Mfundo zachuma: ubwino ndi kuipa kukhazikitsa

mfundo zachuma - ndondomeko za boma ku munda wa misonkho, amene ayenera umalimbana mukupindula zokhudzana ndi kukondoweza kwa kukula zachuma ndi ntchito zonse, komanso mavuto anapereka structural, chikhalidwe ndi zonse ndondomeko.

Chifukwa cha ntchito zake pali kusintha kwakukulu pa ndalama ndi ndalama za bajeti boma. mfundozi angathe kuchitidwa basi pa maziko a kusintha zinthu chuma (popanda kusintha wapadera malamulo) ndi kuthokoza ntchito watanthauzo wa awiriwo nthambi za boma. Ndiko kuti, malingana ndi ntchito zida zachuma yonse ya mfundo zachuma ogaŵikana discretionary ndipo sanali discretionary.

mfundo Discretionary akhoza akuimira mu mawonekedwe a kusintha malamulo m'dongosolo msonkho ndi ndalama boma pofuna bata ndi kukwaniritsa waukulu macroeconomics.

The zida waukulu wa mtundu uwu monga:

- Kusintha kwa ndalama msonkho ndi kusintha chiwerengero cha misonkho mitengo awo. Choncho, kusintha mlingo msonkho, boma zimatheka ndi kuchepetsa kumana ndalama pa mavuto kapena kuchepa revenues pa kuchuluka lakuthwa mu mlingo wa zolowa. Chida ichi ntchito polimbana ndi kufufuma.

- Kupereka anthu ulova ndi ntchito. Ndalama ya ntchito ikuchitika makamaka bajeti boma.

- kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ngati chikhalidwe ngati malipiro a penshoni akale zaka ndi kulumala, ndi ankamvetsa zosiyanasiyana, ang'onoang'ono kulipira maphunziro, etc. Ndondomekozi kupereka olimba za cuma pa osiyana oscillations yoweyula-ngati uziyenda dziko.

mfundo Non-discretionary zachuma zachokera ubale wa revenues msonkho ndi ndalama za boma ndi ntchito za gawo bizinesi, komanso kusintha mavuto azachuma. mogwirizana Izi ikuchitika basi ndipo nthawi yomweyo akamagwiritsa kulemera enieni msonkho kumbali ndalama za bajeti ndi ndalama pa zochitika zosangalatsa kumbali ndalama zokhudzana. Izi zikhoza momwe chitsanzo cha msonkho ndalama za anthu. Inde, ndi kuwonjezeka mu revenues kwa nkhani ino, basi kumaonjezera kuchuluka kwa ubwino ulova. Pamene panali kuchepa ndondomeko ya zachuma ya dziko ndalama inachepetseratu ndipo, chotero, yafupika revenues msonkho kwa malipilo ndi bajeti (msonkho akutengedwa pamlingo pang'onopang'ono kwa milandu). Chifukwa cha malisiti m'munsi msonkho limapezeka pa kuchepekedwa bajeti, umene ndi Kanema wa kuchepa kupanga.

mfundo zachuma akhoza wachinsinsi ndi malo ena - zolimbikitsa kapena kuletsa. Choncho, zolimbikitsa ndondomeko ya ntchito pa sichikuyenda ambiri a zachuma ndipo amasonyeza mabala lakuthwa msonkho ndi kuonjezera ndalama boma chopatsa zikamera wa kuchepekedwa zachuma. Contractionary mfundo zachuma angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthawi imene kufufuma lalitali, amagwirizana ndi kuchuluka misonkho ndi ndalama yafupika boma. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kukhazikitsa pali zotsala bajeti kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza ngongole anthu.

Potaya mphamvu ya malamulo limafotokoza zinthu zingapo akuthandiza ntchito okha angathe, akuti:

- ndi kusinthasintha lakuthwa mu kapangidwe ka ndalama pagulu (mwachitsanzo, kufunika ndalama zina kwa imapanga chitetezo cha boma, zoteteza chilengedwe ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi) musalole kuti ntchito komanso mutsogolo ndi constraining mfundo;

- High dzuwa la ntchito zida zachuma ndondomeko angathe kuzikwaniritsa kwa kanthawi kochepa;

- pali kwanthawi kuti: kufunika zatrachivaniya nthawi zina kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo, pambuyo kulowa mu mphamvu ya kuti zotsatira zabwino kudzachitika pokhapo nthawi zina.

Komabe, dzuwa mkulu wa mfundo zachuma chingapezeke mu kukhazikitsa pamodzi ndi ndalama.