Mugone yapakati-mitundu ndi mfundo za dziko. Mugone Interethnic mu Russia zamakono

The Russian akatswiri pakati pa anthu ambiri kuti asapita yapakati-mitundu - ndi kulankhulana, njira ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu ofanana fuko lawo mbadwa kapena okhala limati zina, kuimira mitundu ina. Kwenikweni lawo potengera ndi nkhani ya banja, banja, ndale ndi zina zovuta, olowa kuthetsa mavuto. Psychology Akatswiri kudziwa m'njira ziwiri zofunika, amene anakonza asapita yapakati-mitundu - payekha ndi gulu.

Mfundo Ubwenzi Peoples ': mlingo losonkhanitsidwa

N'chiyani chimachititsa khalidwe la kulankhulana zogwirizana? Omwe ali chinthu chofunika kwambiri ngati asapita yapakati-mitundu zabwino, kapena M'malo mwake, adzasenza lingathe nkhondo? Choyamba, dziwani kuti zidalira pa mlingo wa zimachitika pakati pa anthu - mmodzi wa awiriwo amene tawatchulawa.

Choyamba, tiyenera kufufuza zinthu zenizeni ndi gulu la. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti maganizo ndi nkhani izo kukhazikitsa kulankhulana pa mitundu mlingo gulu, amadalira kwambiri za mmene iwo kucheza mbiri yakale. Zimenezi n'zomveka: ambiri a mitundu ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana a anthu a masiku ano unakhazikitsidwa mazana zapitazo, ndipo ngati ife kulankhula za anthu ena - zikwi. "Young", opanda chidwi zinachitikira m'mbiri ya anthu kulankhulana interethnic ndi ochepa, koma iwo ali.

zinthu padziko lonse

Chinthu china chofunika - vuto umoyo ndale mu dziko, mu dera lonse mu dziko. Pali precedents zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndi wochezeka, zochokera mbiri, anthu "dana" (kapena, Tikawonetsetsa 'kuyanjananso ") chifukwa cha kusintha kulikonse ndale. Komanso n'chofunikira ayambe media, amene Komabe, si nthawi zonse kuonetsa zenizeni umoyo ndale.

ubwenzi umunthu

ndi zinthu zimene zimakhudza asapita interethnic pa munthu aliyense payekha chiyani? Kumene, iwo amene ife tanena, nawonso amathandiza kwambiri. Komabe, mwina alinkuthedwa ngati anthu bwino ndi mzake (kapena, Tikawonetsetsa ndi kutsutsana) pa mlingo maganizo payekha. Komanso panjira akuphatikizapo mayiko ena kwa ena zimakhala zenizeni za anthu pa nkhani zina. Mwachitsanzo, oimira awiri mitundu pachikhalidwe chikumenyana adzapeza okha ndi vuto ndi khama olowa kutuluka, ndiye n'zotheka kuti ubwenzi ali, iwo amati, Musakhetse madzi.

I kwa mfundo zothandiza national

Political ndi umoyo ndi zachuma citukuko ca dziko, mwina mu malo oyamba zimadalira m'mene moyenera amanga ndondomeko zoweta. Ndipo pambuyo kuti - ndi khalidwe la kulankhulana m'bwalo lonse. Pali, ndithudi, boma limene vuto sikuthandiza - chabe chifukwa anthu pafupifupi "monoethnic" Monolingual kusakhulupirika mtundu anagwirizana mu mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa chikhalidwe ndi maganizo.

Koma Russia - Dziko limene pali mazana a anthu osiyanasiyana ndi chinenero, chikhalidwe, ndi worldview. Choncho, pamaso pa boma la Russia ndi nthawi zovuta - kuchititsa kupitirirabe khalidwe polojekiti ubale yapakati-mitundu m'dzikoli, kudziwa za madera vuto ndi bwino kuthetsa mavuto. Koma kodi i kwa mfundo zokwanira dziko? Kodi kupeza ndi bwino kuthetsa mavuto ubale yapakati-tsankho? Akatswiri kuitana zosiyanasiyana muyezo. Taonani zitsanzo za yabwino ndi wololera.

Kuonetsetsa ufulu wofanana andale

Ndipo chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira - kuti mayiko onse akukhala boma. Yapakati-mitundu ndi yapakati-mitundu asapita - ndi choyamba, mbali ya ndale. Choncho, mitundu imene nawo, ayenera akhale nacho chuma chomwecho kusonyeza mwini malo, mtima zikhulupiriro. Akanagwiritsa ntchito ndi kukhala ofanana ndi Choncho - zida chomwecho mogwirizana ndi akuluakulu a boma. Zochita izi zikhoza kukhala kuti ndi ufulu wofanana andale amene angathe kuchitidwa maziko a - kusankha ndi kusankhidwa. Ie oimira anthu osiyanasiyana a Russia ayenera kukhala zofunikira kuti athandize zofuna zawo ndi kuchita ulili kutsogoza ndale kwa dzikoli.

zipangizo zothandiza Mwaichi mwina kupereka malo dziko mwayi wodzilamulira komanso kuli njira masankho mwa anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana akhoza akuimira mu nyumba boma ndi apamwamba mphamvu.

