Ngwazi khalidwe. "The Minor" - satirical sewero lanthabwala

Pushkin anali wapamwambatu ankakonda kugwira ntchito ya Denisa Ivanovicha Fonvizina, amene analemba pansi Catherine II. Iye adapenya Gogol m'malo mwake. The protagonist Fonvizina - ignoramus Mitrofanushka - Alexander Sergeyevich zinachititsa kuti kusangalala wathunthu.

Za kalembedwe luso ndi chikhalidwe cha sewero lanthabwala anamuyamikira Herzen, Belinsky. Gogol moyo imeneyi chifanizo cha mphunzitsi wake, Fonvizin (ngakhale popanda kutchula dzina), mu nkhani "Usiku woti Khirisimasi." Kumbukirani, pamene wosula Vakula akatulukire kwa Mfumukazi, iye anapotoloka kukambirana kuti mwamuna wazaka zapakati ndi woyera nkhope zonse ndipo akhoza kusonyeza ntchito yake lotsatira "ndi kuphweka otchuka." Pa sanali malaya olemera ndi mabatani ngale. Zimangooneka ngati Fonvizin.

Choncho, inaimika malamulo chakale cha sewero lanthabwala (Fonvizin, "Oaf"). Zochita za anthu otchulidwa Koma kunapezeka kuti groundbreaking za m'ma XVIII. Mawonekedwe a sewerolo ndi nkhani imeneyi.

zithunzi zoipa

Mosakayikira, ilo lagona miyambo ya Russian sewero lanthabwala dziko umaimiridwa ndi Denisom Ivanovichem Fonvizinym makhalidwe a otchuka. "The Minor" molimba mtima ndiponso momasuka akudzudzulidwa wa nkhaza wa landlords ang'onoang'ono. Njira ambiri zoipa ndi sewero lanthabwala Akazi Prost. Kapoloyu amasamalira serfs ake ndi dzanja mwamphamvu, mwinanso ankhanza. Kodi chosafooka ku chilango logwirika. mbuli ndi wobwezera khalidwe. A nkhani mokweza mawu atumiki iye - sankasunga. Mwenechiroache mundu amakonda amatanthauza serf wake Trishka "ng'ombe", "akuba 'makapu", "chitsiru", "oonera". Namwino mwana wake, Eremeevna amene doted pa chitsiru izi, "Kuyamikira" Mama akuti "mthakati", "mwana wamkazi galu", "chirombo". Ndipo ndi - kwambiri pafupifupi, "pabwalo" anthu! Ndi otsala a kukambirana izo - ndipo ngakhale kochepa. Prost ali anaopseza "kuti kagwere nadzawaphetsa." Iye ankakhulupirira mwa Iye yekha, chifukwa malamulo - nthawizonse pa mbali ya landlords lapansi.

N'zoona shrew uyu ali ndi kubwereketsa mu moyo: amakonda mwana wake wa zaka 16 zakubadwa. Komabe, kumverera kwa izo - akhungu, amene Ms. Prost analipira ndalama kumapeto kwa sewero lanthabwala lapansi. Kwenikweni pachiyambi wolemba, "Fonvizinskaya" makhalidwe a ngwazi ya. "The Minor" - ndi sewero lanthabwala aliyense khalidwe amagwiritsa mawu wake wapadera ndi mawu enieni.

Bambo Prostakov - wofatsa, henpecked. Kumumvera mkazi wake zonse; alibe awo, zotsatirazi maganizo ake. Komabe, si wankhanza amakonda Mwana wake. Koma zoona, chilichonse m'nyumba si bwanji, kuphatikizapo maphunziro a mwanayo.

Choyambirira ndi chidwi, mogwirizana ndi mawu a munthu, analenga Fonvizin khalidwe la ngwazi. Ignoramus si mwamwayi kuti dzina Mitrofanushka. Pajatu ali phokoso Greek ngati "ngati mayi". Mwa njira, ponena za dzina la sewero lanthabwala. Mu Russia Nedoroslev wotchedwa olemekezeka achinyamata amene alibe olembedwa umboni wa maphunziro.

