Moscow - St. Petersburg khwalala. M11 njira. Speedway "Moscow - St. Petersburg"

Panopa, izo akufuna kumanga msewu "Moscow -. St. Petersburg" Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo oyamba mu Russian Federation, ndi cholinga chapadera. The watsopano feduro pamsewu St. Petersburg lidzaloŵa m'malo alipo - M10. Yoyendamo pa izo kulipira.

mwachidule

M10 wataya mphamvu m'madera ena. Likhale ndi ufulu njira kwa msewu watsopano feduro. Njira Moscow - St. Petersburg, chiwembu lomwe lili m'madera ambiri, adzakhala ndi kutalika makilomita pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri. khwalala adzayamba ku malire a likulu Kenako anadutsa m'dera osiyana. Kwenikweni, udzachitike pa Moscow (90 km), Tver (253 km), Novgorod (233 km) ndi Leningrad (75 km) m'deralo.

mbali pomanga

Ndi 2018, dongosolo la msonkho msewu Moscow - St. Petersburg ndi kuikidwa mu ntchito. Kumangidwa kwa ena zigawo kuyamba tsopano. Iwo ankafuna kuti ithe ndi chiyambi cha mpira Championship World kuonedwa mu 2018. The mtengo okwana polojekiti kuposa zana ndi makumi asanu biliyoni rubles. Part cha ndalamazo adzakhala padera mwachindunji yoimba. Chinthu ndi chetyrhpolosnuyu msewu luso gulu 1a. Calculated liwiro - osapitirira 150 km / h. Njira yatsopano "Moscow - St. Petersburg" ndidzadutsa kupyola Novgorod ndi Tver zigawo. M'dera limeneli anaganiza zomanga za zana milatho. Komanso, akhale okonzeka ndi polumikizana angapo magalimoto. Iwo ankafuna kuti Levy mlandu osati zigawo zonse za njira Moscow - St. Petersburg. njanji Komabe, oposa 50% adzakhala angokhala mmodzi wa iwo. Ndi zinayi makilomita.

mbali Economic. Ntchito PPPs

Kuti anayamba kumanga mkulu-liwiro mzere "Moscow - St. Petersburg", anali kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Mu dziko kwa nthawi yoyamba anagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za mgwirizano pagulu-payekha. Ndi chilolezo pangano, amene amaonetsetsa nkhani ya ndalama payekha. Nawonso, ayenera kutsatira m'malo ena bajeti kukhazikitsa ntchito yomanga.

ntchito yoyamba

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, mfundo ya mgwirizano pagulu-wamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga misewu. Komabe, padakali pano kampani "Avtodor" akufuna kuchita zina chinthu. yomanga awo ndi ntchito wotsatira kudzachitika mu chimango cha mgwirizano pagulu-payekha. Ambiri, iwo zili mwachindunji pafupi St. Petersburg.

The concessionaire wa chinthu

Pakuti mutu wa msewuzo ndi udindo ma sheya hoda zoweta ndi alendo omwe. Udindo nyumba lagona pa "North-West chilolezo Company". Adzaupereka kwa bungwe French. Pa nthawi yomweyo, theka la ndalama anapanga ndi ma sheya hoda Russian. Kuphatikizapo ndondomeko amatenda kapangidwe ka munthu wa St. Petersburg amalonda. Ena TV ikutchedwa mnzake ndi mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia. Mwini wa nyumba deta ndi Arkady Rotenberg. phukusili inagulidwa zaka zingapo m'mbuyomu, mamembala a bungwe "N-Trans".

Kusaina pangano ngongole

The kutsekedwa ndalama ntchito pa ntchito yomanga gawo mutu unachitikira m'chaka cha 2010. Bwinobwino kusaina pangano ngongole. ndikupeleka panafika mabungwe monga Sberbank, "Vnesheconombank" ndi "North-West chilolezo Company". Malinga ndi pangano lawo, kapangidwe pamwamba ayenera kupereka ndalama SZKK kwa polojekiti. kukula ngongole kuzungulira biliyoni makumi atatu rubles. Pa malipiro ake wapatsidwa nthawi ya zaka makumi awiri. Onse mabanki kupereka ndalama mu buku ofanana. Federal Investment Fund nawonso kupanga zomangidwazo kuchuluka. Anakonza mayikidwe a nsinga zomangamanga. Choncho, concessionaire amafuna kulera ndalama kuphimba yotsala ya ndalama ya.

