Ndi mitundu ya ndege chiyani? Model, mtundu, mtundu wa ndege (chithunzi)

Ndege nyumba - ndi gawo otukuka ya zachuma, umene umabala lalikulu zosiyanasiyana za ndege, kwa superlogkih ndi zolimba kwambiri, ndi onenepa. atsogoleri World kupanga ndege ndi USA, EU ndi Russia. M'nkhaniyi tiona zimene muli mitundu ya ndege ku nyumba ndege lero, zolinga zawo, ndi zina dongosolo la.

Kodi ndege?

M'mbuyomu posachedwapa, anthu maulendo aataliatali yekha kudziko ndi nyanja zodutsa, pamene kuthera nthawi yambiri. Mwamwayi, sayansi amene wakwanitsa kukhala mtundu watsopano galimoto - ndege, chimene chingathe okwera peremesit ndi katundu pa ataliatali mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka.

The ndege - makina zouluka, mbali yaikulu ya umene uli mphamvu ya kuchita flights mu kukula kwa m'mlengalenga, ntchito kufunika mphamvu kolowera. Iye ali zingapo zochititsa kapangidwe mitundu ina ya zoyendera mphepo. Mwachitsanzo, ndege ndi kuliika-mapiko a ndege ndi osiyana. Amodzi mapiko ndi airframe, koma alibe injini ngati ndege, pamene pa airship iye kufotokoza mfundo ya ndege.

Mbiri ya yatsoka ndege

Kuyesa kumanga makina zouluka lotengeka ndi zomera mphamvu, atengedwa ndi oyambitsa zambiri za m'ma XIX. Pakati pawo, George. Keighley, W. Henson, N. Teleshov A. Mozhajskij. Ena mwa iwo ndi anthu angapo bwino ntchito imeneyi. Komabe, tsiku la kubadwa kwa ndege dziko imatengedwa kuti 17 December 1903. Tsiku lomwelo, nthawi yoyamba pamwamba padziko lapansi wauka zinalengedwa ndi okonza American (Bratya Rayt) ndege. Ngakhale zinali yochepa ndege, masekondi 59 chabe pamalo okwera mamita 260, chochitika chimenechi chinali yojambula mu ndege.

zinthu kandalama la ndegeyo

Zinthu constituent anapanga osati maonekedwe a ndege, komanso kudziwa zochititsa zinchito, womwe ndi liwiro kuyenda mu zoyendera mphepo. Kamangidwe muyezo wa ndege ya mtundu uwu tichipeza zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Fuselage - zambiri ndi lalikulu gawo la ndege, chimene chimabweretsa limodzi mbali zonse za chotengera china. Mmenemo kumakhalanso chipinda kwa malawi ndi mayendedwe a anthu, adalira ndi katundu. Komabe, fuselage ali chachikulu, osati zitsanzo zonse, ndi mmene kwambiri zombo anthu.
• Mapiko - waukulu ndege thupi. Mu njira yomweyo monga mbalame, ndege simungathe kulingalira yopanda mapiko. Choyamba, iwo kulenga zochotsa mphamvu anafunika kukweza mu dongosolo mpweya. Mapiko a ndege kwenikweni zina njira onsewo chotengera pamodzi olamulira (aileron) ndi zofunika ndi zouluka dongosolo (kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke).
• Mchira gawo amapanga tichipeza zigawo zitatu zikuluzikulu: a muyezo, ndi lamanzere ndi lamanja mtima. Pa mchira palinso sitima amazilamulira: chiwongolero ndi kuya.
• Mphamvu zomera chimake ankaimira mu chakale zomangira injini (ngati) ndi zida zina zofunika ntchito zawo.
• Galimotoyo - System msewu wonyamukira ndege ankafika zipangizo, ntchito zofunika ndege, ndegeyo, komanso gulu lake mu nthaka kapena madzi pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, ndi galimotoyo zikufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a mawilowo, koma pali mtundu wa ndege kuti zikugwera pa zipangizo, ndi ena zitsanzo ndipo akuchita skids kapena zoyandama.
• Pa bolodi zamagetsi - mndandanda wa zida kulola oyendetsa ntchito ndegeyo.

gulu la ndege

A mtundu winawake wa ndege osiyanasiyana kuchokera ena mu mawonekedwe ake, kumene kumakhudza magwiridwe zake. Choncho, ndege gulu akhoza kukhala malinga ndi muyezo osiyana, mkulu pakati pawo - ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ndege. Mwa maikidwe aerosuda Kodi wamba ndipo asilikali.

Kusiyana motero zosiyanasiyana ndege, zikugwirizana zinthu zotsatirazi magawo: options injini masanjidwe, airspeed, misa.

Ndi ndege kulemera magawo kungakhale: superheavy, olemera, sing'anga ndi kuwala. Malinga ndi kuthawira liwiro: subsonic, transonic, supersonic, hypersonic. Yotsirizira ndi mtundu watsopano wa ndege, chimene chingathe kupanga ndege kopitilira muyeso-kudya pamalo okwera 100 Km. Koma amagetsi, i gulu ndi: chiwerengero cha injini (1 ndi 12), malo (ku fuselage, ndi phiko) ndi mtundu (injini kuyaka mkati, roketi zosagwiritsa, kagwere, ndege, mphamvu).

Malinga dongosolo, ndege ali m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zotsatirazi:

• mmodzi wa mapiko ndi malo awo;
• chikhalidwe mchira dongosolo;
• kutayipa galimotoyo;
• mtundu ndi miyeso ya fuselage lapansi.

Mitundu ya ndege zonyamula

Ndege cholinga zolinga wamba, onyamula anthu, mitundu yonse ya katundu ndi makalata. Iwo akhoza kukhala flights wa ang'ono ndi medium- ndi wautali kwambiri kuposa. Ndege malonda siyana pa chiwerengero cha mipando (8 700.). The ntchito anafuna ziwiya izi zikhoza kugawidwa mu:

• zonyamula;
• katundu;
• katundu;
• zaulimi (mbewu kupopera ndi processing);
• umoyo;
• maphunziro (kwa oyendetsa);
• zitsanzo zamasewera ndege masewera.

Pakati ambiri mwakwera ndege izi zitsanzo izi: Lachiwiri 154, Lachiwiri 134, Il-62, Il 86, Il 96, Airbus A330, A320, A310, Boeing 737, Boeing-747, Boeing-767. The yaikulu komanso lalikulu mtundu wa ndege kwa ophimba m'basimo - ndi Airbus A380. Kamodzi chipangizo ichi amatha magalimoto kwa anthu 700 pa mtunda wa 15 chikwi. Km.

Mitundu ya nkhondowo ndege

ndegeyo bwinobwino ntchito osati mtendere komanso zolinga asilikali kusonyeza Adani ndi kutema ndi Adani mpweya.

Nkhondowo ndege angathe kukhala osiyana, makamaka cholinga ankafuna:

• zoponya mabomba kuponya mabomba pa gulu lankhondo lamphamvu ya mdaniyo;
• raketo- ndi oponya;
• Ankhondo tinapangidwa kubweza mpweya kuukira ya mdaniyo;
• interceptors;
• refueling capacitances Amawapatsa mafuta ndi ntchito cholinga chake chachikulu - refueling ndege mumlengalenga,
• onyamula kayendetsedwe koyenera nkhondowo ndege.