The referendum - ndi kuchita chifuniro mwachindunji anthu

The referendum - ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za masiku ano anthu demokalase pamene mphamvu yokhala wokwatibwa ndi anthu. Ndi kuchita chifuniro cha anthuwo pa mafunso ofunika zosiyanasiyana. Ndipotu boma la akulankhula nzika.

The referendum - ndi nduna ndondomeko, dongosolo limene malamulo ndi zochita za lamulo lalikhulu ladziko ndipo malamulo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zomveka. Komabe, ngakhale, zotsatira za referendum ndi zambiri ananyalanyaza matupi a mphamvu ya boma.

Mitundu zotsatirazi referendums (malingana m'munsi kuti akugwira).

1. Pa maziko a ang'ono, iwo anawagawa dziko (kuti umachitika mu dziko), dera (m'gawo la nkhani imodzi kapena kuposa) ndi m'deralo (ikuchitika pa mlingo wa boma m'dera).

2. zili agawidwa Constitutional (ie, pa chikhazikitso cha malamulo atsopano kapena Kusintha kwa zaka), malamulo (chikhazikitso cha malamulo atsopano kusodza) ndi kufunsira (pa mayendedwe a ntchito apamwamba, ulamuliro dera kapena wamba).

3. Malinga ndi digiri ya udindo: kuvomerezedwa (khalidwe limene motsatira Constitution), kapena optional (anayambika ndi matupi lolamulira kapena anthu).

4. Kuti zofunika: ndi zikuluzikulu (monga zotsatira za mavoti otchuka zimadalira tsoka la bilu a) komanso malangizo (kwenikweni woimira Kafukufuku zikuluzikulu za anthu ndipo osati kusainira).

5. nthawi: doparlamentskie (tbc anthu maganizo pa nkhani inayake isanafike kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo zogwirizana), posleparlamentskie (pambuyo kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo) ndi owonjezera aphungu (pamene tsoka la ntchito agwirizana mwachindunji pa mavoti otchuka).

The referendum - ndi chochitika, mchitidwe nthawi mwachilungamo yaitali. Ngakhale wakale Rome panabuka chinthu monga chisankhocho ndi (ndiko kuti, plebeians kuvota pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana). The Senate choyamba, wopangidwa mwa patricians, ananyalanyaza zotsatira za chisankhocho, Komabe, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo okhudzidwa (mu 5-4 zaka BC), njirayi anapatsidwa udindo nduna ndipo anakhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu akuti "chilamulo."

Mu mbiri posachedwapa dziko referendum - ndi si zachilendo. April 25, 1993, pa referendum loyamba la Russian Federation, kumene anakambirana zokhudza chisankho cha Pulezidenti ndi Bungwe la akuluakulu anthu, komanso nkhani ya mfundo chikhalidwe anathamangitsa ndiye. Patatha pang'ono (mu chaka chomwecho) zpani zambiri anatenga Constitution la boma latsopano. Mu mbiri ya kafukufuku Soviet anthu monga sanali, nkhani onse anatsimikiza pa apamwamba mlingo chipani mu bwalo yopapatiza wa anthu odalirika. Woyamba ndi wotsiriza Soviet referendum - chochitika unachitika March 17, 1991 ( "Pa nkhani ya kuteteza ubwanawe alikukonzeka watsopano wa mayiko wochezeka"), kumene "FOR" anakuvoterani oposa theka la anthu, koma ngakhale, dziko yaikulu mbisoweka kwa mapu.