Monocots: chiyambi ndi makhalidwe a kalasi

Monocots padziko lapansi anaonekera pafupifupi nthawi yofanana ndi bipartite kuti: kuyambira nthawi imene yapitayi kuposa zaka mazana milioni. Koma njira yomwe izo zinachitika, botanists palibe vutoli. Othandiza kukangana malo amene monocots ali mbadwa mophweka kwambiri bipartite. Kukhala mu malo achinyezi: mu amatunga, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje. Ndipo zokometsera wa Maganizo achiwiri amakhulupirira kuti monocots ochokera kwa mamembala ambiri wosazindikira m'kalasi lomwelo. Ndiko kuti, likukhalira kuti maonekedwe, isanafike mitundu ano angakhale herbaceous.

Kanjedza, udzu ndi sedge - mabanja atatuwa amene unayendera kufalitsidwa ndi mapeto a nthawi Cretaceous. Koma bromeliads ndiponso maluwa, mwina wamng'ono.

Monocots a gulu la angiosperms, achiwiri kukula. Iwo chifukwa cha mitundu pafupifupi 60 000, genera - 2800, ndipo mabanja - 60. Mwa chiwerengero cha maluwa zomera monocots Kodi mbali yachinayi. M'malire a zaka 20-21 botanists awonjezera kalasi chifukwa kugawikana mabanja angapo m'mbuyomu anasankha. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, anagawira kakombo. Banja ochuluka kuposa maluwa anaonekera, kenako udzu, sedges, kanjedza. Ndipo chiwerengero zing'onozing'ono mtundu uli Araceae - 2500.

Ochiritsira, ankagwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira dziko gulu dongosolo monocotyledonous zomera maluwa anayamba mu 1981 ndi katswiri pa US - Artur Kronkvist. Iye anamangira monocots onse subclasses zisanu: kommelinidy, aretsidy, zingiberidy, alismatidy ndi liliidy. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo lapangidwabe malamulo angapo ukulu, kuchuluka amene zimasiyanasiyana.

Monocots ndi Monocotyledones. A dongosolo gulu mwakuchita APG ndi kupereka dzina la gulu m'Chingelezi kokha, limafanana ndi Monocots kalasi.

Anapereka makamaka monocots zitsamba ndi Pamlingo wamng'ono - mitengo, zitsamba ndi mphesa. Ena mwa iwo ndi anthu ambiri amene amakonda marshland mchere, kuswana mababu. The oimira banja ili alipo m'maiko onse a dziko lapansi.

Russian dzina monocots analandira ndi nambala ya cotyledons. Ngakhale njira imeneyi kudziŵa si mokwanira odalirika kapena mosavuta.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba kusiyanitsa monocots ndi dicots akufuna mu 18 m'ma English zamoyo John. Ray. Iye anafotokoza za makhalidwe awa a kalasi loyamba:

- Mapesi: kawirikawiri nthambi; anatseka mitolo yawo mtima; mitolo mtima anayikidwa mosintha pa odulidwa.

- wachoka: makamaka amplexicaul, popanda stipules; Nthawi zambiri yopapatiza mawonekedwe; arcuate kapena kufanana venation.

- mizu: fibrous; mizu adventitious mofulumira kwambiri m'malo muzu embryonic.

- Cambium: ayi, pankhani imeneyi, osati unakhuthala tsinde.

- Nyongolosiyo: monocotyledonous.

- Maluwa: perianth tichipeza awiri, pazipita - zinthu zitatu chabe; zochuluka mofana ndi stamens; atatu carpel.

Komabe, aliyense payekha, aliyense wa makhalidwe amenewa sangathe bwino kusiyanitsa bipartite ndi monocotyledons. Only amaonedwa osakaniza, n'zotheka kuti molondola kwambiri anakhazika kalasi.