Kusalaza pa umoyo ndi zachuma kusiyana

Harmonization ubale interethnic mu chimango lina ndi zovuta, ngati anthu osiyana, akukhala kutali ndi mzake, ndi kusinthasintha ndi ndalama anthuwo, kupeza maphunziro abwino, mankhwala ndi zomangamanga. Akuluakulu ayenera kumanga ndi chitsanzo cha vuto la zachuma cha dziko limene madera dziko akufunika thandizo ndalama ake, koma sanazione kupweteketsa pamene zinthu zikuchitika bwino.

zipangizo zothandiza pano - zolemeletsedwa msonkho ndi mfundo zachuma, aluntha ndalama - makampani, zomangamanga ndi maphunziro.

Kukonza mkhalidwe wa kulolerana mangawawo

Zimachitika kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana kotero yosiyana maganizo ndi chikhalidwe, iwo anataya luso osati ndi kukambirana zaphindu kuti kukhazikitsa kulankhulana ndi wotero. Iwo sangathe kumvetsa mzake, ngakhale kulankhulana ndi wina zimenezi n'zomveka m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Ndi mwina, osati tanthauzo la mawu, koma zochita, mfundo, malamulo a khalidwe. Koma chidziwitso zingatithandize kukhazikitsa magawo atatu a anthu ndi bungwe lawo anakhazikitsa cholinga kuthetsa mavuto powapatsa aliyense "osamvetsa" mtundu wa kukondera chitsanzo cha khalidwe, kulenga m'banja limene mafuko ena amavomerezedwa zolakwa, osakana. Iwo ayenera kutenga malo, mu parlance ano, kulolerana timakhala interethnic.

Zida Lothandiza kukhazikitsa imeneyi chigawo chimodzi cha malamulo dziko mwina kusintha yokonza ndondomeko za maphunziro, Gona TV, kugwiritsa ntchito chochitika pa mlingo mbiri feduro kuwombola chikhalidwe.

Russian sewero

Mmene yapakati-mitundu Gona ndi mfundo za boma ku Russia zizigwirizana akugwirizana ndi mawu ali pamwambawa? Pa dzanja limodzi, boma anatha kumanga mabungwe zofunika zimene zimasonyeza kuti aliyense wa asilikali awa. Dziko lililonse lili ndi zovuta zake oimira dziko yamalamulo mu Bungwe la Federation. Lililonse fuko tikukhala mu Russia, ali wofanana kotheratu ufulu ndale. Ku mbali chuma kovuta, koma zikuoneka kukhala ndi gawo cholinga chachikulu ndi, monga Motero, sikutheka kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zokhudza nzika m'madera onse. Komanso, kusiyana miyezo ya moyo pakati pa zigawo munthu wa Russia pafupifupi osati womangidwa ndi zinthu zadziko. Kwakukulu amachititsa resourcing, komanso nyengo ndi zomangamanga. Pa TV, osachepera anthu amene nthawi zambiri zimachitika angapo pagulu, kusungidwa ololera ndithu mkonzi malamulo, komanso mapulogalamu zofunika maphunziro. Komano, Russia mwa malire ake pano ndi mu mapangidwe ziliri ndale - Dziko aang'ono kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa mfundo momveka bwino chakuti akagonana yapakati-mitundu ndi ndondomeko national kuti alimbane mwangwiro kuchita oyambirira. Ngakhale, ndithudi, preconditions zofunika kudya, ndipo ife anawaitana.

Taonani tsopano, nanga asapita interethnic ku Russia pa mlingo wa mabungwe munthu chikhalidwe. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi maphunziro.

anthu School

Kufotokoza zonse zitheka kwa dongosolo maphunziro Soviet, mmodzi wa ubwino wake angatsutse - pamaso pa akuphunzira amalanga kuti zofunika kwambiri mfundo za chitukuko cha anthu - mbiri, mabuku ndi sayansi chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo konse ankaimba khadi dziko. zochitika zakale ndiponso zandale pafupifupi palibe ana anali kuperekedwa kudzera prism chidani pakati pa anthu okhala Soviet Union, kapena chifukwa cha ungwazi wa fuko lirilonse umodzi. zabwino zonse wafika pa dziko zokomera, zinali zotheka chifukwa cha khama la anthu wonse Soviet.

