri - ya Edo. Ntchito 133 MHz.

DDR

Izi bwino Baibulo la wina m'mbuyomu. Zikuoneka chabe mu 2001. Kusintha yaikulu palibe koloko, koma mwachindunji ntchito yeniyeniyo. Tsopano, mu deta umodzi mkombero imafalikira kawiri.

DDR2

Ndi bwino kuti zimenezi kupitiriza Baibulo m'mbuyomu. Zikuoneka mu 2003, koma chipsets amapangidwa kuti mpaka chaka chotsatira. Basi monga yapita DDR2 «wachibale," angathe kupatsira deta kawiri pa wotchi mkombero. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa zigawo ziwiri - kusinthidwa wotchi pafupipafupi, omwe analandira chifukwa patsogolo structural. Baibulo limeneli anakhala kwa nthawi yaitali kuyambira anali ndi zolakwika. Chifukwa cha pafupipafupi chinawonjezeka ndi noticeable kuukoka pa ndondomeko kuiwalidwa.

DDR3

Chinthu china chosaiwalika osati zochepa wotchuka - DDR3. Mitundu ya "operativok" amatanthauza mndandanda wa SDRAM. M'malo mbadwo wakale. Ntchito kompyuta zipangizo, komanso kanema kukumbukira.

Izi gawo njira wakhala kusamala kwambiri: amapulumutsa mpaka 40% mphamvu. Kuchepetsa mphamvu anakwanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito 90 nm purosesa luso. Pankhaniyi, Chip wakhala chopangidwa ndi iwiri pachipata transistors, yemwe ali ndi udindo kwa mafunde kutayikira.

Vuto ndi kuti gawo mu nthawi iyi inakhala kusinthidwa. kiyi wake tsopano malo ena Choncho, anapereka kukumbukira DDR2, sikutheka malo. Komabe, chidachitika ndi chifukwa chake. magawo magetsi sizikugwirizana zigawo izi, kuti kuteteza zoikamo olakwika, anasintha malo kiyi.

DDR4

Yatsopano zamoyo zinachita kukumbukira. Mitundu SDRAM anabwera ku mfundo zomveka. Latsopano gawo ku misa anatuluka mu 2014. Iye anatukula makhalidwe pafupipafupi ndi kuchepetsedwa mphamvu kotunga voteji. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa m'badwo yapita: chiwerengero kawiri a mabanki (16 mayunitsi).

Tsopano bandiwifi ndi bwino kwambiri ndipo akhoza theoretically kufika mochuluka monga 25 GB / s. Ndipo anayamba umisiri kuti bwino kudalilika zako zonse. M'chikumbumtima uyu ali purosesa yake - Intel Haswell-E / Haswell-EP.

RAMBUS

Izi ndi mitundu osiyana kukumbukira, makhalidwe amene ali ndithu mkulu. Iwo anayamba kupanga mu 1996. Iye anaganiza kampani Intel. "RAM" kwapangitsa bwino kwambiri kuposa iye "anzake". Iwo anapatsidwa chilolezo nkhawa kudziwika. Kenako chinakhazikitsidwa ndi motherboards angapo. Kuti iwo anasonyeza kwambiri.

Izo zinachitika kuti isanatuluke ake, Intel ali wapezeka kulakwitsa, chifukwa cha chimenechi chinathetsa za $ 100 miliyoni. Tsopano gawo ili sikawirikawiri ntchito. Koma iye akadali mu PlayStation 2 ndi PlayStation 3.

makope

Mosiyana RAM kukumbukira kuti Malaputopu ndi ma PC ndi noticeable okha kukula kwake ndi mayina. Choncho, kubwereza koposa zonse sizimatanthauza. Kusankha gawo kwa chipangizo kuti, muyenera kuwerenganso mitundu yonse alipo kukumbukira kuti kope, kudziwa ngakhale ake ndi mavabodi ndi kuthana ndi mtengo gulu.

Woyamba "RAM" chifukwa nouta linatulutsidwa mu 2002. Zinali chitsanzo CHONCHO DIMM SDRAM. Tsopano ndi kale n'zosatheka kupeza kulikonse. Ndinkagwira ntchito ndi pafupipafupi 100 MHz ndi 133 MHz. CHONCHO DIMM DDR anaonekera pang'ono kenako - mu 2005. Wasanduka kuti zoopsa zamphamvu zambiri. Ndinalandira 266, 333 ndi 400 MHz. Location kiyi poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo m'mbuyomu zasintha kwambiri. CHONCHO DIMM DDR2, za awo "anzake" mibadwo m'mbuyomu, lilinso zingatipatse mphamvu zapadera: pafupipafupi pazipita mpaka 800 MHz. Kiyi ankatembenukira kachiwiri koma 1 mm, poyerekeza ndi DDR, zikubweretsa chisokonezo ndi ngakhale.

CHONCHO DIMM DDR3 analowa msika mu 2009. Location mfundo yofunika kopambana wosiyana chitsanzo yapita, mapulogalamuwanso kotero wosadziwa tsopano simungathe kupita cholakwika. Pafupipafupi pazipita wagawo izi anafika 1600 MHz.

Makope anasintha, kusinthidwa, ndi kukumbukira kuti iwo komanso kusintha. The gawo lotsatira anakhala yaying'ono DIMM DDR2. buku lake linali 1 GB, zomwe zinali zokwanira kwa wosuta.

Tsopano vuto RAM Kompyuta ziwiri. chakuti zitsanzo zambiri nako kachitidwe Integrated, ndipo m'malo "RAM" sizingatheke. Choncho, kufunika kwa zigawo kwa noutom tsopano waung'ono kwambiri. Amene ayenera kuwonjezera buku la kwa kanthawi malo osungira, kuwononga nthawi kupeza njira zabwino.

Tsopano, kuti tithane ndi kompyuta kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi ofesi ntchito, zidzakhala zokwanira 1GB "RAM". Koma opanga masewera ayenera kuyang'ana pa mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Kingston CHONCHO-DIMM DDR3 4GB PC10660. Pali ichi kugwira ntchito kukumbukira Kompyuta pafupifupi 2 zikwi rubles. Voliyumu ya izo, monga dzina lake likunenera, ndi 4 gigabytes. Mtundu - DDR3, ndi wotchi pafupipafupi - 1333 MHz.

Mwa makampani ena yotulutsa zigawo apamwamba, pali Samsung, Corsair, Hynix, osiyanasiyana. Kwa eni kompyuta pali options amphamvu kwambiri, amene amakusangalatsani mafani masewera a pakompyuta - Kingston HyperX mkwiyo Red Series. Achikhalire a "RAM" zikuphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri 4 GB. Mtundu - DDR3, ndi wotchi pafupipafupi - 1866 MHz. Mtengo wa RAM izi 3,500 rubles.