Mitrofanushka eschews kuphunzira, ndi mwano anthu, mokoma mtima okhudzana thereto. Eremeevna limati: "Old hrychovka". Mphunzitsi Tsifirkinu - "kaboma khoswe." Korona yemweyo mawu mnyamata dunce - kuti sakufuna kuphunzira, ndipo akufuna kukwatira - Mosakayika dalitso kulenga Fonvizin, iye kwenikweni anakhala airborne. The Minor si kutali malingaliro, mwano ndi mbuli. ulesi wake amachita aliyense m'nyumbamo.

M'bale Prostakova, Bambo Skotinin, sewero lanthabwala akunena caricature. Iye anali ananyozedwa magulu m'munsi, koma kuswana nkhumba iye - kumulakalaka lenileni ndi cholinga cha moyo. mumtima mwake lonse okha nkhani pigsty. iye sali kutopa akulankhula za nyama. Pamwamba pa izo, iye akufuna kukwatira Sophia.

Zabwino sewero lanthabwala ngwazi

Komabe, osachepera mu sewero lanthabwala mafano positive. Anatumiza kukayendera dzina Prostakova chuma boma PRAVDIN ndiye mwiniwake wa chilungamo, malamulo ndi chifukwa. Wake amakwiya pamene anthu amene "ali ndi mphamvu" pa serfs pogwiritsa ntchito zake "zoyipa ndi oipa." Iye Cholinga kuthandiza "anthu oyenerera" kuti mupititse patsogolo maphunziro zolondola. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wake Prostakova katundu requisitioned ndi boma.

Zabwino ndi Staro, odzipereka maganizo ndi mtima wonse utumiki kuchokera nthawi ya Peter I. usilikali utumiki, kenako malamulo gawo osati anam'bweretsera mwayi komanso zooneka woonamtima, mwamuna wake yabwino. Mofanana amaona n'kosayenera kusangalatsa mphamvu ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa chibadwidwe wa anthu ovutika.

Woonamtima ndi ophunzira mwana wa Sophia. Iye ali ndi maganizo wochenjera Choncho, ati kumanga moyo wawo kuti amuchitire chikhulupililo cha "ulemu kwa anthu." Mwachilungamo, odzichepetsa ndi lotseguka mkwatibwi Sophia - mnyamata kapitawo Milo. mtima wake anazionetsa nkhondo. Mnyamatayo ali analeredwa moona chivalrous. Nkhondo si anamuletsa ku martinet a. chikondi chake cha Sophia, amaona kuti chuma chachikulu.

Pakati pa zilembo zazing'ono, pali zabwino - yabwino ndi molunjika Tsyfirkin asilikali kale; ndi zoipa - ndi kuchenjera ndi adyera Kuteikin, seminarian - dropout Adamu Adamowicz Vralman - ndi amkunkhuniza lackey kwenikweni kutamanda Mitrofan kuti amuchitire chifundo Prostakova.

anapezazo

Fonvizin mosakayikira anzeru ndi munthu tcheru. The Comedy wopatsidwa mwamphamvu invective khalidwe la ngwazi. "The Minor" amatichititsa kuganiza za kufunika kusiya kupezerera serfs. Choncho sewero lanthabwala Fonvizin - osati umboni, osati kwa lachisangalalo nduna Catherine ndi okondedwa, ndipo ostrosatiricheskoy, umoyo mbali. Ntchito mankhwala amenewa kwa sewero lanthabwala anali osayamika kwambiri, wovuta misempha. The yosiya wa Denis Ivanovich anapita chifukwa cha kudwala - ziwalo. Ngakhale Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, mkazi mwapang'onopang'ono, ankadana mwamphamvu Zotengera Fonvizina ndipo si nthawi zonse kukumana zopempha anali tingachipeze powerenga.