Mikhail Kalatozov: yonena, filmography, zithunzi

anasonyeza talente yake kwambiri maudindo angapo. Iye anatchuka kwambiri monga screenwriter komanso wotsogolera komanso woyendetsa ntchito. Mikhail Kalatozov amalembedwa mphoto yapamwamba, nayenso mwini "mokweza" regalia. Pa kwalembedwa kwambiri za nkhani ndipo essays za vicissitudes moyo wake kuchotsedwa monga mmene mabuku awiri. ndi njira kulenga ya maestro chiyani? Taganizirani funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

zokhudza mbiri

Kalatozov Mihail Konstantinovich anabadwa mu likulu la Georgia December 28, 1903. makolo ake anali a wakale banja Kalonga Amiredzhebi. Amalume za wotsogolera tsogolo iye anali ambiri kuchokera mfumu. Tikumbukenso kuti malo Kalatozova pafupipafupi anapita ndi oimira anzeru m'deralo, amene ankakonda kulankhula za tsogolo la dziko. Koma ndiye anadza October kuukira boma, amene anapanga kusintha tsogolo la mwanayu.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Mu 1917, Mikhail Kalatozov, amene mbiri, ndithudi tiziganizire wapadera, anayamba zofunika pa moyo. Iye anagwira ntchito ndi wantchito, ndi ntchito, ndi dalaivala.

Mu 1923, mnyamata amapita ku ntchito pa matauni filimu situdiyo choyamba ngati dalaivala, ndiyeno - kwa projectionist. Khama ndi kusamala Sipanatenge nthawi yaitali mnyamatayo, ndipo tsopano Mikhail Kalatozov chithandizo Anatipatsa. Patapita nthawi anavomereza pa malo a mkonzi ndi cameraman. Pa ntchito yake pa Tbilisi situdiyo mnyamatayo anayamba kuyang'ana pa ntchito angapo, amene mwachindunji kapena ayi nawo mafilimu a kanema a.

Mlandu zibaluni Kalatozova ngati wolemba anali filimu "Ndi Tariel Mklavadze", anawombera Ivanom Perestiani mu 1925. Patapita nthawi, Mikhail Kalatozov otanganidwa kale ndi Mlembi ndi ngati woyendetsa mu "Gulli" zojambula ndi "Gypsy magazi". Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti mlengi wa wotchuka filimu "The Cranes Mukuwulukira" si udachita wotchuka kwambiri ngati wosewera ndi ngakhale maonekedwe ake chimamangidwa koma ntchito zake directorial anali filigree ndi zokambirana. Mikhail Kalatozov, amene amapangira mafilimu N'zoonekeratu m'gulu mitundu chuma Cinématographe, kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti ayese yekha mu mphamvu zatsopano kumapeto kwa 20s lapansi.

wotsogolera ntchito

Maestro kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ntchito anali filimu "Ufumu" imene kwenikweni mogwirizana ndi Nutsoy Gogobiridze. Kale pa cithunzithunzi ici Mikhail Kalatozov anayamba kusonyeza uncut anthu azikhala, kulenga zotsatira wapadera ndi kuyatsa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, kukwaniritsa munthu pazipita zisudzo Kuzindikira zilembo. Mu 1930 mnyamata kale wina wakulanda filimu chete amatchedwa "Salt a Svaneti", limene likusimba za moyo mudzi yeniyeni.

Pamene kujambula Michael K. ntchito ethnographic zinthu za mtundu wanyimbo zopelekedwa, iye anatha kupirira mawu enaake pa kusintha kwa madongosolo, kupanga ntchito anazindikira otsutsa filimu monga "wolemekezeka".

Zosatha kusintha vekitala ndi

Nthawi ya kanema chete pang'onopang'ono anabwera osaonekanso, ndi maestro sakhala pomwepo ankatha kugwira mumaganiza latsopano la zojambulajambula. The 1932nd Mikhail Kalatozov amalenga filimu "The misomali Nsapato wake," koma ntchito amaona mwa omvetsera. Kulephera kwa filimu ndi momvetsa kwambiri Chijojiya wotsogolera. Aganiza kusiya ntchito pa nthawi zoikika ndi. Maestro amapita kuphunzira pa State Academy of Art ndipo kenako mutu wa Tbilisi chapakati situdiyo. Pokhala ichi, Mikhail Kalatozov (weniweni dzina - Kalatozishvili) ndi kuyamba kukonza ndondomeko kanema, kukulitsa zipangizo ntchito malo kangoloko.

