Ngalande pansi Amur Khabarovsk

Amur Mtsinje Ngalande, amene ali chithunzi m'nkhani ino - Khabarovsk chinsinsi asilikali ndi kumanga boma. makhalidwe ake ali wapadera. Ngalande - yekha ngati m'madzi chinthu pa dera la Russia. Strategic kumanga mphamvu ndipo alibe wayesedwa. Ndipo m'ngalande ntchito masiku ano zolinga mtendere.

prehistory

Kukonza zoti amangire nyumba sitima zoyendera anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. mumphangayo kumangidwa pansi pa Cupid. Mu 1906, miyezo ndi maphunziro akhala akufufuza. Kuchokera pa maphunziro awa panali ena ntchito mumphangayo m'madzi, ndi mlatho mtsinje.

Ziyerekezo zojambula inali kuperekedwa pa chionetsero cha Amur ku Khabarovsk Gawo. Nkhani imeneyi wodzipereka kwa tsiku lokumbukira wa Romanovs - ndi tercentenary. Pa ziyerekezo zojambula akuonetsedwa njira sitima wachita m'madzi. Koma pomanga polojekiti kunapezeka kuti anasankha ulalo Amur Mtsinje ngati zogwirizana kwambiri.

maofesi mtundu

Mu 1930. ku Asia anayamba kumanga zikuluzikulu. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka mu otaya katundu TRANSSIB. Railway, yomwe inamangidwa zaka 19-20., Amafuna ukugwirizana ndi. Mu April 1920, utali mlatho akuimbidwa ndi partisans kwa intercepting njira Japanese. Trans-Siberia Railway waswedwa kwa zaka zisanu. Far East anadulidwa ku Siberia ndi Russia. A njanji umadutsa Manchuria.

Choncho, anaganiza kuti amange mumphangayo pansi pa Amur Mtsinje ngati mlatho anali osatetezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo Japan. Tsogolo la zomangamanga m'madzi yomweyo anali wachinsinsi ndipo analandira No. 4 Anthu Commissariat. Choncho, nkhani imeneyi akhala kudziwika.

Kukonzekera yomanga

Pamaso pa ntchito yomanga ndi undersea mumphangayo ku Khabarovsk kumanzere spetsekspeditsiya ku "Soyuztransproekta". Mndandanda ofufuza m'gulu akatswiri "Metroproekta" ndi usilikali Academy dzina la Kuibyshev. yomanga gawo anali maukonde woyamba mfundo geodetic. mtundu uwu wa zitsulo mu monoliths konkire.

Amachita brigades atatu palokha. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo panali zolakwika mu dongosolo, ndi kuwongolera amapangidwa, onse atatu oyeza inatha. Kenako akatswiri zotsatirazi - oyeza, ntchito padziko. Ndipo m'madzi olamulira mumphangayo anaikidwa, atamangirira zopangidwa.

Ntchito yonse inali ikuchitika mofulumira - mu miyezi isanu yokha. Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa msewu anafufuza 9 mitundu. Chinkhoswe mu kapangidwe ndi academician Vedeneev Institute "Metroproekt". Potsiriza anavomereza Baibulo, kutenga nkhani chitetezo odana ndi ndege. Kumangidwa anali kumangidwa theka kilometre ku mlatho. Railway mumphangayo pansi Amur anali potsiriza wobvomerezedwayo mwa Khabarovsk mu March 1938

Kuyamba kumanga malo obisika

Malinga ndi lamulo la boma, ntchito yomanga maofesi a chinsinsi inayamba mu 1937, anthu ena amati "chinthu nambala 4". Nthawi zambiri ntchito inayambika popanda ndalama ambiri ndi TEHPROEKT chitukuko. Ndi kumanga mumphangayo anali nazonso. Luso ntchito ndi kafukufuku ambiri anawatumiza ku malo kenako - mu May 1939 yomanga ya undersea mumphangayo akanayenera anakhala miliyoni 294.5 rubles. pomanga zinakonzedwa anasankhidwa kumapeto kwa 1939

Amene tikulalikira yomanga?

