Ndi OSCE ndi chiyani? The zikuchokera ntchito ndi abuluzi OSCE

ndi OSCE ndi chiyani? Mbiri ya bungwe ili. Mu 1973, msonkhano wa mayiko unachitika kukambirana mgwirizano ndi chitetezo ku Ulaya (CSCE). Iwo anatenga gawo mayiko 33. Izo zinatha kusaina mitu ku Helsinki mayiko ndi maboma kuchita zomwe wakhala pulogalamu yaitali kanthu yomanga umodzi wamtendere, demokalase ndi wotukuka Europe. Mwadongosolo kwambiri kwa European Community. Iwo ali mphamvu lonse kuthetsa kusamvana zosiyanasiyana, kuwunika ufulu wa anthu m'mayiko munthu, ulamuliro wa chitetezo zachilengedwe.

Evolution ya gulu

ndi OSCE ndi chiyani? Malinga ndi Helsinki zokonzekera za mayendedwe zikuluzikulu za ntchito ya gulu komanso nkhani zotsatirazi zokhudza chitetezo European: mgwirizano m'minda ya sayansi, chuma, luso, malo, umunthu ndi zina (ufulu wachibadwidwe, mudziwe, chikhalidwe, maphunziro). Izi ndi OSCE Mission. zikuluzikulu zofunika za ndondomeko Helsinki anali kukumana States Zisangalalo ku Belgrade (1977-1978 gg.), Madrid (1980-1983 gg.), Vienna (1986-1989 gg.).

Kuthi zofunika kwambiri za msonkhano wa OSCE nawo States pa mlingo wokweretsa ku Paris (1990 TH), Helsinki (1992 TH), Budapest (1994 TH), Lisbon (mphindi 1996) ndi Istanbul (1999 TH). Chifukwa cha institutionalization pang'onopang'ono ndipo adaganiza zolenga malo Mlembi-General (1993rd) ndi Council kwa CSCE Permanent yakhala mbali ya gulu lapadziko lonse dera. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha Budapest Summit m'chaka cha 1995 CSCE anasintha dzina lace mpaka OSCE lapansi. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti achidule kwa Security ndi Cooperation mu Europe.

Mu 1996, pa Lisbon msonkhano wa atsogoleri a mayiko nawo ndi zochita ndiponso zikalata zofunika kwambiri unatengedwa. Choyamba, lingaliro la kumatanthauza chitetezo European m'zaka 21. Iyo inali yokhudza kufunika resettlement wa Europe popanda malire ndi kugawa mizere. Ndipotu, chikalata ichi chinali chiyambi cha chilengedwe cha European Union. Kachiwiri, wakhala kusinthidwa CFE Pangano (Pangano pa ochiritsira onyamula Mphamvu).

ndi OSCE ndi chiyani? Lero, mamembala a gulu ndi maiko 56, kuphatikizapo European onse, pambuyo Soviet, Canada, United States ndi Mongolia. Zimenezi zimathandiza gulu kuti OSCE kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri m'dzikoli. mphamvu zake chimakwirira mndandanda yaikulu mafunso a mitundu asilikali ndale, zachilengedwe, chuma ndi sayansi. Zolinga za bungwe ndi: potsimikizira-uchigawenga, ulamuliro mikono, chilengedwe ndi chuma, chitetezo cha demokalase ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, komanso anthu ena ambiri. Mayiko a OSCE ndi udindo wofanana. Zochita anapangidwa pamaziko a vutoli. Pali mabungwe osiyanasiyana OSCE. Chimene icho chiri, ife tichita pansipa.

zolinga

gulu makamaka tikunena zoyesayesa zake pa kupewa zosiyanasiyana mikangano dera ndi kuthetsa mikangano ndi mavuto kuwonongedwa kwa zotsatira za nkhondo, ndi zina zotero. N. Njira yaikulu ya kukhalabe chitetezo ndi njira zothetsera kukwaniritsa chachikulu cha gulu ili m'magulu atatu a zida. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo:

• kulamulira kuchuluka;
• ntchito yomanga kukhulupirirana ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo;
• miyeso zamtendere kupewa nkhondo.

Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo chitetezo m'munda wa zachuma ndi zachilengedwe. Gulu lachitatu zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi maufulu a anthu, ufulu wa chikumbumtima, ndi zina zotero. Ali:

• ntchito ufulu wa anthu;
• kuwunika chisankho m'mayiko osiyanasiyana;
• kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa magulu demokalase.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti zochita OSCE ndi chenjezo osati kumangako. Komabe, ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu ndale. Anthu ogwira ntchito za bungwe ndi anthu 370 mu maudindo utsogoleri ngakhale 3.5 zikwi ntchito mu utumwi wa kumunda.

udachitikira

Summit anaitanitsa msonkhano wa oimira mayiko nawo pa mlingo wapamwamba. Iwo woimira Forum ndi nawo mitu ya boma ndi unachitika zambiri iliyonse awiri zaka zitatu kukambirana zinthu m'munda wa chitetezo ndi kukhazikika mu dera OSCE, kutenga zochita zoyenera kuzindikira mbali yaikulu ya gulu ntchito mwa mawu lalifupi ndi lalitali chiyembekezo.