Lachitsanzo Soviet

Ambiri mwa akatswiri lero amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zambiri chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaika mu kolowera sukulu, wamkulu lero nzika za la Russia ankaona kusakhulupirika ndi mitundu ina makamaka mwansangala, kukhulupirira kuti ife tiri tsopano - gawo la anthu umodzi Russian. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti tiyenera kukhala kwambiri oyamikira chakuti tsopano pali harmonization ubale interethnic, sukulu m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Nkofunika kutaya zinthu zambiri zimene aphunzitsi wambirimbiri kuyambira Soviet Union kwa zaka zambiri.

Kumene, nthawi payekha pamene unagona yapakati-mafuko a sukulu limodzi ndi mavuto kumeneko. Komabe, iwo mwina sindiwo dongosolo. Masiku ano ana, ngati akapolo anzawo akale Soviet - kuti ubwenzi wa anthu.

boma lingaliro

Mugone Interethnic mu Russia ano zimamangidwa ndi boma pa maziko a mfundo boma. Taganizirani mbali yake.

Munthu woyamba zochita kwambiri malamulo mderali - Pulezidenti Watsimikiza yolembedwa ndi m'chilimwe cha 1996. chikalata ichi kale sanaithetse, koma kachitidwe mlanduwu lili dongosolo chidwi kwambiri maganizo ndi zofunika ndipo zosiyanasiyana mfundo kutsata ndi maulamuliro pa milingo boma ndi dera ndi pankhani ya kugonana yosiyanasiyana. Cholinga cha kuchita malamulo kuonetsetsa ankalengeza umodzi wa anthu a Russia pa nkhani watsopano zakale.

Chikalatachi anati kuti chikhalidwe ubale interethnic m'dziko lathu kusanduka kwa zaka zambiri. Ambiri a magulu a mitundu akukhala Russia - anthu m'deralo, amene achita yofunika mbiri mu mapangidwe statehood. Iwo umatsimikizira kuti anthu Russian achita udindo wa zinathandiza ndi kuwapempha ku Russia - mtundu amakhala ndi osakaniza wapadera ogwirizana ndiponso zosiyanasiyana mafuko.

Trends 90

Watsimikiza 1996 amalembedwa angapo mumaganiza kuti, malinga ndi maulamuliro, akhoza zimaonetsa asapita zikhulupiriro zina ndi interethnic mu Russia. Apa iwo ali.

Choyamba, pamene pali gawo Transitional (monga izi akulemba lamulo sanapite kwa zaka zambiri kuchokera tsiku la kugwa kwa USSR), pa chitukuko cha mtundu Russian zingamvekere chilakolako cha mitundu yambiri ufulu wodzilamulira.

Kachiwiri mafuko kuti mtundu wathu, kumva kuti ndikufunika kugwira mphamvu ya kusintha ogwira mlingo, kutenga nkhani yakuti umoyo ndi zachuma chuma cha zigawo sangakhale chimodzimodzi.

Chachitatu, Gona yapakati-mafuko a Russia ano yodziwika ndi chakuti anthu a dziko lathu, kupempha kusunga ndiponso makhalidwe abwino chawo.

Madera a ntchito lero

Kodi malamulo ndi ndondomeko zothandiza maganizo a lero? , Monga miyeso kwa harmonization ubale interethnic mu Russia? M'malo mwa Watsimikiza 1996 ndi watsopano lamulo pulezidenti inakhazikitsa mu 2012. Ambiri mwa mfundo zofunika zimene taonera pamwambapa, anatsimikizira kuchita mlanduwu. Choncho, chimene amapereka kwa mphamvu, kumanga asapita yapakati-mafuko a Russia? Pano pali mbali, amene angathe kupereka maganizo a mwambo zotheka kwa madongosolo azifotokoza latsopano Watsimikiza Pulezidenti.

Choyamba, amaganiza chitukuko ndi intensification kulankhulana yapakati chikhalidwe, inabuka mwa magulu ena mitundu chidziwitso cha ena.

Chachiwiri, boma amapereka ntchito kwa kwambiri ntchito mu njira ethnographic m'munda wa zochitika yapakati-mitundu chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro, maulendo alendo, Mpikisano masewera.

Chachitatu, malangizo kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa ntchito yophunzitsa ndi ana ndi achinyamata, ndi kutsindika pa dziko lawo ndi boma chikumbumtima kuukitsidwa.

Ubwenzi wa mitundu - maziko a chitukuko Russia

Izi ndi njira zina zambiri zimene zimachitika pakati pa boma ndi anthu ayenera, monga wopanga malamulo Russian amakhulupirira kulenga maziko amphamvu, potengera zomwe zachokera chitukuko cha anthu, mphatso komanso tsogolo mibadwo osati. Lingaliro, ndithudi, zodabwitsa. Kukhazikitsa ndi zimatengera osati pa malamulo a boma, komanso pa zochita za nzika okha.