Muzipereka kwa Biology Karla Linneya (mwachidule). Kodi mphatso za chitukuko cha zamoyo Karl Linney anayambitsa?

Apadera wasayansi Karl Linney anabadwa mu 1707 ku Sweden. Wamkulu amadziwika dongosolo lake la gulu la dziko wamoyo. Zinali ndi n'kofunika kwambiri lonse la zamoyo. kafukufuku kwa ulendo kwambiri padziko lonse. Chopereka Karla Linneya mu zamoyo ndi anasonyezanso mu tanthauzo la nambala mfundo zofunika ndi mawu.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Chidwi zomera ndi zamoyo zonse mudziko Karl pang'ono anaonekera ana aang'ono kwambiri. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti bambo ake akusamalira munda payekha kuseri. Mwana kotero amakonda zomera kuti umaonekera maphunziro ake. Makolo ake anali ochokera m'mabanja a ansembe. Bambo ndi mayi akufuna kukhala m'busa Carl. Komabe, mwana zoipa ankaphunzira za umulungu. M'malomwake, likafika tinkasangalalira kuphunzira zomera.

Makolo poyamba osamala anatenga masewera mwana. Koma pamapeto anavomera mfundo yakuti Carl anapita kukaphunzira pa dokotala. Mu 1727 iye anali mu University of Lund, ndipo patatha chaka umasamutsidwa ku University of Uppsala, lomwe linali lalikulu ndi zambiri yapamwamba. Kumeneko anakumana ndi Peter Artedi. anyamata mabwenzi abwino. Pamodzi iwo akuchita Baibulo la gulu alipo mu sayansi.

Komanso Karl Linney anadziwa Professor Olof Celsius. msonkhano uwu unali wofunika kwambiri kwa wasayansi wamng'ono. Celsius anakhala mnansi wake, ndi thandizo mu nthawi zovuta. Chopereka Karla Linneya mu zamoyo anamaliza osati ina yake, ngakhale ntchito achinyamata. Mwachitsanzo, mu zaka izi, lofalitsidwa monograph wake woyamba, umene unadzipereka dongosolo kugonana zomera.

oyendayenda zachilengedwe

Mu 1732 Karl Linney anapita ku Lapland. Ulendo ankawalangiza chifukwa zolinga zingapo. Wasayansi ankafuna kuti akatidzadza chidziwitso chawo cha nawo ntchitoyo. ntchito ongolankhula ndi kafukufuku yaitali makoma nduna sanathe mpaka kalekale.

Lapland - kumpoto m'chigawo wankhanza wa Finland, umene panthawi imeneyo unali mbali ya Sweden. Wapadera dziko lino anali osowa nyama ndi zomera sakudziwika kwa azungu wamba a chi. Linnaeus yekha kwa miyezi isanu oyendayenda m'mphepete kutali, kufufuza pa zomera, nyama ndi mchere. Zotsatira zake zinali ukanakhala ulendo herbarium zinapezedwa zachilengedwe. Ambiri a zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi wapadera ndi osadziwika kwa sayansi. Karl Linney anayamba kufotokoza awo kuchokera zikande. Zimenezi zinamuthandiza m'tsogolo. Pambuyo ulendo, iye lofalitsidwa ntchito angapo zoyenera chikhalidwe, zomera, nyama ndi zina zotero .. Mabukuwa wotchuka kwambiri mu Sweden. Ndiyamika Carl Linnaeus dziko akhoza kuphunzira zambiri za inemwini.

Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi chakuti wasayansi zafalitsa mafotokozedwe ethnographic a moyo ndi miyambo ya Sami tsiku ndi tsiku. Anthu akutali ankakhala ndi moyo zaka mu Far North, pafupifupi asanaonane ndi ena a chitukuko. Ambiri a Linnaeus zolemba ndi chochititsa chidwi lero monga moyo choyambirira cha ndiye okhala North m'mbuyomu.

Akutsutsa Sami, zomera, zipolopolo ndi mchere pamodzi ulendowo, anakhala maziko a chigawo kwambiri wasayansi lapansi. Iye kudzadza mpaka imfa yake. Atakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko, kulikonse anasonkhana zakale amene ndiye mosamala kusungidwa. Ndi pafupifupi 19 zikwi zomera, tizilombo, 3000, mazana a mchere, zipolopolo ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. cholowa izi zikusonyeza kwambiri chopereka Karla Linneya mu zamoyo (makamaka usinkhu wake).