Nkhani ananena za Bank European

Kale misa TV inanena kuti gulu adzathandiza ndalama polojekiti. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti banki amatha kupereka gawo yaikulu ya ndalama ya. ndalama izi anakonza kulongosola ntchito pa chigawo choyamba cha thunthu. Komabe, nkhani chidatengedwa kenako kuti banki waganiza amakana ku nawo ndalama ntchito yomangayo. Gululi linkanena chakuti zinthu zimenezi zimawononga zachilengedwe za dziko. Zimenezi, mosiyana ndi malamulo banki zoweta. Komabe, mneneri wa bungwe anakana zimenezi. Iye mawu akuti banki European sanali kupita nawo ndalama pomanga gawo mutu pa msewu mkulu-liwiro. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti ndalama zofunika pa ntchito kale kuyisonkhanitsa. Zilibe ngakhale ayenera kukopa ndalama zakunja. Komanso, woimira boma wa banki mu mawu sunaletse kuthekera nawo mabungwe mu ndalama yomanga zina pamalowo.

Mwatsatanetsatane mawerengedwe a ndalama

Mtengo wa yomanga gawo laling'ono la msewu biliyoni makumi rubles. ndalamazo sakhala ndi ndalama mlandu tsiku lokonzekera gawo kukhazikitsa ntchito zogwirizana, koma amaphatikizapo VAT. A kotala ya ndalama kwa polojekiti chili ndi Investor lapansi. The State amatitsimikizira kupereka ndalama udzakhala kukhazikitsa pamalowo. Ndi udindo yokonza kuyambirira a dera la ntchito zogwirizana ndi ayenera amavomereza zolembedwa ntchito. Iwo kudzachitika pansi chilolezo chiwembu.

mitengo kuyenda

Kuwerengetsera lolingana adakali mosalekeza. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti ndalama kuyenda mu chigawo mutu wa njanji adzapanga zinayi rubles pa kilometre. kuwerengetsera awa anali kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi mlingo mtengo wa 2007, kupatulapo VAT mu iwo. Chifukwa, mlingo zingasiyane. Mfundo yaikulu okhudza mtengo kuyenda adzakhala: pafupipafupi ntchito pa msewu, nthawi ya tsiku, galimoto gulu ndi zina zotero. Mtengo pafupifupi pa zomwe njira M11 lidzakhala lilipo, mapu amene m'nkhani ino sadzakhala upambana 2.5 pakani. / Km. Malinga anapezazo ndi kuyambirira, ntchito zambiri pakhomo ku dera Leningrad (40 makilomita) ndalama yofanana. The mabacteria zina malipiro ili m'chigawo chapakati cha njira Moscow - St. Petersburg. Tsatani monga anati pamwamba, chitadutsa ndi m'madera ena. Izi, makamaka, Novgorod, Tver ndi Moscow. Choncho, dalaivala wa galimoto kuyenda pa khwalala ndalama za 1 ruble pa kilometre. Chifukwa, kuchuluka kwa ulendo lonse adzamasulidwa m'dera la rubles mazana asanu. Nkhani imeneyi anaukitsidwa otsiriza chilimwe pa Forum World Economic, umene unachitika mu St. Petersburg. Iye wapampando wa Russian State Road Company mawu pa mtengo kuyenda. Malinga ndi iye, mtengo pa kilometre ya msewu M11 achuluke kwambiri. Choncho, mtengo wake akuyembekezeka kukhala zoposera zikwi rubles.

Kufunika ntchito

Ntchito polenga njira zina za ntchito msewu M10 "Russia" anayamba kalekale. Kulengedwa wakhala motalika kokwanira. Back mu 70s ndi chiwembu loyamba understudy msewu anali gawo la dongosolo mbuye chitukuko likulu ndi dera. Popeza kuti msewu M10 panopa phunziro kwa akatundu kwambiri. The lololedwa ndi kuposa kangapo. Tsopano mphamvu njira ili pafupi zikwi makumi anai magalimoto patsiku. La dongosolo la magalimoto 170 000 patsiku ndi magalimoto weniweni lero pa njira Moscow - St. Petersburg. njanji msanga amakhala unusable. Idamva pazipita potsegula malamulo bwanji osati khalidwe la panjira ya. Pakhomo la likulu, liwiro pafupifupi pa msewu M10 ndi makilomita osakwana khumi. Mu ora zikhoza kuchepa pachimake asanu. Pa njira imeneyi, pali chiwerengero chachikulu ngozi ya galimoto imene akuposa miyezo yachibadwa m'dziko lonselo kangapo. M'madera pafupi mpweya kwambiri zakhudzana. mlingo kuposa malamulo a ukhondo la Chitaganya cha Russia ku kasanu.