Mu 1937 anayamba tunneling. Iwo anachita khumi ndi makampani osiyanasiyana yomanga. Iwo ankagwira ntchito ndi zomangamanga asilikali mayunitsi. Amur Mtsinje Ngalande inamangidwa pansi pa utsogoleri wa Commissar of njanji ya Soviet Union L. M. Kaganovicha. Udindo chinthu nambala 4 anaikidwa Na Ermolaev. Iye anakhala Mkulu wa akatswiri okonza. Yermolaev kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga mpaka anamaliza awo.

Unsembe maofesi nthaka ndi ntchito nawo makhalidwe asilikali sitima. Kumangira njira yotulukira pa phunziro anali seconded Metrostroi antchito 900 ndi mbiri ntchito yaikulu. akatswiri Chief anaikidwa I. D. Gotsiridze. Athandiza kumanga njira yotulukira anthu wamba. Mu ntchito za ntchito m'ndende. Okwana nawo chilengedwe cha mumphangayo anthu 5,500 chaka.

Makungwa ndi gasket waukulu olamulira

Tisanafotokoze anayamba kumanga njanji mumphangayo pansi pa mtsinje Amur, choyamba migodi anayi anaikidwa. Iwo pansi mu nthaka opangidwa matabwa - msinkhu kamangidwe. Aliyense mpanda ndi mu magulu cholinga atatu yoyeza. Iwo anachita kumalumikiza olamulira waukulu wa nyumba ya m'madzi, moganizira mfundo kamangidwe.

Features ntchito yomanga malowedwe

Malowedwe inali yovuta, kunafuna mwatsatanetsatane mkulu. Njira m'madzi si zotsatizana ku banki ku banki, mu mzere molunjika ndi ngodya yokhota, zovuta ngakhale vertically. Olamulira sangakhale palibe chomwecho masentimita oposa asanu. Wamkulu kupatuka mwakale sikuloledwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha yosalala ndi zolondola ntchito a akatswiri, ndi mumphangayo m'madzi pansi pa Amur anali sboyka zosaposa khumi millimeters.

yomanga tunneling anali kumva chifukwa chakuti m'madera ena ngalande zoipa anasefukira. Koma, ngakhale, mlingo wa elongation mabowo ndi wofanana pafupifupi zisanu mamita tsiku. Kwa nthawi imeneyo, mitengo awa akhala n'kale lonse dziko lonse. Mu yomanga uyu anapangidwa zishango sanali makina. Pomanga kunja chinaikidwa Pafupifupi pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni kiyubiki mamita dothi ndi kupopa 137,6 zikwi kiyubiki mamita konkire.

Kusintha nthawi pomanga

Mu June 1941, bungwe la mumphangayo inatha. M'masiku amenewo isanathe ntchito chofunika kwa miyezi ina sikisi. Koma pa nkhani analandira uthengawo ku State Committee Kumenyana ndi kusainidwa ndi Stalin. Uthenga umene uli kuti ndi kulola sitima kudzera m'ngalande m'madzi mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka. Ntchito akhala inapita ku malire. Pomaliza katawala ankaiphwasula, komanso zosakhalitsa kupeza njira. The ballast ntchito otsypali kiyubiki mamita 8,000 wa makhalidwe. Ndipo njira yaikulu linakonzedwa. Njira pansi pa Amur ku Khabarovsk anali wokonzeka kupita.

Kutsegula mumphangayo ntchito

nthawi Stalin zinali zodzaza makamaka pambuyo yomanga amene anali kulowa ntchito - 20/06/1941, omanga anafunika anati mwa mumphangayo m'madzi, tsiku anapita mbali yoyamba, yomwe panali anthu ogwira ntchito ndi mabwana awo. Phunzitsani dalaivala anathamanga V. Vozheyko.

25/04/1942 The Commission Boma la kutenga m'ngalande ntchito nthawi zonse. Mu nkhani iyi, ochita chipikisheni imawunikidwa nyumba abwino, ndi ntchito ya oyeza - kwambiri. M'litali m'ngalande pansi pa Amur anali mamita 7198. Ntchito bwinobwino, iwo anali okonzeka ndi Kutentha, mpweya wabwino ndi machitidwe kuyatsa. Momveka bwino ikukoka madzi chotchinga kulengeza Alamu.