"Dongosolo la chilengedwe"

M'chaka cha 1735, "Dongosolo la chilengedwe" linasindikizidwa mu Netherlands. ntchito imeneyi Linnaeus ndi mtengo wake waukulu ndi opambana. Anagawa chilengedwe ku magawo angapo ndipo watipatsa gulu la chonse cha dziko wamoyo. nomenclature Zoological akufuna mu kope la khumi la moyo wake wa mwini, anapatsidwa binomial maina sayansi. Tsopano iwo ntchito kulikonse. Zinalembedwa Latin ndi kusonyeza mtundu ndi mtundu wa nyama.

Kupyolera m'buku ili mu zonse sayansi (osati zinyama kapena zomera) anapambana njira mwadongosolo. Chamoyo lili ndi makhalidwe kuti analembedwa ndi ufumu (mwachitsanzo, nyama), gulu, mtundu, mitundu ndi zina zotero. D. The chopereka Karla Linneya mu zamoyo ndi zovuta Musaone. Only pamene moyo wa mwini, bukuli nthawi 13 (zoyenera kuwonjezapo ndi mfundo zofotokoza) linatulutsidwa.

"Zomera"

Monga tanena, mbewu ndi chidwi chapadera dera la wasayansi Swedish. Zomera kunali chilango, chimene odzipereka ntchito zawo zambiri ofufuza owala, kuphatikizapo Karl Linney. Mphatso za sayansi ya zamoyo zachilengedwe anasonyeza m'buku "zomera" wake. Iye anaonekera kulisindikiza mu 1753 ndipo unagawidwa mabuku awiri. Edition anakhala maziko onse nomenclature wotsatira mu zomera.

Buku lili zatsatanetsatane za mitundu yonse kudziwika kwa sayansi pa nthawi imeneyo. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ziwalo zoberekera (a pistil ndi stamen). The "zomera" binomial nomenclature lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ntchito ntchito wakale wasayansi lapansi. Pambuyo buku loyamba akutsatiridwa ndi wachiwiri, amene anali kugwira ntchito mwachindunji Karl Linney. Muzipereka kwa zamoyo, mwachidule anafotokoza mu iliyonse buku, sayansi wapanga chotchuka kwambiri. Linnaeus anasiya gulu la ophunzira anapitiriza ntchito ya aphunzitsi ndi kupambana. Mwachitsanzo, Karl Vildenov akamwalira wolemba wawonjezera buku limeneri lagona pa mfundo anayamba ndi zachilengedwe Swedish. Kodi chopereka kwa zamoyo Karl Linney anayambitsa, ndi lero ndi lofunika kwambiri sayansi.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Karl Linney zinali unworkable. Mu 1774 iye chinachitika kwa magazi mu ubongo, chifukwa chimene kafukufuku anali achitsulo dzanzi. Pambuyo anakhomedwa chachiwiri, iye asaluza amawakumbukira, ndipo anamwalira pasanapite nthawi. Izi zinachitika mu 1778. Pa moyo wa Linnaeus anakhala wasayansi akuzindikiridwa ndi kunyada dziko. Iye anaikidwa mu chachikulu cha Uppsala Cathedral, kumene anaphunzitsidwa unyamata wake.

The lomaliza asayansi wakhala Mipikisano buku Nsanja ya nkhani yake ophunzira. Kuphunzitsa anatsimikizira kuti dera limene anathera nthawi yambiri ndiponso khama Karl Linney. Muzipereka kwa zamoyo (mwachidule anadziwa nkhaniyi munthu aliyense ophunzira mu moyo wa zachilengedwe a) anapanga mbiri zosiyanasiyana mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba mu Europe.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kuwonjezera pakati bizinesi yake kafukufuku komanso anadzipereka gulu la fungo. Iye anayamba dongosolo lake pa fungo zisanu ndi ziwiri zikuluzikulu monga cloves, musk ndi T. D. Anders Tselsy, anatchuka kwambiri mlengi lonse, anasiya zida, amene anasonyeza madigiri 100 mu yozizira koopsa mfundo za madzi. Zero M'malo mwake, kutanthauza chithupsa. Linnaeus, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri lonse ankaona kuti zimenezi mwina kungakhale kovuta. Iye anasintha ' "iye. Mu mawonekedwe lonse alipo lero. Choncho, chopereka Karla Linneya mu chitukuko zamoyo - si chinthu chokha chimene wasayansi wotchuka.