Mavuto a chikhalidwe zachilengedwe

Mkulu-liwiro msewu Moscow - St. Petersburg Khimki nkhalango adzagawa awiri. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ntchito yomanga mderali omwe inaimitsidwa. Izi ndi chifukwa Zionetsero za mabungwe amene anali ndi chiwonongeko cha mitengo kumanga msewu. Zochita za anthu a "Movement Kufotokoza Khimki Forest" kudula mitengo wakhala ndinayima. Kenako, apolisi anapeza kuti antchito analibe chilolezo ndi zikalata zoyenerera. Atangochoka yomanga adayambanso. Pa nthawi yomweyo, olimbikitsa anayesa akumuletsa. Patapita nthawi pa mtsogoleri wa gulu la kusagwirizana ndi kumanga msewu anaukiridwa. Patapita nthawi anapanga mgwirizano wa anthu aukali wamng'ono. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, apolisi anakakamizika kumwazikana msasa wawo.

Kenako, anthu osadziwika bungwe kuukira nyumba ya utsogoleli m'deralo. The chitseko kwa nyumbayo kugonja ndi mawindo wosweka. Mtsogoleri wa gulu Poteteza nkhalango sanagwirizane ndi njira zimenezi wa nkhondo. Anthu akhala kuwaletsa kumanga. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira msonkhano wa ntchito ya boma. Iwo anali ndi kufunitsitsa amavomereza ntchito pachiyambi. Abale oimira Bungwe neno kuti Baibulo malinga ndi zomwe njira yatsopano "Moscow - St. Petersburg" adzadutsa nkhalango Khimki, kotheratu malamulo ndi wolungama. Motero, nkhaniyo mothandizidwa ndi anthu ambiri a boma, popeza maganizo awo, zinali mwamtheradi kukondera ndi moyenera. Pambuyo amene anabwera kutaya Pulezidenti suspend kumanga pamayeso zina. Posachedwa wachiŵiri wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev ananena mawu amene Ndipotu pulezidenti njira chidachitika wambirimbiri ntchito zogwirizana. Iye ananenanso kuti khalidwe lawo akhale ndi kusintha kwambiri chifukwa cha polojekiti.

Chifukwa, ife apanga dongosolo la zochitika zachilengedwe, umene unachitika mu pokonzekera ntchito yomanga. The mtengo okwana dongosolo anali biliyoni anayi dollars. dongosolo Izi zikuphatikizapo ndi kuchuluka kwa lolingana zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, adzalenga zopinga phokoso siteshoni mpweya polojekiti basi. Iwo ankafuna kuti achite miyeso wapadera kuteteza osungirako zachilengedwe, kubzala greenery. Tikangonyamula nduna za Atumiki a ntchito izi kuchuluka ikhale ya ndalama zambiri wakhala allocated. Ndalama zimenezi udzakhala miyeso malipilo m'madera ena nkhalango imene yadulidwa mu ndondomeko ya kumanga msewu mkulu-liwiro.

"Zavidovo"

M11 njira "Moscow - St. Petersburg" zidzakhudza malire a malo osungirako. Zimenezi unam'chititsanso kwambiri pa mlanduwo. Komabe, lamulo sakhala adzabwera mu mphamvu. Boma akadali sanabwere ndi kugwirizana pa nkhani imeneyi. Monga zinachitikira nkhalango Khimki, ena mabungwe mabungwe ogwira ankatsutsa khwalala M11 umadutsa ndi malo osungirako. zionetsero angapo bungwe. Motero, boma anaganiza kuti m'malo a m'derali, limene lidzakhala njanji zatsopano "Zavidovo" kulumikizana madera ena.

chinthu chotsatira

Zimenezi pa njira Moscow - St. Petersburg msewu anakhoza kupeza chilolezo zonse zofunikira (malinga ndi malamulo a dziko) ndipo mapeto abwino chifukwa cha ziyenera zingakhudzire chilengedwe. Centralized basi kasamalidwe dongosolo magalimoto adzakhala anaika pa mbali yaikulu ya njira M11, monga poyamba anakonza. Ena ankafuna kuti akonze mfundo kulankhulana mwadzidzidzi, achoke, ndi kuyatsa ndi zotchinga apakatikati adzakhala ntchito padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa Mbali yaikulu ya malo zomangamanga.