Misonkho pa anthu makamaka kuwunika mogwira awo

Kupeza ndalama mu bajeti, chifukwa chilango otsika msonkho ndi deformations mu khalidwe la wothandizira chuma, kawirikawiri zimabweretsa zotsatira oipa: kuchepetsa ndalama payekha ndi boma, choncho kupanda kukula GDP (otchedwa kudziponya-kunja zotsatira «khamu-kunja zotsatira» titsegulireni zachuma US R. Barroso). Akutulukira nkhani, monga khalidwe la mawu amenewa kwa chuma masiku ano dziko?

Chongani kugwirizana pakati pa mphamvu ya ndalama boma ndi oziyimila paokha, amaganizira nthawi lags kwanthawi zimene ndalama payekha akusonyeza kuti pafupi ndi mtengo unit, m'pamenenso pali malumikizanidwe pafupi. Komabe, monga ife kusuntha kwa msika zinthu zikusintha: pakhala kuwonjezeka malumikizanidwe pakati macroparameters izi.

Analysis wa ubale mphamvu za buku la ndalama za anthu ndi mwezi kukula GDP wasonyezanso kuti pali pafupi kugwirizana boma ndalama ndipo linanena bungwe dziko mu chuma Russian. Izo zikhoza kapadera boma amacheza kukhudzanso macrodynamics ndalezo.

Amayesa ngati misonkho pa anthu mu chuma wathu monga popezera mpata potsimikizira-cyclical ndi stimulator kukula chuma, kapena monga njira kubwezeretsanso chuma?

misonkho Direct, malinga ndi njira Keynesian, ndi zodziwikiratu levers mfundo zachuma, chifukwa phindu pafupifupi mwachindunji njila kwa ndalama wothandizira chuma ndi kuti kubweretsa msonkho pa anthu, ndipo zimenezi, buku la mankhwala aakulu m'banja.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo ayenera kusintha bwino kusonkhezera macrodynamics kuposa kusintha misonkho zina. Koma malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha kotunga chikugwa, mukhoza kusokoneza mlingo wa kuchepa msonkho njila. Izi chiyembekezo ongolankhula anali pa nthawi chimodzi mwa zifukwa chitukuko cha polojekiti mu Russian Federation pang'onopang'ono kosangalatsa mu zofunika pa misonkho pa anthu, limene limathandiza kuti predominance misonkho mwachindunji. Anthu a lero ndi: dziko, ndalama, kugula ndalama zakunja, chuma, malonda ndi malipiro: miyambo magalimoto kwa chilolezo malire, kukonza malo. Anthu kulipira zopereka thumba penshioni ndi sanali IP - kulembetsa.

Komabe, kapangidwe ka revenues msonkho kwa bajeti, kuphatikizapo msonkho pa anthu, ndipo malisiti ena, poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena ndi yosiyana - ife chogwidwa misonkho zina. Choncho, zinchito masamu mphamvu buku la zotolera mwachindunji msonkho ubwenzi GDP adzaphatikizapo kusintha basi wa magawo. kusanthula Statistical limasonyeza kuti ndalezo yabwino kwambiri kulimbikitsa macrodynamics ndi gawo la ndalama mwachindunji msonkho wa GDP, m'malo chotero, chomwe chiri ndi msonkho pa anthu nat.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, kupanga njira ya zachuma si kofunika kudziwa mphamvu ya misonkho mwachindunji ngati countercyclical ndalezo zachuma, komanso kudalirana kwa revenues msonkho kwa makhalidwe awo pa intervals yapita nthawi. zodabwitsazi tinganene mothandizidwa ndi kusanthula njira zachuma.

Mu mabuku chuma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chuma dziko amakhudzidwa kwambiri kusintha msonkho. Komanso, amakhulupirira kuti chibwenzi zisakuyenda walimbikitsa, monga akuti zatsimikiziridwa mwa mtengo wapatali ndi likukulirakulira la anthu ndi kuchulukitsa msonkho. Ziwerengero awa ayenera kusonyezedwa kusamala, chifukwa kukula GDP anaika maziko mawerengedwe imeneyi anapereka, ndi zinthu zina. Komanso, mapangidwe kuyankha dziko lomwe za kusintha kupanga msonkho zimatenga nthawi, ndi misonkho pa anthu - chodabwitsa panopa. Choncho m'pofunika kulankhula za mmene kuphatikiza kusintha msonkho, anagawira mu nthawi.

Kuphunzira mmene pa chuma, makhalidwe a msonkho mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi kudzera limagwirira wa otchedwa multiplier zachuma sizolondola kwathunthu. Popeza chithunzi ichi sakhala ndi zinthu zina. Mlingo wa misonkho mwachindunji ndi chimodzi mwa levers zothandiza kwambiri kuwongola zachuma a mphamvu cyclical. Koma ngati ntchito njira malamulo kukula zisathe ayenera kuganizira mfundo zitatu:

• pakati pa kusintha mu gawo la misonkho mwachindunji ndi linanena bungwe dziko ayankhe kwanthawi kwanthawi alipo;
• zotsatira za zotsatira msonkho pa macrodynamics anagawira mu nthawi;
• limodzi nthawi kusintha katundu msonkho pa chuma osati yaitali kusintha mu mphamvu ya GDP, komanso mu mphamvu ya revenues msonkho nthawi m'tsogolo.