Komabe, zaluso amenewa adakonda ayi akuluakulu onse, ndipo patapita kanthawi maestro mlandu "chodzala ndi bourgeois chimakono." Kalatozov anatumiza kwa mzindawo pa Neva.

Tikaonanso wotsogolera

Cha m'ma 30 ndi maestro wapeza ntchito pa "Lenfilm" imene anayamba kuwombera filimuyi "Mtima." Mu 1941 atatulukamo m'mabwalo pali chithunzi china cha wotsogolera - "Valery Chkalov". Onse mafilimu kumuuza za zochita za oyendetsa Soviet Choncho, ndi bwino wothawa ndi omvera. Chiwembu cha otsutsa filimuyi ngati Chkalov, koma chifaniziro cha protagonist ankaimba ndi Vladimir Belokurova kukhala chitsanzo chabwino.

Mikhail Kalatozov amene chithunzi pambuyo "Valery Chkalov" adzakhala kusindikiza onse manyuzipepala dziko, anaitanidwa mafilimu za oyendetsa ntchito za zisudzo lopambana - Serafim Birman, Arkadiya Raykina, Mark Bernes. No maestro zochepa wotchuka wapereka filimu "losagonjetseka," amene anabvala ndime ndi mkulu wotchuka Sergei Gerasimov mu 1942.

ntchito kudziko lina

Mu wotsogolera 1943 Mikhail Kalatozov adzakhala anasamutsidwa ku positi ofesi ija ndipo mongoyembekezera anatumiza kwa bourgeois US. Apa, iye adzachita monga nthumwi ya ovomerezeka wa Cinema Komiti ya mafilimu a kanema Soviet. Akutali tsoka adzakankha kwa lopambana Litsedeyami XX m'ma - Charlie Chaplin, Jean Gabin, Anri Matissom.

Ku US maestro adzabweretsa zamakono kuwombera mafilimu ndipo amayamba pa situdiyo "Mosfilm". Pambuyo pake adzatenga monga mutu wa Main Directorate wa luso cinematography, kenako positi udindo wa wachiwiri nduna ya Cinematography la Soviet Union. Komabe, wotsogolera Michael K. ntchito kulipira kwambiri chidwi.

Kupitiriza ntchito ngati Dayilekita

Mu 50 ntchentche mu zowonetsera Soviet atsimikiza filimu ina Kalatozova otchedwa "Mwandichitira chiwembu wa wathedwa" Wirth zochokera masewero. Ntchito imeneyi, maestro anali kupereka wa Stalin Prize. Ndiye iye anavula filimu wake "adani akamvuluvulu", wodzala ndi zotsatira zoopsa ndale. Mu 1954 anamaliza wotsogolera ntchito pa satirical sewero lanthabwala "Anzanga Woona", limene akukondedwa ndi omvera zoweta a anthu achikulire. Ndipo, ndithudi, izo Dziwani payokha blockbusters Soviet "The Cranes Mukuwulukira", chirengedwe chimene Michael K. ntchito mu 1957.

Izi nkhani Mchitidwe wa kulimbana mtendere wakhala tingachipeze powerenga za mafilimu a kanema Soviet. Mu 1964, anthu anaona filimu "Ine - Cuba", ndi script amene Kalatozov analemba ndi ndakatulo Evgeniem Evtushenko. Last filimu maestro anali "The Red chihema" (1969). masewera a nkhani - nkhani ya anapulumutsira maulendowa kumalo ozizira a Umberto Nobile.

moyo

Mkulu wotchuka filimu, anapambana mutu 1965 a Chithunzi of Georgia, ndipo mu 1969 - mutu wa Chithunzi Anthu a USSR, anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa kazembe wa Italy Jeanne Valatsi. womdziwa awo zinachitika pa holide mu mzinda wa Batumi. Cha m'ma 20 ntchentche wa maestro iye anali ndi mwana George, amene pambuyo pake anapitiriza mafumu bambo ake. Mkazi atangochoka yobereka analandira nzika Chijojiya ASSR. Komabe, banja kwa mlendo, Mikhail Konstantinovich patapita kanthawi anakomoka: wotsogolera wasiya Georgia, ndi Jeanne ndi mwana wake anakhala mu Tiflis.

Malinga ndi mdzukulu wake, Kalatozov, ngakhale yopuma olemedwa ndi banja, anali munthu wosangalala, chifukwa anali wokhoza kukwaniritsa zonse zimene amafuna moyo. Kukhala likulu kumpoto, mkulu kutifotokozera mu chikondi ndi Ammayi Elenu Yunger, koma zoyembekezeka kukhala pamodzi. Michael K. anafa March 26, 1973, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Novodevichy manda likulu.