Bungwe la nduna ndi Council Permanent

Bungwe la nduna misonkhano nawo atumiki a Affairs okhonda wa States mamembala a bungwe. Iye chapakati kupanga zisankho ndi bungwe lolamulira la OSCE. Bungwe Permanent - ndi chiwalo yogwira ntchito, imene pa mlingo wa Permanent oimira States Zisangalalo unachitikira zokambiranazo ndale, zochita pa nkhani zonse za panopa OSCE lapansi. Plenary magawo PS paliponse Lachinayi ku Vienna.

The Parliamentary Assembly

OSCE Organization ali Assembly ake Parliamentary. magawo Plenary ikuchitikira kawiri pa chaka mothandizidwa ndi Secretariat PA ili Copenhagen. OSCE wapampando-pokhudzana ndi PA nthawi zonse, uza ophunzira za ntchito ya gulu. Pulezidenti PA amasankhidwa kwa nthawi ya chaka chimodzi.

secretariat

OSCE Secretariat, amene ntchito kutsogoleredwa ndi Mlembi General, amalowerera ntchito ndi bungwe malo kufalitsidwa mu States Member akutumikira ntchito za matupi ena lolamulira, kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsa misonkhano yosiyanasiyana, chinkhoswe mu nkhani kayendetsedwe ndi bajeti, mfundo ogwira, ndi udindo mgwirizano ndi mabungwe lonse, azidziwe, T. d. Secretariat ili ku Vienna (Austria), ndi ofesi kumbuyo mu Prague, (Czech Republic). Kusintha Mwachangu wa Secretariat ndi mabungwe ena mu ndege zachuma ndi a zachilengedwe kuyambira January 1998 malo Co-ordinator wa OSCE Economic ndi muzochitika za chilengedwe.

The wapampando-mu

ndi OSCE ndi chiyani? Nkhope ya bungwe lalikulu chithunzi ndale ndi wapampando panopa. Iye ali ndi udindo kwa mugwirizano ndiponso kukambirana pa panopa ndale. Mu ntchito zake, wapampando ndi mothandizana:

• Kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi wolowa ntchito pamodzi mu mtundu atatu.
• magulu Special, chimenenso iye anaika.
• oimira Personal, amene amagwiritsidwa zoikidwa ndi wapampando, ndi makonzedwe a lamulo yeniyeni ndi tanthauzo la mndandanda wa mavuto m'madera osiyanasiyana yamtunduwu wa OSCE lapansi.

Ofesi Mabungwe Democratic ndi Human Rights (ODIHR chidule)

nyumba imeneyi facilitates likhale chisankho demokalase mu States ndi Member (kuphatikizapo kutumiza utumwi kuonerera chisankho), komanso kuwathandiza kulimbikitsa mabungwe demokalase ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, cholimbikitsa maziko a anthu wamba ndi lamulo. ODIHR ofesi mu Warsaw.

Mkulu Commissioner pa ing'onoing'ono National (HCNM)

Izi kapitawo ndi udindo chenjezo oyambirira mikangano yokhudza nkhani ochepa dziko. Secretariat HCNM mu The Hague.

media ufulu woimira

Ndi limathandiza boma ku limati maphwando ndi maudindo awo m'munda wa atolankhani. Malo a kazembe wa atolankhani ndi yofunika kuonetsetsa uziyenda bwino za lotseguka demokalase, komanso maboma a mlandu kwa nzika. OSCE, bungwe chinalengedwa mochedwa 1997.

OSCE ntchito

Mission ntchito monga ngati "munda" a dongosolo la OSCE. Ku Ulaya Southeast, iwo alipo mu Albania OSCE Mission ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo (Serbia). Ku Eastern Europe Office mu Minsk Mission ku Moldova Project Co-ordinator ku Ukraine. Mu South Caucasus: OSCE ntchito ku Georgia, maofesi Yerevan ndi Baku woimirira wa wapampando-Karabakh. Ku Central Asia: ntchito mu Tajikistan, ndi OSCE Center ku Almaty, Ashgabat, Bishkek, Tashkent. mabungwe ndi zida zofunika pa nkhani ya kupewa mikangano ndi kasamalidwe mavuto m'munda. OSCE akungokuonani kugwira ntchito zawo mu mawanga ambiri otentha ndipo mabacteria nkhondo.

Economic ndi Environmental Forum

mwambo umenewu umene unachitika kuti kutsogolera chuma cha States Zisangalalo. Iwo likugwiritsidwanso maganizo pa zinthu zothandiza umalimbana kulimbikitsa mgwirizano zachuma pakati pa maiko awiri.

The Forum for Security Co-opareshoni

thupi ili akuchita ntchito yake momaliziratu ku Vienna. Amakhala akuluakulu a nthumwi za OSCE nawo States chinkhoswe mu zokambirana za nkhani ya ulamuliro mikono, Kusiya, chikhulupiriro zomanga ndi kukhwimitsa chitetezo.