Kum'mawa wa nkhope yake, pali atatu amene anapanga njira yotseguka dera 1350 mamita m'litali. The awiri lamkati la gawo m'madzi kwa mandawa ndi 7400 mm. kum'mawa kwa kapangidwe ndi ili mkati Khabarovsk West - pafupi siteshoni pambuyo Pokrovskiy.

Pa nthawi imene ngalande anamanga pa mlingo wa umisiri usilikali zotsogola. Kumangidwa anali malire yaikulu ya chitetezo. Iwo ali 7 mpweya awatulutsira. Limodzi ili pachilumbachi, ndipo ena - pa onse mtsinje wa Amur Mtsinje. Choncho, m'ngalande anakhala zaka zambiri. Ndipo ukugwiradi ntchito kutali.

The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World makomo onse ndi njira m'ngalande m'madzi mosamala kulondera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke zakhazikitsidwa, kuwonjezera checkpoints, ndi odana ndi ndege mabatire. Mmodzi wa iwo anali pa magombe a ducts misala. Womenya Lelikov batire Kenaka, anawuzidwanso kuti anali ku malo ake uthenga za ndege wosadziwika, lomwe latsala kwa mlatho. Zinkamveka alamu, batire odana ndege yomweyo mlandu zipolopolo moyo.

Patapita kanthawi pang'ono ndege anabwera powonekera. Mwina anali kufunafuna m'makomo kuti m'ngalande pansi pa Amur. ndege yoyamba inamva ndi zimenezi. Koma mpweya makina pamaso kufika zilipo moto "flak" malire anapatukira Manchukuo. Nkhondowo chida anali akatulutsidwa. Choncho, odana ndi ndege mfuti ya ndiye komabe salvo munthu anapangidwa.

Subsea mumphangayo m'zaka nkhondo

Kuyambira 1944 mpaka 1945, makamaka poyendetsedwa m'ngalande katundu wopita nkhondo ndi Japan. Ndiye njanji m'madzi anali kusinthidwa kwa ndime mayunitsi nkhondo ndi mitundu yonse zoyendera. Pamene nkhondoyo inatha, mumphangayo waliteteza ngati malo obisika. Railway mumphangayo pansi Amur anali inkatetezedwa ndi asilikali onyamula zida ndi agalu.

Ntchito mumphangayo pambuyo pa nkhondo

Popeza 1960, U-njanji ankagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe a katundu wosiyanasiyana, kuonjezera mphamvu Amur mlatho. Popeza m'ngalande ali njira imodzi yokha, chisonyezo anauzidwa mu njira imodzi yokha - kumadzulo. Mu 1980 anali anamaliza electrification wa njanji ya Far East Khabarovsk-Bireh. Kenako, zitsulo ndi zonyamula sitima Pakuyenda mumphangayo, mu Vol. H. Ndipo wakunja kwatawuni.

Ngalande masiku ano

Mu masiku ano sitima mumphangayo pansi pa Amur akufunika kukonza yaikulu. Kumangidwa lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa zaka fifite. Ngalande ndi wapadera chinthu chimene mukufuna kupulumutsa. Pa nthawi yomanga nyumbayi inali sitima yaitali m'madzi lonse.

Ngakhale kuti m'ngalande kukonza lalikulu zifunika, chinthu amakhalabe otetezedwa ndi odalirika monga kale. magalimoto Railway imagwiridwa bwino. Ndipo zopindika yaing'ono sakutsutsana ndi kukhulupirika kwa mandawa. Mu 2009, ntchito yomanga ku Amur mlatho unachitikira. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye ali m'njira ziwiri.

Amur Mtsinje Ngalande ku nthawi yaitali ntchito adayamba kugwa. M'madera ambiri, panali kutayikira yaing'ono. kutsinde wanga anayamba kuvunda. Mu msewu izo amatenga zinyalala zambiri ndi ballast. Pamafunika kusintha maofesi kukula. Ndipo tsopano omanga mapulani - kukonza wapadera yodutsa pansi pa madzi. Choncho, ntchito yokonzanso kale kukonzedwa. The kukonzanso chachikulu zidzachitika posachedwa, umene akonze zinthu.